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Bio prospecting of Lapachol producing endophytic fungi
Get PDFBackground: The association of endophytic fungi with medicinal plants has been one of the evolving areas of research in the past few decades. The secondary metabolites produced owing to such associations have been recognised for a wide range of biological activities. Objectives: The aim of the present review is to highlight the isolation of lapachol from endophytic microorganisms with an emphasis on its biotransformation to improve its efficacy. Methodology: The researchers followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria. Published scientific articles on endophytes, host-pathogen interaction and lapachol isolation were collected from reputed journals from 1960 to 2022 using electronic databases using the key words as stated. Following that, the authors chose the required papers based on the criteria they devised. The data was extracted using the common research elements found in the publications. Results and discussion: Lapachol is one such secondary metabolite known for potent antitumor properties. Synthesis of lapachol and its isolation from plant sources have been reported but an expensive process. Therefore, bioprospecting of this metabolite from endophytic fungi have been evaluated by a few researchers. It has been identified that A. niger and Alternaria alternata along with some of the filamentous endophytic fungi have been identified to produce lapachol. Some findings of biotransformation of lapachol to render it more potent have also been reported in the present review. Conclusion: Lapachol is one of the plant secondary metabolites that possess several therapeutic benefits. Owing to its isolation being highly expensive from plant sources, endophytes have been exploited. Furthering to the isolation, the biotrasformation of this bioactive molecule to enhance its efficiency has proven to be useful. In this regard, this review has enlightened some of the biotransformed lapachol and its derivatives with special emphasis on the endophytes that produce them. This review comprehensively highlights the various endophytic sources for lapachol production and its biotransformed derivatives
Understanding suicide and its prevention in the Indian context: Mental Health Perspective
Get PDFIn India, suicide research has largely concentrated on the prevalence, method, psychological, and demographic risk factors. Suicide processes, paradigms, prevention strategies, and other features of suicide that are common in the West may not be applicable in India. It is vital to study potential underlying processes, various suicide prevention methods, and suicide prevention in general, as well as what more work has to be done in the Indian context. Suicide, on the other hand, is a cross-sectoral public health issue that demands collaboration across all key sectors, and its prevention should engage all stakeholders in India
Effectiveness of Educational intervention on Infant and Young Child feeding Practices among Pregnant women attending Antenatal Clinics of Urban Health Centers of Mysore
Get PDFSocial, Physical & Psychological problems contribute for the low feeding rates in India. Apart from this the lack of adequate information, awareness among the women regarding breastfeeding needs to be addressed at the grass root level. Keeping these factors in mind the study was planned with the objective of finding out if educational intervention brings any significant difference in the knowledge and attitude of pregnant women towards breastfeeding practices attending antenatal clinics of urban health center at Mysore
Outcome of Nutritional Rehabilitation Centre based care for children with Severe Acute Malnutrition in Uttar Pradesh, India: Cross sectional Study
Get PDFBackground and Aim: Nutritional Rehabilitation Centres (NRCs) have been established for the facility-based management of children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM). The present study was conducted in two such centres in Uttar Pradesh, India to understand the epidemiological and clinical profile of admitted children and their outcome of treatment. Materials and Methods: A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Nutritional Rehabilitation centres at Lucknow and Barabanki district hospitals. All Children aged one to fifty-nine months admitted to these centres from July 1, 2018 to June 30, 2019 were included in the study. Results: Around 28% infants diagnosed with SAM were less than 6 months of age. Majority (64.9%) of the admitted children were discharged with more than 15% of weight at admission, 28.9% were non-responders, 6.2% were defaulters and there were no deaths during the study period. Referrals directly from the community were seen in only 25.8% cases. Conclusion: Considering that around one-fourth of the children were discharged without adequate weight gain, measures to promote follow up should be given more focus. Referral from community level should be strengthened and more attention should be given for prevention of malnutrition in infants less than 6 months
WHO AWaRe strategy and antimicrobial stewardship to combat antimicrobial resistance: An Indian perspective
Get PDFAntimicrobial resistance is a serious problem to solve especially in developing countries like India. Antibiotic use in India increased several times since 2005. Many studies in India have reported inappropriate and overuse of antibiotics which could be one of the possible reasons for increased antibiotic resistance in the country. This is an important and urgent issue that mandates strict regulations regarding the rational use of antibiotics. World Health Organization (WHO) has done a major revision to the essential medicines list which classifies antibiotics into three categories (access, watch, and reserve) to ensure the availability and correct use of antibiotics. Several countries started antimicrobial stewardship programs to promote appropriate use of antibiotics, reduce antibiotic resistance as well a financial burden. Indian government started a national action plan on antibiotic resistance in 2017 to promote the rational use of antibiotics but it is still in its formative stage as all stewardship components are yet to be implemented. This review emphasizes the importance and the need for implementing WHO’s AWaRe strategy and antimicrobial stewardship to promote rational antibiotic use in the country
Patterns And Determinants Of HIV Postexposure Prophylaxis In A Tertiary Health Facility In Nigeria
Get PDFBackground: One of the targets of HIV prevention strategy is to ensure that 95% of the population access prevention services by 2030 with the aspiration of ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030. Methods: This is a record-based cross-sectional review. Data was extracted from the PEP registers and treatment folders from January 2017 to December 2021. Results: Non-occupational exposure (82.5%) was reported more than occupational (17.5%). Majority of cases (442) resulted from rape. Only 9.1% of the clients returned for follow-up and all were negative. Conclusion: Behavioral interventions designed to promote HIV risk reduction and protective behaviors should be promoted
3-Dimensional model making as an innovative tool for enhanced learning through student engagement among early professional medical graduates
Get PDFBackground: Various innovative teaching-learning methods have been introduced in the medical curriculum for a better understanding of the difficult topics. We introduced the 3-dimensional (3D) model-making as an innovative tool for enhanced learning through student engagement among early professional medical graduates. Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry of a Private Medical College. The phase I medical undergraduate students were divided into 20 groups with 10 students in each group. The topics taught by didactic lectures were allotted to each group by lottery method and were informed that the best model will be suitably rewarded after evaluation. Feedback was collected from the students on a five-point Likert scale after the submission and evaluation of the models. Results: About 92% of the students expressed that 3D model-making was an innovative method of learning in the medical profession, and 96.3% agreed that the topics allotted were relevant to the syllabus and helped in better understanding of the subject when compared to didactic lectures. The students also agreed that the 3D model-making activity enhanced their creativity and application of knowledge to learn biochemistry, developed a positive attitude, helped to coordinate with their peers, and improved communication skills. They suggested that this activity should be continued with the inclusion of more topics. Discussion: The 3D model-making activity helped the students to enjoy learning, think differently, understand better, expand their knowledge and recall information more comprehensively
A Rare Case of Extra-Ventricular Supra-Sellar Neurocytoma – A Diagnostic Conundrum
Get PDFThe brain and its associated structures are often the primary source or site of metastases for many tumors. Neurocytoma is a relatively rare neuronal neoplasm, first described as an intra-ventricular tumor that is not known to be very aggressive. It constitutes less than 0.5% of CNS neoplasms. Extraventricular Neurocytoma (EVN) is an extremely rare variant, of which only 12 cases have ever been reported in the supra-sellar region. In all of these 12 cases, the patient was initially misdiagnosed; hence, this condition is a diagnostic conundrum. Grossly, the tumor is firm and smooth with extensive blood supply and fibrous tissue. Histologically, it is similar to central Neurocytomas. This article describes a case of this extremely rare CNS tumor. We also comment on the diagnostic modalities and management