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A case of Inferior Dislocation of Right Shoulder
Get PDFDislocation of the shoulder is the commonest of all large joint dislocations. Inferior dislocation of the shoulder, also called luxatio erecta, is a rare form. It appears in less than 0.5% of all shoulder dislocations. Patient characteristically presents with an arm locked in upright position - Luxatio erecta. Its etiology, clinical presentation and radiographic findings are distinct. An awareness of associated potential neurovascular injuries and rotator cuff tears is important in this rare entity and should be excluded with high index of suspicion. Preferred modality of treatment depends upon the age of the patient and the extent of neurovascular involvement. Treatment can be range from medical management via analgesics to Physiotherapy to plastic surgery for nerve graft in increasing order of complication of the shoulder displacement.
Case Description: A 34 year old female patient, presented with alleged history of RTA(fall from two wheeler)and presented with pain over right shoulder since 5 months which was confirmed to be inferior dislocation of shoulder joint via Xray findings and correlating clinical features.
CONCLUSION: This is a case of inferior dislocation of right shoulder joint of a 24 year old female with no known comorbidities. Hence a multifaceted approach combining physiotherapy, medical management with analgesics and surgical approach in case of evidence of neurovascular deficits is the preferable mode of treatment
Artificial intelligence and Machine Learning based Techniques in Analyzing the COVID-19 Gene Expression data: A Review
Get PDFThe novel Coronavirus associated with respiratory illness has become a new threat to human health as it is spreading very rapidly among the human population. Scientists and healthcare specialists throughout the world are still looking for a breakthrough technology to help combat the Covid-19 outbreak, despite the recent worldwide urgency. The use of Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in earlier epidemics has encouraged researchers by providing a fresh approach to combating the latest Coronavirus pandemic. This paper aims to comprehensively review the role of AI and ML for analysis of gene expressed data of COVID-1
Research Article A new Informatics Framework for Evaluating the Codon Usage Metrics, Evolutionary Models and Phylogeographic reconstruction of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) in different regions of Asian countries
Get PDFTomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is a major devastating viral disease, majorly affecting the tomato production globally. The disease is majorly transmitted by the Whitefly. The Begomovirus (TYLCV) having a six major protein coding genes, among them the C1/AC1 is evidently associated with viral replication. Owing to immense role of C1/AC1 gene, the present study is an initial effort to elucidate the factors shaping the codon usage bias and evolutionary pattern of TYLCV-C1/AC1 gene in five major Asian countries. Based on publically available nucleotide sequence data the Codon usage pattern, Evolutionary and Phylogeographic reconstruction was carried out. The study revealed the presence of significant variation between the codon bias indices in all the selected regions. Implying that the codon usage pattern indices (eNC, CAI, RCDI, GRAVY, Aromo) are seriously affected by selection and mutational pressure, taking a supremacy in shaping the codon usage bias of viral gene. Further, the tMRCA age was 1853, 1939, 1855, 1944, 1828 for China, India, Iran, Oman and South Korea, respectively for TYLCV-C1/AC1 gene. The integrated analysis of Codon usage bias, Evolutionary rate and Phylogeography analysis in viruses signifies the positive role of selection and mutational pressure among the selected regions for TYLCV (C1/AC1) gene
Relationships of academic expectation stress & self-efficacy, efficacy for self-regulated learning with academic performance during Covid pandemic
Get PDFBackground: Academic expectation stress & self-efficacy and efficacy for self-regulated learning may affect academic performance. The Covid pandemic has affected the physical and psychological well-being of all, including students. However, there is a paucity of studies examining these variables in college students in Saudi Arabia. Objectives: This study was conducted to explore the levels and relationships of academic expectation stress & self-efficacy, self-regulated learning, and its relationships with academic performance in college students of ---- University during the Covid pandemic. Material and Methods: A total of 302 students were recruited in this cross-sectional study. They were assessed with sociodemographic and academic proforma designed for this study, the Academic expectation stress inventory (ASE), the Academic self-efficacy scale (AES), and the efficacy of the self-regulated learning scale (SRL). Results: Results revealed that the mean score of AES, SRL, and ASE was 29.18, 35.38, and 41.11, respectively. On linear regression analysis exam score was statistically significant positively predicted by the score on SRL, and the Score of AES was statistically significantly predicted by the score of SRL (+ve) and the score of ASE (-ve). Conclusions: It may be concluded that efficacy for self-regulated learning may mediate academic performance and academic self-efficacy during the Covid pandemic. Enhancing self-regulated learning may improve academic performance during the pandemic
Biochemical & Hematological parameters to predict severity and mortality in COVID 19 patients – a retrospective study
Get PDFIntroduction: Coronavirus diseases (COVID-19), the global pandemic has posed a serious threat to the health of individuals across the world and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Several biochemical and hematological parameters are found to be altered in these patients and there is a need to identify a suitable biomarker that can help in better risk stratification of these patients. Hence in this study, we intend to evaluate the clinical utility of these parameters to predict severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients.
Material & Methods: A retrospective, observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital involving Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) positive COVID-19 patients (n-322). Data about patient\u27s age, gender, co-morbidities, duration of hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) stay, need for mechanical ventilation and laboratory investigations were obtained from the Hospital Information System (HIS).
Results: The average duration of hospital stay was 10 days, and the ICU stay of these patients was 6.5 days.[M1] [DSS2] There was a statistically significant increase in C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), neutrophils, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and lower mean lymphocytic count (p=0.05), in patients who required ICU admission when compared to those who didn’t and[M3] [DSS4] also among non-survivors compared to survivors.
Conclusion: Among the various biochemical & hematological markers, CRP, ferritin, LDH AST, and NLR were found to be better predictors of severity and mortality in COVID 19 patients. Timely monitoring of these markers would therefore help in better management and improved outcome for these patients
A case of malpositioned Endotracheal tube with resultant left lung collapse.
Get PDFBACKGROUND
ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION IS USUALLY DONE AS A PART OF EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH A THREATENED AIRWAY AND GENERAL ANAESTHSIA, IN ORDER TO ENSURE PATENCY OF THE AIRWAY AS WELL AS PROPER VENTILATION. POSITIONING AN ET TUBE CORRECTLY IS OF PARAMOUNT IMPORTANCE IN ORDER TO PREVENT HYPOVENTILATION, INAPPROPRIATE VENTILATION AND ALSO COLLAPSE OF LUNG DUE TO MALPOSITIONING OF ET TUBE.
ETT POSITION IS USUALLY ASSESSED USING FRONTAL CHEST RADIOGRAPH. THE POSITION OF THE ETT IS DEPENDENT ON THE POSITION OF THE HEAD & NECK. THE MANDIBLE CAN BE USED FOR ASSESSMENT OF WHETHER THE NECK IS IN A NEUTRAL OR FLEXED OR EXTENDED POSITION. ETT POSITIONING VARIES FROM PATIENT TO PATIENT DEPENDING UPON AGE OF THE PATIENT ALSO.
CASE DESCRIPTION
A 1 YEAR 10 MONTHS OLD FEMALE CHILD PRESENTED WITH THE COMPLAINTS OF FEVER SINCE 2 DAYS, 2 EPISODES OF CONVULSIONS, GTCS TYPE OF SEIZURES WITH UP ROLLING OF EYES, ENTIRE EPISODE LASTING FOR 2 MINUTES, ASSOCIATED WITH POST ICTAL DROWSINESS. CHILD IS A KNOWN CASE OF GLOBAL DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY AND WAS PREVIOUSLY ADMITTED TO HOSPITAL WITH SIMILAR COMPLAINTS. ON EXAMINATION SHE WAS FOUND TO HAVE HYPOTONIA OF ALL 4 LIMBS AND DROWSINESS.
CONCLUSION:
ETT POSITIOING SHOULD ALWAYS BE ASSESSED USING A FRONTAL CHEST XRAY IN ORDER TO ENSURE PROPER POSITIONING AND AVOID MALPOSITION
A Case Of Cryptomenorrhea Presenting as - Acute Abdominal pain
Get PDFBACKGROUND:
The transverse vaginal septum is a congenital Mullerian abnormality caused due to improper fusion of the Müllerian ducts with urogenital sinus. It is classified as complete or incomplete and obstructive or non-obstructive and occurs at various levels such as superior vaginal (46%), mid-vaginal(40%) and inferior vaginal(14%). Transverse vaginal septum is a rare condition with incidence varying from 1:2100 to 1:72,000. The condition is difficult to manage often due to delayed diagnosis and is usually diagnosed when hematocolpos lead to symptoms due to an expanding pelvic mass
CASE DESCRIPTION:
A 14-year-old female adolescent presented with a history of acute pain abdomen that was increasing in frequency. Initially diagnosed as a case of imperforate hymen. Following additional pelvic examination and further investigation of the Transabdominal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), it was confirmed to be a case of Transverse vaginal septum presenting with cryptomenorrhea.
CONCLUSIONS:
This case report presents transverse vaginal septum with a solitary symptom of acute abdominal pain. The report emphasizes the need for additional investigations with considering cryptomenorrhea as a possible differential diagnosis and an appropriate age for repai
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder with Porn Addiction during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Get PDFBACKGROUND:
COVID-19 Pandemic is an unprecedented humanitarian crisis that has affected the mental health of individuals immensely. OCD was among the mental health conditions that emerged with the new norm that is associated with repeated hand wash, social distancing and testing to confirm COVID-19. Nissen et al. (2020) found that there was a significant positive correlation between total OCD severity scores and the occurrence of OCD aggressive and sexual symptoms. [6] The COVID-19 lockdown translated into physical isolation, driving individuals to waste time online with no definite purpose, spending longer, abnormal durations of time online when bored, leading to increased consumption of online pornography. Since March 2020, during the lockdown period, Pornhub has seen a worldwide increase in pornography use of 11.6% compared to the previous average days. [9]
CASE DESCRIPTION: A 21-year-old adult unmarried male student came to the Psychiatry Department with complains of fear of getting COVID-19, repetitive, uncontrolled viewing of pornography, sadness and sleep disturbances for the past 1 year. With informed consent detailed history and psychological assessment was carried out and it was confirmed to be a case of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder with porn addiction during the COVID-19 pandemic.
CONCLUSION:
OCD and Porn Addiction have emerged as major concern in COVID-19 pandemic related mental health disorders and youngsters should be screened for these conditions and appropriate treatment strategies should be devised in community care
DEVELOPMENT OF TLC FINGERPRINTING PROFILE OF SHADANGA PANIYA – AN AYURVEDIC FORMULATION TO TREAT SYMPTOMS OF COVID-19
Get PDFBACKGROUND: Shadanga Paniya is a compound Ayurvedic formulation that contains six ingredients. Ayurvedic Physicians have been using Shadanga Paniya to treat fever for ages. Symptoms of COVID-19 are also being treated by Shadanga Paniya. However, the Shadanga Paniya has not reported standardisation.
AIMS: To prepare Shadanga Paniya as per the standard classical protocol. To carry out qualitative tests, standardisation and TLC profile development for Shadanga Paniya.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: All the ingredients of Shadanga Paniya wiz. Nagarmotha, Pittapapada, Khasa, Lal Chandana, Sugandhbala and Sunthi were taken in equal amounts. All these ingredients are heated over mild heat with water. The filtration of liquid Shadanga Paniya is carried out after completing proper deduction. Shadanga Paniya was subjected to organoleptic tests. Qualitative tests, physicochemical parameters and thin layer chromatography studies were also carried out. The comparative TLC studies of Shadanga Paniya was carried out with its ingredients.
RESULTS: Organoleptic tests of Shadanga Paniya showed that the colour of the liquid was reddish-brown, and the liquid was clear. It has a characteristic odour with an astringent taste. Qualitative analysis showed the presence of flavonoids, carbohydrates, saponin, phenols and glycosides. Test sample parameters revealed a total solids content (0.812 % w/v) and specific gravity (1.0083). The test sample has a Refractive index (1.334) and pH (4.2). The Thin Layer Chromatography study exhibited 3 bands at 254 nm and 366 nm. After spray, it showed 7 bands under 254 nm and 366 nm. The comparative TLC studies showed the similarities between Shadanga Paniya and its ingredients.
CONCLUSION: The typical type of solvent system [Toluene: Ethyl acetate: Formic acid: Methanol (6:3:0.1:1)] is shows the proper separation in Shadanga Paniya. Therefore, the findings of the present study may be found helpful to standardise Shadanga Paniya