European Scientific Journal, ESJ
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Stakeholders’ Perceptions of Seismic Risk and Adaptive Capacity to Earthquake: The Case of Anse-à-Veau (Haiti)
Get PDFEarthquakes were responsible for more than half of all natural disaster deaths worldwide between 2000 and 2019. Populations in developing countries are the most affected. What can help stakeholders to increase people adaptive capacity to earthquake in a context of very limited financial resources? The perception of seismic risk by the stakeholders and the perception of their adaptive capacity seemed to be able to influence the stakeholder’s adaptive capacity to earthquakes as well as that of the population. Haiti, a country at risk of earthquakes and ranked among the poorest in the world, is a relevant place to explore the potential people adaptive capacity to earthquake. In 2020, qualitative methods through face-to-face interviews were conducted with 21 stakeholders in the town of Anse-à-Veau. This paper, therefore, focuses on exploring their perceptions of risk and adaptive capacity, just one year before an earthquake in the region. The results show that stakeholders were mostly aware of earthquake risk. This was identified by their perception of seismic risk related to the zone and the perception of their adaptative capacity to deal with earthquakes. Respondents perceived that some drivers such as self-capacity, motivation, and selfresponsibility can increase their adaptive capacity. Some temporal and physical factors have been highlighted as constraints to stakeholders’ adaptive capacity to earthquake. As expected, training, awareness, and appropriate constructions were identified as effective ways to increase the adaptive capacity of stakeholders and that of the local populations to earthquakes. Currently, earthquake unpredictability was seen as a barrier of preparedness. However, some respondents perceived unpredictability as a factor of motivation for earthquake preparedness. Thus, this observation must be examined to find the way that unpredictability can facilitate stakeholders’ adaptive capacity to earthquake or not. Human resources are targeted as the main resource to cope with an earthquake. Also, training and awareness were recognized as means to increase the adaptive capacity of stakeholders and that of the local populations to deal with such an event, despite the limited financial resources
Persistance des Séquences Pluvieuses et Risques d’Inondations de 1971 à 2022 en Côte d’Ivoire
Get PDFAvec le réchauffement climatique mondial, les inondations sont devenues plus récurrentes en Afrique de l’Ouest, particulièrement en Côte d’Ivoire. Ainsi, la présente étude a pour objectif de contribuer à une meilleure compréhension des risques d’inondations à travers les extrêmes pluviométriques et leurs répartitions en Côte d’Ivoire. Pour cela, les données pluviométriques journalières de 1971 à 2022 des 14 stations synoptiques de la Direction de la Météorologie Nationale de Côte d’Ivoire sont utilisées. L’approche méthodologique comporte les chaînes de Markov, la loi de Gumbel et l’analyse fréquentielle des pluies journalières extrêmes. Les résultats ont montré que pendant les saisons des pluies, il y a plus de chance qu’il pleuve au Nord et à l’Ouest de la Côte d’Ivoire si la veille est sèche. En revanche, au Centre, au Sud et sur le littoral, c’est lorsque la veille est pluvieuse que la probabilité de pluie est élevée. Cette probabilité est plus forte au Nord-Ouest et sur le littoral qu’au Centre et Sud. Au Nord et à l’Ouest de la Côte d’Ivoire, la période allant de juillet à septembre enregistre 74,5 à 84,6 % des années à pluie extrême alors que sur le littoral, c’est 61,5 à 76,9 % durant la première saison pluvieuse d’avril à juin. Au Centre et Sud ivoiriens, ce sont 21,2 à 58,3 % des années qui ont des pluies extrêmes entre avril et novembre. Les pluies journalières normales à très exceptionnelles avec une durée de retour respectivement inférieure à six ans et supérieure à 100 ans occasionnent des inondations en Côte d’Ivoire. Ces résultats sont importants pour la mise à jour des plans stratégiques de prévention et de gestion des risques d’inondations en Côte d’Ivoire.
With global warming, floods have become more recurrent in West Africa, particularly in Cote d’Ivoire. Thus, this study aims to contribute to a better understanding of flood risks through extreme rainfall and their distributions in Cote d’Ivoire. For this, daily rainfall data from 1971 to 2022 for 14 synoptic stations of the National Meteorological Service of Cote d’Ivoire are used. The methodological approach includes Markov chains, Gumbel’s law, and frequency analysis of extreme daily rainfall. Results showed that during rainy seasons, there is a greater chance of rain in the North and West of Cote d’Ivoire if the day before is dry. However, in the Centre, South, and coastal, it is when the day before is rainy that the probability of rain is high. This probability is higher in the Northwest and on the coast than in the Centre and South. In the North and West of Cote d’Ivoire, the period from July to September records 74.5 to 84.6 % of years with extreme rain while on the coast, it is 61.5 to 76.9 % during the first rainy season from April to June. In the Centre and South of Cote d’Ivoire, 21.2 to 58.3 % of years have extreme rainfall between April and November. Normal to very exceptional daily rainfall with return periods respectively less than six years and more than 100 years cause floods in Cote d’Ivoire. These results are important for updating strategic flood risk prevention and management plans in Cote d’Ivoire
Le Plafonnement de Carrière: Source de Stress au Travail dans les Grandes Entreprises au Cameroun
Get PDFCette étude montre les effets du plafonnement de carrière sur les manifestations de stress professionnel des employés dans les grandes entreprises camerounaises. Une enquête par questionnaire réalisée auprès de 160 employés de ces entreprises et le test de corrélation de Pearson effectué, a permis d’aboutir aux résultats montrant que le plafonnement de carrière est réelle dans les grandes entreprises camerounaises et n’a pas un effet systématique sur toutes facette du stress professionnel. Toutefois, les employés objectivement plafonnés à leur poste sont très anxieux au sujet de leur avenir dans l’entreprise et ont des vertiges au travail. De plus, ceux qui qui sont subjectivement plafonnés ont des difficultés dans les relations professionnelles et semblent être peu coopératifs aux décisions de l’organisation. Nous recommandons aux dirigeants de ces entreprises de favoriser l’employabilité des personnes plafonnés ; de donner une place importante au suivi-évaluation des pratiques de gestion des carrières implémentées dans leurs entreprises et enfin, d’organiser régulièrement des séminaires d’information et de formation sur la gestion des carrières au sein de l’entreprise.
This study shows the consequences of career plateauing on the professional stress experienced by employees of large companies in Cameroon. A questionnaire survey of 160 employees of these companies and a Pearson correlation test led to the results that career plateauing is real in large Cameroonian companies and does not have a systematic effect on all manifestations of work-related stress. However, employees who have already spent more than six years in their job are very anxious about their future in the company and feel dizzy at work. What's more, those who feel blocked in their progress have more difficulties in their relationships at work and appear to be uncooperative with the company's decisions. We recommend that the managers of these companies promote the employability of people with ceilings; give an important place to the monitoring and evaluation of the career management practices implemented in their companies; and finally, organise regular information and training seminars on career management within the company
Analogy of Glass and Straw: Understanding the Structure and Functions of Mombasa Port in East Africa's Transportation Networks’
Get PDFPorts significantly influence the socio-economic development of any nation or region that depends on them. However, this is usually affected by many factors that render inefficiencies at the ports and along the corridors to the hinterland. This paper is an improved extract from a policy influencing assessment report on the socio-economic impact of operationalizing the standard gauge railway in the Port City of Mombasa to appreciate the ports’ role. The study presents a concise analysis and a sneak preview of what may be considered a rare analysis of this topical issue. The study relied on secondary reports and information on the efficient and effective transport corridors in Eastern Africa. The East Africa region transport corridors consist of two major international corridors, the Northern Corridor and the Central Corridor, which traverse the sub-region, forming a CBTI network, each linking seaports with land-locked countries. A growing enhancement inland connectivity provides land-locked countries with adequate access to ports. The study delves into the ownership structure and development of the Port of Mombasa to address the objective. The study found that the degree of ownership naturally depends on national ideology. Thus, the management by Kenya Ports Authority depicts a public ownership structure. Evidenced also was the role of the Port of Mombasa in cargo movement within the corridors to rail and road networks for inter-land transportation. Mombasa Port Community Charter (the “Charter”) seeks to optimize the full trade potential of the Port of Mombasa, in essence, helping a great deal in making the Port a competitive enabler of the northern transport corridor. Indeed, for a straw to draw well and judge its functionality, the content in the glass must be well prepared for drawing. One cannot blame a water pipe for not piping water efficiently, and the dam must also be functional
E-training Environment for Developing Capstone Teaching Skills for STEM Teachers in Egypt
Get PDFThe research investigated the effectiveness of using an E-training environment in developing Capstone teaching skills among STEM teachers. To achieve the aim of the research, the researchers applied the one groups' quasi-experimental design and utilized three instruments as follows;1) list of the Capstone teaching skills; 2) Pre-Post achievement test developed by the researcher and implemented before and after applying the training content; 3) The observation card to observe acquiring the Capstone teaching skills determined by the researcher and they are two main fields of the needed skills, (EDP Field, and Process management field) comprising eight (8) main skills that are subdivided into sixty four (64) subskills required for the STEM teachers, after applying the training content through the E-training environment. The participants were chosen randomly (N=27) at Obour STEM School Cairo Governorate, Egypt. the researchers selected the quasi-experimental design in terms of the research population, the sample of the research, is one experimental group, and the methodology of the research. The researchers relied on pre-and post-testing procedures applied on the research group, the first test has been posted to the trainees after collecting their responses on the training needs survey or a questionnaire that included 68 questions to identify their needs, the pre-test comprises 70 questions about the 64 sub-skill, then after that the training needs have been determined based on the pre-test results, through a month the training has been held Online on the Microsoft Teams as a main platform, by the end of the training sessions, the trainees have been asked to solve the post-test which is reapplied once again after another month .Therefore, the current research attempted to investigate the effectiveness of using the E-Training environment based on the SOLE technique as (the independent variable) in developing the Capstone teaching skills as (the dependent variable) among STEM teachers. Quantitative results showed that There is statistically significant difference at the level of (a<=0.05) between the pre-test and post- achievement test of the experimental group on developing Capstone teaching achievement of STEM teachers in favor of the post -test. And also, there is statistically significant difference at the level of (a<=0.05) between the pre-test and post- observation card of the experimental group on developing Capstone teaching skills of STEM teachers in favor of the post -test.
So, the researchers recommended employing the E-Training environment based on the SOLE technique in developing the Capstone teaching skills among STEM teachers in Egypt
Diversité Floristique de la Végétation de la Zone Centrale de l’Habitat des Girafes du Niger, Afrique de l’Ouest
Get PDFLa présente étude analyse la flore et la végétation en lien avec les variables environnementales de la zone centrale de l’habitat de la girafe. Les relevés floristiques ont été réalisés dans 60 placettes de 1000 m² et 94 de 2500 m² à l’aide de la méthode de Braun-Blanquet. Au total 103 espèces végétales ont été recensées. Ces espèces sont reparties en 84 genres dans 43 familles botaniques dont la plus importante est celle des Fabaceae (24 %), suivis par les Poaceae (10 %) les Malvaceae (7 %) et les Combretaceae (6 %). La Classification Hiérarchiques Ascendante a permis de distinguer quatre groupements végétaux au seuil de 74,76 % de similarité. Les variables environnementales comme la géomorphologie, la végétation, la texture du sol, l’altitude ont un effet significatif sur la distribution des espèces et la structuration de la végétation. On note aussi une prédominance des Thérophytes et des espèces à large distribution telles que les Paléotropicales et les Pantropicales dans la zone. Ces résultats révèlent le degré d’exploitation de la végétation de la zone par les populations locales et l’aridité du climat sahélien.
This study analyzes the flora and vegetation in relation to the environmental variables of the central zone of the giraffe habitat. Floristic surveys were carried out in 60 plots of 1000 m² and 94 of 2500 m² using the Braun-Blanquet method. A total of 103 plant species have been recorded. These species are divided into 84 genera in 43 botanical families, the most important of which is Fabaceae (9 %), followed by Poaceae Malvaceae (7 %) and Combretaceae (6 %). The Ascending Hierarchical Classification made it possible to distinguish four plant groups at the threshold of 74.76% similarity. Environmental variables such as geomorphology, vegetation, soil texture, and altitude have a significant effect on the distribution of species and the structuring of vegetation. We also note a predominance of Therophytes and widely distributed species such as Paleotropicals and Pantropicals in the zone. These results reveal the degree of exploitation of the vegetation in the area by local populations and the aridity of the Sahelian climate
Emplois des Femmes dans les Provinces de Bujumbura et Gitega au Burundi : Quels Impacts sur les Conditions de vie des Ménages ?
Get PDFAu Burundi comme ailleurs, la femme est vouée à plusieurs occupations dont la participation à l’activité économique. Cette activité est exercée tantôt chez elle au foyer, ce qui est généralement le cas lorsque les enfants sont en bas âge, tantôt en dehors du foyer. L’importance de l’activité économique de la femme peut être analysée à travers la contribution qu’elle apporte au ménage avec pour objectif l’amélioration des conditions de vie du ménage. Cependant, rares sont les travaux qui ont abordé la problématique de l’activité de la femme sous cet aspect au Burundi, d’où la nécessité d’analyser l’influence des facteurs associés à l’emploi de la femme sur les conditions de vie de son ménage. L’objectif de cet article est d’étudier la façon dont les conditions de vie du ménage sont influencées par les caractéristiques liées à l’emploi de la femme dans les provinces de Bujumbura et Gitega au Burundi. A partir des données de l’Enquête intégrée sur les conditions de vie de ménage, (EICVMB -2019/2020), le modèle logit a été utilisé pour mesurer l’effet des facteurs associés à l’emploi de la femme sur les conditions de vie de son ménage. Le secteur d’activité, le temps consacré à l’emploi, le revenu mensuel et le niveau d’instruction de la femme influencent significativement les conditions de vie de son ménage en province Bujumbura et Gitega au Burundi. Les résultats de l’estimation ont révélé que le fait pour une femme d’avoir un revenu élevé ou très élevé accroît la probabilité de son ménage d’être dans des conditions de vie favorables. En outre, le niveau d’instruction de la femme, qui constitue une porte d’entrée sur le marché du travail et d’accès à un emploi de qualité, demeure un facteur important qui influence les conditions de vie de son ménage.
In Burundi as in other countries, women are dedicated to several occupations including participation in economic activity. This activity is sometimes carried out at home, which is generally when the children are young, and sometimes outside the home. The importance of women's economic activity can be analyzed through the contribution they make to the household with the aim of improving the living conditions of the household. However, few works have addressed the problem of women's activity from this aspect in Burundi, hence the need to analyze the influence of factors associated with women's employment on the living conditions of his household. The objective of this article is to study how household living conditions are influenced by characteristics linked to women's employment in Bujumbura and Gitega provinces in Burundi. Using data from the Integrated Survey on Household Living Conditions (EICVMB -2019/2020), the logit model was used to measure the effect of factors associated with women's employment on living conditions. The sector of activity, the time spent on employment, the monthly income and the level of education of the woman significantly influence the living conditions of her household in Bujumbura and Gitega provinces in Burundi. The estimation results showed that woman who has a high or very high income increases the probability of her household being in favorable living conditions. In addition, a woman's level of education, which constitutes a gateway to the labor market and access to quality employment, remains an important factor influencing the living conditions of her household
Gothic Experiences in Jane Eyre, Wuthering Heights, and The Tenant of Wildfell Hall
Get PDFThis paper thoroughly analyses the theme of the gothic imagination in the works of Charlotte, Emily, and Anne Bronte, specifically in Jane Eyre, Wuthering Heights, and The Tenant of Wildfell Hall. The novels portray romantic and sublime scenes with elements of terror, horror, and the uncanny, which intensify the expression of the gothic feelings experienced by the characters. The study also explores women's suffering in the context of gothic thought. Various factors inherent to the gothic genre contribute to the 19th-century readers’ fascination with the supernatural and thrilling emotions. This work explores gothic experiences depicted in novels using gothic tropes and critical approaches such as Marxism, feminism, or psychoanalysis. The use of the framing narrative technique remains a distinctive aspect of this study which worthily includes The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, a book that many critics have wrongly overlooked when interpreting the Bronte sisters’ novels in the light of the gothic trend. The analysis considers the common gothic features that characterize the novels, rather than treating them separately. This reinforces and enhances the scope of the analysis of the Gothic vision of these Victorian novelists
Perspectives and Challenges of the Labor Market in the City of Escárcega: Supply and Demand
Get PDFThe labor market consists of two parts: supply refers to the availability of jobs and employment opportunities in an economy, and demand refers to the number of people willing to work in a specific area or sector that are related to various factors such as employee productivity, wages, and labor law. The objective of this research is to identify the balance between labor supply and demand, as well as to know the current situation within the labor market in the city of Escárcega. For this reason, a quantitative method with a descriptive approach was used, where a questionnaire with a Lickert scale was used as an instrument, applied to a sample of companies in the retail trade sector, where the results of each one could be obtained, representing them through graphs. It was concluded that the majority of the companies surveyed believe that the jobs they offer meet the local demand for employment and meet the necessary requirements. Although there is a small percentage of positions that do not always meet these requirements. The diversity of companies in the city provides varied job options, allowing people to choose between different work alternatives. In particular, the food sector is perceived as the most in demand, although there are opportunities in other sectors as well. In conclusion, there are positions available in retail companies due to the high demand for employment in this sector
Buried treasures and ancient forges: a historical analysis of mines and ironworks in the Stilaro Valley
Get PDFThis study aims to delve into the mines and ironworks of the Stilaro Valley and the ancient ironworking processes that occurred there. Up until the late 19th century, the area encompassing the municipalities of Bivongi, Pazzano, Stilo, Fabrizia, Mongiana, and Guardavalle stood as one of southern Italy's foremost centers for iron production and mining. Drawing upon archaeological, historical, and archival sources, this research seeks to enrich our comprehension of the economic and industrial activities that define this region. Utilizing techniques such as direct source study and cross-referencing with literature on the subject, this investigation has consulted archival documents stored in the State Archives of Naples and the State Archives of Catanzaro. The historical and geological backdrop of the Stilaro Valley furnishes an insight into its mineral wealth and the intricate mining and ironworking undertakings spanning centuries. Historical evidence, bolstered by significant discoveries, suggests an ancient tradition of metalworking in the area, with its influence extending into Magna Graecia. The scrutiny of mines and ironworks unveils a nuanced dynamic of adaptation and interaction among ancient communities, whose migrations and settlements were shaped by the natural resources and economic prospects offered by the region. The significance of mines and ironworks transcends mere economic and industrial development; they also profoundly influenced the cultural and social fabric of ancient and medieval Calabria. Initiatives like the Ecomuseum of the Ironworks and Foundries of Calabria underscore the imperative of conserving and promoting this historical and industrial legacy for generations to come