European Scientific Journal, ESJ
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Désacralisation des forêts et altération des ressources thérapeutiques et du bien-être des populations dans le massif forestier de Deng Deng (Est-Cameroun)
Get PDFLa présente étude analyse les effets pervers de la dynamique de gestion des forêts sur les stratégies endogènes de préservation et de pérennisation des ressources médicinales. Adossée sur une approche qualitative, la collecte de données s’appuie sur deux techniques : les entretiens semi directifs et les discussions de groupe conduits auprès de 80 acteurs sélectionnés au moyen d’un échantillonnage à choix raisonné, tous impliqués dans l’exploitation et la préservation des ressources forestières. À partir d’une analyse de contenu de type thématique et d’une interprétation des données recueillies suivant la théorie dynamiste de Balandier, on parvient à deux principaux résultats : premièrement, la gestion durable des ressources thérapeutiques se fait par le biais de l’éducation relative à l’environnement et la sacralisation des ressources thérapeutiques. Deuxièmement, de par son caractère déterministe, la dynamique de gestion des forêts dans le massif de Deng Deng, participe à la désuétude des stratégies de préservation des forêts et ses ressources thérapeutiques. Toute chose qui concoure à la dégradation progressive des forêts tout en compromettant le bien-être et la santé des populations.
This study analyzes the perverse effects of forest management dynamics on the endogenous mechanisms of preservation and sustainability of medicinal resources. Based on a qualitative approach, the data collection is based on two techniques: semi-structured interviews and group discussions conducted with 80 stakeholders selected by means of a purposive sampling, all of whom are involved in the exploitation and conservation of forest resources. Based on a thematic content analysis and an interpretation of the data collected in accordance with Balandier's dynamic theory, we arrived at two main results: First, sustainable management of therapeutic resources is achieved through environmental education and the sacralization of therapeutic resources. Secondly, because of its deterministic nature, the dynamics of forest management in the Deng Deng Massif contribute to the obsolescence of forest preservation strategies and its therapeutic resources. All this contributes to the progressive degradation of the forests while compromising the well-being and health of the populations
De la logistique militaire au Supply Chain Management : évolution historique, transformations industrielles et innovations technologiques
Get PDFCet article retrace de manière chronologique et analytique l’évolution du concept de logistique, depuis ses origines militaires jusqu’à son intégration dans les modèles de gestion contemporaine, marqués par la digitalisation et la globalisation. D’abord fonction tactique destinée à soutenir les armées, la logistique s’est progressivement étendue au domaine économique, devenant un pilier organisationnel des entreprises durant l’ère industrielle. À partir des années 1970, sous l’effet des mutations de la demande, des chocs pétroliers et de la mondialisation, elle se transforme en un système intégré : la chaîne logistique (Supply Chain), puis en gouvernance stratégique via le Supply Chain Management. L’étude met en lumière trois grandes phases d’évolution logistique (séparée, intégrée, coopérée) et souligne l’impact majeur des révolutions industrielles - notamment la 4.0 et 5.0 - sur la refonte des processus logistiques. Enfin, l’analyse présente les catalyseurs technologiques (IA, IoT, Big Data, Blockchain, Cloud, exosquelettes) qui redéfinissent aujourd’hui les paradigmes de performance, de résilience et de durabilité logistique.
This article chronologically and analytically traces the evolution of the concept of logistics, from its military origins to its integration into contemporary management models, marked by digitalization and globalization. Initially, a tactical function intended to support armies, logistics gradually expanded into the economic sphere, becoming an organizational pillar of companies during the industrial era. Beginning in the 1970s, driven by shifts in demand, oil shocks, and globalization, it transformed into an integrated system: the supply chain, and then into strategic governance via Supply Chain Management. The study highlights three major phases of logistics evolution (separate, integrated, cooperative) and highlights the major impact of industrial revolutions, particularly 4.0 and 5.0, on the redesign of logistics processes. Finally, the analysis presents the technological catalysts (AI, IoT, Big Data, Blockchain, Cloud, exoskeletons) that are today redefining the paradigms of performance, resilience, and logistics sustainability
Healing Addiction at Its Core: Insight into Resolving the Subconscious Drivers of Cravings and Compulsions
Get PDFBackground: Addiction remains a persistent challenge in psychology and neuroscience, with high relapse rates despite various treatments. Conventional models often manage symptoms without addressing the suppressed emotional states and subconscious narratives that sustain compulsive behaviors. This study investigates the impact of restructuring subconscious belief systems through a pioneering methodology: Quantum Leap Technique (QLT), which employs structured linguistic interventions to systematically surface, deconstruct, and replace internal narratives with self-affirming beliefs in combination with an internal locus of control. Methods: Twenty individuals participated in QLT sessions for non-addiction-related concerns, such as self-worth, career challenges, health concerns, and emotional well-being. Despite addiction not being their primary focus, all participants reported significant changes in their relationships with addictive substances and compulsive behaviors. A survey with Likert-scale assessments and open-ended questions evaluated addiction-related experiences post-intervention. Results: Participants reported reduced compulsive behaviors, cravings, and emotional distress, with an increased sense of self-regulation. QLT facilitated shifts in self-narratives, promoting resilience and self-determination. The breadth of addiction types - including substance use, food cravings, and behavioral compulsions - highlights the intervention's broad applicability. Discussion: Findings suggest that addiction is driven by subconscious programming and unresolved trauma rather than solely biochemical dependency. By transforming self-perception and belief systems, QLT facilitated meaningful behavioral change. Limitations include a small sample size and reliance on self-reported data. Future research should explore diverse populations, those actively seeking treatment for these self-destructive behaviors, and objective outcome measures. Conclusion: This study supports language transformation and subconscious restructuring as critical components of addiction recovery, encouraging further research into integrative treatment models that address core belief systems for sustainable healing
Connaissance, attitude et pratique des patients vis-à-vis de l’HVB à Bangui
Get PDFIntroduction : dans le monde et en Centrafrique l l’hépatite virale B est l'une des principales causes des maladies graves (cirrhose du foie et carcinome hépatocellulaire) ; la sensibilisation, la connaissance représentent des moyens essentiels pour lutter contre cette affection. Objectif: Evaluer les connaissances, attitudes et pratiques des patients concernant l’hépatite virale B, et déterminer les facteurs associés aux bonnes connaissances sur cette maladie. Patients et méthode : Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale et descriptive de janvier à décembre 2023 au Laboratoire d’Analyse Médicale de l’Institut Pasteur de Bangui. Étaient inclus les patients adressés à l’institut pasteur de Bangui pour des analyses comportant le diagnostic de l’hépatite Résultats au total, 365 personnes sur 1049 ont répondu aux questions dont 445 porteurs AgHbs (antigène de surface du virus de l’hépatite b), sur les 365, 210 ont entendu parler de l’hépatite B dont 107 à la radio soit 50,9% et 1es autre l’ont entendu soit à l’hôpital ou lors de sensibilisation. Deux cents soixante Cinque (72,6%) ne savaient pas ce que c’est que l’hépatite B, 297 (81,3%) ne connaissaient pas les moyens de prévention, 266 ne savaient pas les facteurs de risques. Parmi les porteurs d’antigènesHBs 371 étaient du niveau supérieur et 50 du secondaire. Le multiple partenaire sexuel était de 118 sur les 445 soit 26,5%. Conclusion : l’hépatite virale b demeure un véritable problème de santé publique, en Centrafrique l’ignorance est la cause principale. Une action nationale de grande envergure est recommandée et urgente.
Introduction: Worldwide and in the Central African Republic, viral hepatitis B is one of the leading causes of serious illnesses (liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma); awareness and knowledge are essential means to combat this disease. Objective: To assess patients' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding viral hepatitis B, and determine the factors associated with good knowledge of this disease. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted from January to December 2023 at the Medical Analysis Laboratory of the Institut Pasteur in Bangui. Patients referred to the Institut Pasteur in Bangui for testing, including the diagnosis of hepatitis, were included. Results: A total of 365 out of 1,049 people responded to the questions, including 445 HBsAg (hepatitis B virus surface antigen) carriers. Of the 365, 210 had heard of hepatitis B, including 107. On the radio, 50.9%, and the other 1st heard it either in the hospital or during awareness-raising sessions. Two hundred and sixty-five (72.6%) did not know what hepatitis B was, 297 (81.3%) did not know the means of prevention, and 266 did not know the risk factors. Among the HBs antigen carriers, 371 were in higher education and 50 in secondary education. Multiple sexual partners were 118 out of 445, or 26.5%. Conclusion: Viral hepatitis B remains a real public health problem; in the Central African Republic, ignorance is the main cause. Large-scale national action is recommended and urgent
Poverty in the 21st Century: A Critique of Dominant Paradigms and Alternative Perspectives for Developing Countries - The Case of Morocco
Get PDFThis article critically examines why poverty persists despite three decades of prioritized anti-poverty policies, particularly in developing countries like Morocco. It argues that conceptual and epistemological limitations of dominant poverty paradigms constrain policy effectiveness when addressing cumulative socio-economic challenges. Through a critical analysis of poverty conceptualizations and their evolution, the paper deconstructs implicit assumptions underlying anti-poverty policies, revealing significant blind spots: the myth of automatic inclusive growth, technocratic depoliticization of poverty issues, and underestimation of structural factors. Morocco serves as an illustrative case study, demonstrating how, despite notable progress in reducing monetary poverty, persistent vulnerabilities and inequalities reveal the limitations of conventional approaches. The article proposes reconceptualizing poverty through relational and political perspectives that acknowledge power structures and systemic factors, advocating for transformative rather than compensatory policies. For Morocco specifically, this implies rethinking the social contract, strengthening local solidarity innovations, and balancing institutional reforms with social mobilization to achieve sustainable socio-economic transformation
Invagination intestinale chronique chez des enfants de 13 et 8 ans : cas cliniques
Get PDFL’invagination intestinale chronique (IIC) est une forme rare de pathologie digestive, surtout chez les enfants plus âgés et les adolescents. Elle se manifeste par des douleurs abdominales intermittentes et non spécifiques, ce qui en complique le diagnostic. Cette étude rapporte deux cas cliniques d’IIC chez un adolescent de 13 ans et un enfant de 8 ans, tous deux hospitalisés au CHU de Kara au Togo. Les deux patients présentaient des douleurs abdominales évoluant depuis plusieurs semaines, associées à une altération de l’état général et une dénutrition. L’échographie abdominale a permis d’identifier l’invagination, confirmée ensuite par une laparotomie. Dans les deux cas, une invagination iléo-caeco-colique avec zones de nécrose intestinale a été observée, nécessitant une résection intestinale suivie d’une anastomose. L’évolution postopératoire a été favorable, et l’analyse histologique n’a révélé aucune lésion maligne. Ces observations soulignent la nécessité d’évoquer une IIC devant des douleurs abdominales récurrentes chez les enfants plus âgés, même en l’absence de symptômes classiques. Le diagnostic précoce repose sur l’imagerie, et la chirurgie demeure le traitement de référence, surtout dans les contextes de ressources limitées.
Chronic intestinal intussusception (CII) is a rare form of digestive pathology, particularly in older children and adolescents. It presents with intermittent and nonspecific abdominal pain, which makes the diagnosis challenging. This study reports two clinical cases of CII: one in a 13-year-old adolescent and the other in an 8-year-old child, both hospitalized at the University Hospital of Kara in Togo. Both patients had been experiencing abdominal pain for several weeks, accompanied by general deterioration and malnutrition. Abdominal ultrasound allowed identification of the intussusception, which was then confirmed via laparotomy. In both cases, ileocecocolic intussusception with areas of intestinal necrosis was observed, requiring intestinal resection followed by an anastomosis. Postoperative recovery was favorable, and histological analysis revealed no malignant lesions. These cases highlight the importance of considering CII in the differential diagnosis of recurrent abdominal pain in older children, even in the absence of classic symptoms. Early diagnosis relies on imaging, and surgery remains the treatment of choice, particularly in low-resource settings
The Application of Anti-Abuse Provisions to Inheritance and Gift Tax Law using the Example of German Inheritance and Gift Tax
Get PDFMost tax systems have explicit or case-law-based anti-abuse provisions. In Germany, such a regulation was legally standardized in § 42 AO. In the past, literature and case law in this context have mostly dealt with cases from income tax law. However, as will be shown below, anti-abuse legislation also plays an important role in inheritance and gift tax law. Special features arise here, above all, from the different taxation depending on the degree of kinship, which is not known in the income tax law and benefits for business assets in § 13a ErbStG. The aim of the article is to investigate the application of the general anti-abuse provision to inheritance tax law by analyzing legal literature and case law. Findings show that there is only very little literature or case law that explicitly deals with the topic. Nevertheless, as result, it can be stated that general anti-abuse provisions are, without limitation, applicable to inheritance and gift tax law and have high practical relevance. 
Desert Locust Decision Support for Improved Agriculture Production
Get PDFThe desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) is widely considered to be the most dangerous migratory pest species due to its rapid reproductive capacity, long-distance migration potential, and devastating impact on agriculture and ecosystems. In addition, desert locust populations have increased rapidly, and swarms have invaded eleven countries in West Africa, severely disrupting agricultural production in vulnerable areas already facing security challenges. Timely and accurate information on the desert locust through remote sensing is critical for effectively managing and improving agricultural production, especially in West Africa, where such information is scarce. The objective of this work is to enhance the monitoring and prevention efforts against desert locust outbreaks by integrating remote sensing and decision-support tools. The tool identifies locust development and gregarization zones in order to assess the risk of outbreaks and support decision-making processes. It combines a model on the presence or absence of transient phases of the species, biotope ecological conditions, and gregarization thresholds for both juveniles and flying adults. In this paper, the Google Earth Engine platform is used to monitor eco-meteorological conditions in key desert locust survival and breeding areas using high-resolution geospatial data. The improvement initiative covers certain aspects of the user interface, real-time data updates, and a fully operational set of eco-climatic indices impacting locust multiplication. These advancements contribute to a more robust decision-support system for locust early warning and control in West Africa