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Calming Ethnic Conflicts: The Role of the form of Government
Get PDFThis article discusses the causation between forms of government, on the one hand, and ethnic conflicts on the other. This topic has received little attention in political science. The article gives a critical review of academic discussions on the relationship between ethnic conflicts and forms of government. How to calm ethnic conflict through the combination of institutions that represent ethnic groups’ interests and provide peaceful ethnic dialogue? Which institutional design prevents ethnic conflicts? Prevention and resolution of ethnic conflicts are the functions of political institutions in a multi-ethnic society. Calming ethnic conflict could come from both an institutional and a non-institutional manner. The form of government is the institutional mechanism for managing ethnic conflicts, along with the decentralization of power and the electoral system. Empirical and theoretical observations show that ethnic conflict is more likely to happen in parliamentary systems than presidential ones, but other political institutional arrangements are important too. The authors present arguments for supporting this conclusion
Adjectival Phraseological Units with the Parametric Component
Get PDFThe article is devoted to the comparative study of the Tatar and English adjectival phraseological units with the parametric component. Structural and semantic peculiarities are taken into consideration. The main methods of research are those of general linguistic methods and special linguistic methods. The purpose of the article is to find out common and specific features of the adjectival phraseological units with the parametric components in the English and Tatar languages. The investigation is based on the material from English and Tatar monolingual and polylingual dictionaries. The adjectival phraseological units of the Tatar language have not been studied enough. The Tatar and the English languages are structurally different and the study of the adjectival phraseological units with the parametric component is of great interest.
Comparative and non-comparative adjectival phraseological units with parametric components have been analyzed in the article, the frequency of the structures in both of the languages was found out and the explanation of the phenomenon was searched for. Semantically the adjectival phraseological units with the parametric component may express negative or positive attitude to reality, spheres of life, communicative process, or to a person, and that depends on the usage of this or that parametric adjective of the antonymic pair. General and specific features have been found out as well as exceptions. Based on the data got from the research the conclusions on the structure and semantics of the adjectival phraseological units with the parametric component are presented in the article
A Development Strategy for the Revival of Tourist Hotspots following the COVID-19 Pandemic
Get PDFThe ongoing Covid-19 crisis has hit many sectors and industries in the hardest possible way. Travel and tourism-related activities have not been an exception. We contend that a systemic approach can be developed and implemented in order to trace and certify individuals who do not present an epidemiological risk to other people, and also to manage their close interaction. This could lead to the certification of a large proportion of the population—millions worldwide—as not representing a risk of infection to others. It can justify the implementation of a system that can speed up the reactivation of several economic sectors and industries, protecting jobs and accelerating economic recovery in many countries. People who have been ill with Covid-19 have acquired the corresponding antibodies and, therefore, have immunity to the disease, they could travel freely, thereby helping to reactivate the economy. We will explain in this paper how a number of high-tech tools can be implemented as a crowd control system to identify those who do not represent a risk to others, either because they have acquired immunity or because they can be regarded as not carriers of a communicable disease. We devise a method based on the use of a 3D-diagram that shows the existence of an inverse relation between the number of tests performed and the number of individuals that have contracted the disease. The results of the study suggest that the implementation of a new epidemiological tourist strategy in Cuba can help to reactivate tourist activities in the country while avoiding the creation of new hotbeds of infection for Covid-19
Lobbist Organizations as Conflict Resolution Institute
Get PDFThe study specified in this article is devoted to an important problem in the modern state management practice of Russia - the study of conflict resolution of such a politically significant institute as lobbist organizations. The authors consider the phenomenon from a socio-economic, organizational, political perspective, which is categorized through the conceptual series “government relations - public administration - political institute” and is scientifically justified. The analysis methodology is based on the symbiosis of the neoinstitutional approach and game theory (continuous games) with the rent-oriented behavior of players. The urgency of the problems of lobbist organizations is due to the prolonged political and managerial crisis, both in Europe, the USA and in the countries of Asia. The scientific novelty of this paper is determined by the use of the neoinstitutional approach and the theory of games with the rent-oriented behavior of players as the fundamental methodological direction of the symbiosis when considering lobbist organizations as conflict resolution institutes with all the functions and rules of behavior in a political game inherent in them. The study will be based on the use of such empirical methods as analysis of documents and cases, which justifies the use of a qualitative methodology. The article is one of the first in Russian empirical practice related to the problem of lobbist organizations and, undoubtedly, will make a significant contribution to the study of the conflict logical specific nature of this socio-political institute. The article is part of the grant of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research No. 19-011-31376opn “Conflict logical audit as a system of technologies for influencing ideological youth extremism in modern Russia”
Innovative Industrial Clusters in the Context of Digitalization and Sustainable Competitiveness
Get PDFTo ensure Russia's sustainable competitiveness, it is necessary to create an infrastructure that allows creating globally competitive technologies and products. The authors suggest that industrial clusters can drive the country’s sustainable economic and innovative development. The research methodology is based on the content of the concept of sustainable competitiveness and cluster theory. The study was carried out using the methods of regression analysis. The systematization of foreign and Russian researchers’ ideas contribute to the conclusion that the cluster approach for ensuring sustainable development and competitiveness in the digital era is regarded as absolutely reasonable. In order to test the hypothesis of the study using regression analysis, a model has been built to assess the dependence and influence of the number of clusters in Russia Federal Districts on the main indicators of economic innovative development of these territories. The regression models constructed by the authors demonstrate a clear dependence of region economic and innovative development indicators on the clustering level. The authors of the present research recognize that clustering should be considered one of the basic elements in the system of national and regional sustainable competitiveness
Legal Protection for Women Victims of Trafficking in Indonesia in an International Human Rights Perspective
Get PDFThe research aims to analyze the legal protection of women victims of trafficking in Indonesia in an international human rights perspective. The type of research used is empirical normative legal research. The data obtained from this study is primary and secondary data obtained from the results of field research and literature analyzed and reviewed its legal relevance and used to decipher conceptions and theories used in this study, then the data obtained is analyzed qualitatively through a statute approach and conceptual approach. The results of this study show that the legal protection of women victims of people trafficking in the perspective of International Human Rights is found in Act of number 21/2007 about the Eradication of People Trafficking Crimes, but the provision of a form of protection against female victims is not supported by implementing regulations, such as government regulations
Intercultural Communication and Values-Based Orientations of Youth: Social Mobility and Problems of Self-Realisation
Get PDFThe ability to interact at the level of interpersonal communication allows to say that young people not only perceive society as an environment for their self-realisation, but also use it to gain new experience, that can determine the development of an individual. The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that each act of communication must be implemented for the purposes of development under certain conditions that affect not only the communication environment itself, but also other forms of interaction at the level of the individual, communality or community. The novelty of the subject matter is determined by the fact that the formation of intercultural communication is possible only if programs of social mobility and, accordingly, cultural exchange are implemented. The authors show that such progress is most likely to be achieved in the external environment, which is determined by the presence of external influences. The authors of the paper primarily refer to this effect as the environment of an educational institution. The leading research method is a sociological survey and the method of analysis, which make it possible to comprehensively consider the value priorities and preferences that are characteristic of modern student youth. The practical significance of the study is determined by structuring and factor analysis, which allows to distribute the cultural layer into various social groups and ensure youth intercultural exchange both in the context of local student communication and in the context of an increase in the level of academic mobility
Crimes against Justice under the Legislation of the States of the European Union
Get PDFThe countries of the European Union (EU) are united, but above all, each country is autonomous. EU Member States have different legislation on criminal offences. The EU authorities have already suggested the possibility of creating a single system for regulating legal provisions on criminal offences. Studying and comparing the legal systems and responsibilities for crimes against justice in individual countries will facilitate the analysis of the differences in the legislation of the EU countries. The purpose of this paper is to investigate crimes against justice in accordance with the laws of each individual European country. The paper considers the composition of such crimes, as well as the responsibility to which offenders can be brought in case of such crimes. The study uses the methods of analysis and synthesis, analyses legal provisions. General methods of scientific cognition used in this study include dialectical, historical, the Aristotelian method, method of systematic data analysis, formal legal method, method of legal modelling and comparative legal method. The study investigates the legal framework of European countries, in particular criminal codes and laws. This study systematises and groups the received information and data on criminal liability of judges for unlawful decisions. The European practices in punishing those who do not comply with court rulings and judgments are also analysed. A study of the legal system in individual EU countries will help distinguish between positive and negative aspects in the legislation. In addition, this study allows to consider and analyse the most effective laws, provisions, and principles that can be implemented in the current legal system of different countries of the world
Parameters and Structure of Neural Network Databases for Assessment of Learning Outcomes
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to determine the methodology, develop a theory of construction, put into practice algorithmization and implement the functionality of a hybrid intelligent system for assessment of educational outcomes of trainees on the basis of the identified keyword parameters and structure of the artificial neural network using expert systems and fuzzy simulation; to develop a methodology for the construction of structural-logic, hierarchical, functional and fractal schemes for structuring databases of the didactic field of learning elements; to determine the content, structure of parameters and database components, selection criteria and the content of complexes of educational standards. The methodology of introducing intelligent systems into mathematical education is on the basis of the Hegelian triad: thesis (implementation of the coherence principle) – antithesis (implementation of principles of the fractality and historiogenesis) – synthesis (implementation of the principles of self-organization and reflection of the complex system inversion integrity). Requirements for the organization and construction of the artificial neural network for assessment of personal achievements on the basis of fuzzy simulation have been developed. In the direction of using elements of fractal geometry, the technological structures of clusters that constitute the basis of generalized structures have been developed. In particular, it is revealed that the didactic field of learning elements is equipped with a system of multi-level hierarchical databases of exercises, motivational-applied, research, practice-oriented tasks using expert systems and integration of mathematical, information, natural-science and humanities knowledge and procedures
Learning to Forget: A Critical Review of Knowledge Management and Knowledge Exchange Initiatives in the Detective Service
Get PDFKM and KE have recently become commonly used terms in law enforcement agencies. However, implementing KM initiatives successfully in the SAPS still poses a challenge. This paper reviews factors that influence the success or failure of KM and KE initiatives as manifested in the SAPS, with emphasis on the DS. Both KM and KE initiatives are of critical importance to solve criminal cases. The consulted literature review highlighted various dimensions that are critically influential in the implementation of KM and KE in the DS. These are the negligence of the FP, during which the building blocks for a successful schooling career are laid; and once detectives are recruited, the lack of a mentorship programme and training curriculum, which lack coherence, connection, as well as depth of understanding that accompanies systematic critical thinking