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Connaissances, Attitudes et Pratiques de la Dépigmentation Cosmétique Volontaire des Jeunes Filles en Milieu Scolaire et Universitaire du Département des Collines au Bénin
Get PDFIntroduction : La pratique de la dépigmentation cosmétique volontaire est de plus en plus adoptée par les jeunes filles. Ce phénomène de " mode " révèle un certain aspect socio-anthropologique qui assimile la couleur noire de la peau à une vision négative et inférieure de l'être humain.
Objectif: l’objectif est de comprendre ce qui motive les jeunes filles scolarisées à s’adonner à une telle pratique plus spécifquement d‘évaluer leurs connaissances, attitudes et pratiques face à la dépigmentation.
Méthode : Il s'agit d'une étude transversale réalisée entre Avril et Mai 2023 qui a concerné 1039 étudiantes des écoles et universités du département des Collines sélectionnées par sondage aléatoire simple à plusieurs degrés.
Résultats : La moitié des filles enquêtées savaient que la dépigmentation est l’utilisation de produits chimiques dans le but d’éclaircir la peau. Pour la plupart (82,9%) d’entre elles, la couleur de la peau était une représentation de critère de beauté. Une femme à peau claire avait plus de valeur qu’une femme à peau noire selon 43,0% des enquêtées. 78,2% avaient adopté la pratique de la dépigmentation volontaire et le rythme d’application était biquotidien chez 70,6% d’entre elles. La principale motivation des filles était d’uniformiser le teint.
Conclusion : La dépigmentations est un phénomene bien connu des élèves et étudiantes du département des collines. La plupart des enquêtées pratique la dépigmentation et le critère de beauté est utilisé pour justifier le phénomène.
Introduction: the practice of voluntary cosmetic depigmentation is increasingly adopted by young girls. This "fashion" phenomenon reveals a certain socio-anthropological aspect that assimilates the black color of the skin to a negative and inferior vision of the human being.
Objective: was to understand what motivates young girls at school to engage in such a practice more specifically evaluate their knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding depigmentation.
Method: This is a cross-sectional study carried out between April and May 2023 which involved 1039 female students from schools and universities in the Collines department selected by simple multistage random sampling.
Results: Half the girls surveyed knew that depigmentation is the use of chemicals to lighten the skin. For the majority (82.9%) of them, skin color was a representation of beauty criteria. A light-skinned woman was more valuable than a dark-skinned woman, according to 43.0% of respondents. 78.2% have adopted the practice of voluntary depigmentation, and 70.6% of them apply their products twice a day. The girls' main motivation was to even out their skin color.
Conclusion: Depigmentation is well known among pupils and students in the hill district. Most of those surveyed practice depigmentation and the criterion of beauty is used to justify the phenomenon
Impact de la Restauration des Zones Dégradées sur la Diversité Floristique de la Forêt Classée d’Agbo 2 en Côte d’Ivoire
Get PDFLa présente étude, menée dans la forêt classée d’Agbo 2 d’une superficie de 4705 hectares, est située au Centre-Est de la Côte d’Ivoire. Cette étude a pour objectif d’améliorer les connaissances sur la valeur écologique de la forêt classée d’Agbo 2. Pour ce faire, des dispositifs d’échantillonnage surfaciques ont été installés et des inventaires itinérants ont été réalisés. Ces deux méthodes ont permis de recenser 121 espèces végétales dont 13 sont des espèces vulnérables inscrites sur la liste rouge de l’UICN. La flore du stade mature des plantations de Teck et de Gmélina ressemble à celle des forêts enrichies avec le Fraké, qui ajoutée aux forêts enrichies avec le Bété sont similaires floristiquement avec les forêts naturelles. De parmi les zones restaurées, les forêts enrichies en espèces locales (Bété et Fraké) sont plus riches et plus diversifiées que les plantations avec les espèces exotiques (Teck et Gmélina). Les forêts dégradées et les zones de restauration abritent des espèces qui doivent être pris en considération lors des études, car elles représentent un écosystème avec une large gamme d’espèces ayant d’importantes valeurs pour le bien-être des populations. La restauration des espaces dégradés par enrichissement serait la méthode appropriée pour un retour à la végétation originelle.
This study was carried out in the 4705 hectare Agbo 2 classified forest in central-eastern Côte d'Ivoire. The aim of the study was to improve knowledge of the ecological value of the Agbo 2 classified forest by installing surface sampling devices and carrying out itinerant inventories. These two methods were used to identify 121 plant species, 13 of which are vulnerable species on the IUCN red list. The flora of the mature stage of Teak and Gmélina plantations resembles that of forests enriched with Fraké, which, in addition to forests enriched with Bété, are floristically similar to natural forests. Among the restored areas, the forests enriched with local species (Bété and Fraké) are richer and more diverse than the plantations with exotic species (Teak and Gmélina). Degraded forests and restoration areas harbor species that should be taken into account in the studies, as they represent an ecosystem with a wide range of species with important values for the well-being of populations. Restoring degraded areas by enrichment would be the appropriate method for a return to the original vegetation
Evaluation de la Qualité de l’Eau du lac Azili et Risques Sanitaires Associés à sa Consommation dans le Quatrième Arrondissement de la Commune de Zagnanado (Sud Bénin)
Get PDFL’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer la qualité de l’eau du lac Azili ainsi que les risques sanitaires liés à sa consommation dans le quatrième arrondissement de Zagnanado. Les enquêtes de terrains ont été effectuées pour prendre connaissance du degré d’hygiène et d’assainissement sur l’île d’Agonvè et des éventuelles sources de pollution du dit lac. La taille de l’échantillon (50) a été déterminée conformément à la méthode de Schwartz (2002). Quant à l’échantillonnage, six sites ont été essentiellement échantillonnés en tenant compte des endroits les plus fréquentés par la population. Les analyses physico-chimiques effectuées en utilisant la spectrophotométrie et la méthode colorimétrique indiquent des valeurs non conformes aux normes béninoises des eaux de consommation et aux normes NQE des eaux de surface montrant ainsi une mauvaise qualité de la ressource en eau. La filtration sur membrane et l’ensemencement par incorporation ont été utilisés dans le cadre des analyses bactériologiques dont les résultats révèlent une forte charge en Coliformes totaux ( en moyenne 155,33 UFC/Ml) thermotolérants (en moyenne 24 UFC/mL) et Escherichia coli (en moyenne 39,66). Les eaux du lac Azili sont donc polluées du point de vue physico-chimique et bactériologique. L'amélioration des conditions d’hygiène et de l'assainissement sur l’île d’Agonvè est cruciale pour une bonne santé de la population mais aussi pour la préservation de cette ressource en eau.
The objective of this study is to evaluate the quality of the water of Lake Azili as well as the health risks linked to its consumption in the fourth district of Zagnanado. Field surveys were carried out to understand the degree of hygiene and sanitation on the island of Agonvè and possible sources of pollution in the said lake. The sample size (50) was determined according to the method of Schwartz (2002). As for sampling, six sites were essentially sampled taking into account the places most frequented by the population. The physico-chemical analyzes carried out using the spectrophotometer method and the colorimetric method indicate values that do not comply with Beninese standards for drinking water as well as the NQE standard for surface water, thus indicating poor quality of the water resource. Membrane filtration and seeding by incorporation were used as part of the bacteriological analyses, the results of which revealed a high load of total Coliforms (on average 155.33 CFU/Ml) which were thermotolerant (on average 24 CFU/mL) and Escherichia coli (average 39.66). The waters of Lake Azili are therefore polluted from a physicochemical and bacteriological point of view. Improving hygiene and sanitation conditions on the island of Agonvè is crucial for the good health of the population but also for the preservation of this water resource
Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Landfill Workers
Get PDFIntroduction: Landfill workers are frequently exposed to a multitude of deleterious factors that can adversely affect their health. These include environmental contaminants such as dioxins, furans, biogas, and heavy metals, as well as occupational hazards like noise, vibration, and extreme temperatures.
Aims and Scope: This pilot study, conducted at the Integrated Solid Waste Management Facility of Fili (OEDA Filis), aimed to measure environmental risk parameters and assess their effects on the cardiovascular health of workers.
Method: Data collection involved questionnaires to record personal history and job positions, clinical examinations, and blood lipid tests. Cardiovascular risk (Heart Score) was evaluated based on standards set by the Hellenic Heart Association, which incorporated the Heart Score using Greek data.
Results: The majority of employees at OEDA Filis were married men from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, with 77% reporting no chronic health issues and self-assessing their health status as good. Most subjects had body mass indices categorized as either normal or overweight. Environmental assessments identified elevated concentrations of PM10 and phenanthrene in the workplace, though levels of benzo(a)pyrene and naphthalene were within safety thresholds. About 21% of the workforce was identified as being at considerable risk for cardiovascular disease. No statistically significant correlation was found between the Heart Score and job positions (p = 0.3), indicating that occupational role alone does not predict cardiovascular risk. However, elevated Heart Scores were more frequently observed among positions with greater exposure to environmental and occupational hazards. Conversely, office workers, who had reduced exposure to exhaust, noise, and air pollutants, exhibited lower Heart Scores. A univariate analysis showed a significant association between occupational stress and Heart Score (p = 0.037); workers under high stress had significantly lower levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (p = 0.006). Additionally, a significant correlation existed between the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and lower Heart Score risk index values (p = 0.012), highlighting the protective impact of PPE in mitigating cardiovascular risk among exposed workers.
Conclusion: This study enhances understanding of the associations between cardiovascular risk and exposure to environmental and occupational hazards at landfill sites. It underscores the critical need to establish a specialized observatory for continuous monitoring of occupational health and safety at these locations. Such an observatory should include regular health assessments for workers and systematic monitoring of environmental pollutants. Furthermore, the study advocates for initiatives aimed at improving the cardiovascular health of landfill workers, underscoring their necessity in this high-risk occupational environment
Conducta Alimentaria de Estudiantes de una Universidad Pública durante el Confinamiento COVID-19 en Querétaro
Get PDFIntroducción. El confinamiento por COVID-19 debido a la pandemia, provocó impactos en diferentes ámbitos, uno de ellos fue la alimentación. Objetivo. Describir los hábitos alimenticios de estudiantes de una Universidad Pública en relación al confinamiento por COVID-19 del año 2022 mediante la aplicación de cuestionarios, con la finalidad de obtener información actual del fenómeno de estudio. Metodología. Estudio cuantitativo de tipo transversal descriptivo, aplicado por conveniencia a 50 estudiantes sin distinción de sexo de la Licenciatura en Educación Física y Ciencias del Deporte (LEFyCD), de una población de 315 personas. Se utilizó el “Cuestionario de Comportamiento Alimentario” de Márquez, 2014, que consta de 56 ítems, con Alfa de Cronbach 0.98. Los datos se analizaron mediante el programa estadístico SPSS v.26, obteniendo porcentajes, frecuencias, promedios y moda. Se cuidaron los aspectos éticos de la investigación. Resultados. De los 50 universitarios, se obtuvo que el 54% son hombres con una media de edad de 21.3 ± 2.6. el 62% consume bebidas alcohólicas. La mayoría de los participantes realizan actividad física todos los días; más de la mitad consideró que su peso cambió durante los últimos meses. Durante la pandemia el 40% cuido de su salud física y su alimentación respectivamente. Conclusión. Se puede apreciar que la mayoría de los estudiantes mantuvieron durante la pandemia una adecuada alimentación y actividad física. Sin embargo, esta conducta no aplica en toda la población universitaria, por lo que habría que realizar más estudios.
Introduction. The confinement by COVID-19 due to the pandemic caused impacts in different areas, one of them was feeding. Objective. To describe the eating habits of students in a public university in relation to the COVID-19 confinement of the year 2022 through the application of questionnaires, in order to obtain current information of the study phenomenon. Methodology. Quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study, applied by convenience to 50 students without distinction of sex of the “Licenciatura de Educacion Fisica y Ciencias del Deporte” (LEFyCD), from a population of 315 people. The "Eating Behavior Questionnaire" of Márquez, 2014, consisting of 56 items, with Cronbach's Alpha 0.98, was used. The data were analyzed using the SPSS v.26 statistical program, obtaining percentages, frequencies, averages and mode. Results. Of the 50 university students, 54% were men with a mean age of 21.3 ± 2.6. 62% consumed alcoholic beverages. Most of the participants are physically active every day; more than half of them considered that their weight changed during the last months. During the pandemic 40% took care of their physical health and diet respectively. Conclusion. It can be seen that most of the students maintained adequate nutrition and physical activity during the pandemic. However, this behavior does not apply to the entire university population, so further studies should be conducted
Indicateurs Floristiques de la Conservation de la Biodiversité dans la Réserve Partielle de Faune de Dosso (RPFD) à l’Ouest du Niger
Get PDFAu Niger, les aires protégées subissent de plus en plus un processus de dégradation lié aux impacts de variabilité et changement climatiques couplés aux activités humaines. C’est dans ce contexte que la présente étude a été conduite dans la Réserve Partielle de Faune de Dosso (RPFD) qui couvre une superficie de 551 480 ha. La RPFD est située à cheval entre la région de Dosso et celle de Tillabéry au Niger. L’objectif est d’identifier les indicateurs floristiques de gestion durable des ressources naturelles. Ainsi quatre villages situés dans la réserve ont été soumis à un échantillonnage par transects radiaires et les placettes d’inventaires ont été disposées à des intervalle réguliers dans la végétation. Les données issues de 62 relevés phytosociologiques réalisés selon la méthode sigmatiste de Braun-Blanquet ont permis d’inventorier 146 espèces dont 101 herbacées et 45 ligneuses ; appartenant à 107 genres reparties en 41 familles dont les principales sont : les Fabaceae (21,92 %) et les Poaceae (14,38 %). Les types biologiques les plus abondants sont les Thérophytes (42,06 %) suivis des Microphanérophytes (22,06 %). La chorologie de la flore est caractérisée par des espèces à distribution Soudanienne avec 22,06 % suivies des espèces Paléotropicales 19,31 %. Quatre groupements végétaux tous diversifiées ont été discriminer à travers la classification hiérarchique ascendante (CHA). Il ressort de l’évaluation de l’état actuel que la phytodiversité de la Réserve Partielle de Faune de Dosso à une flore particulièrement riche avec une diversité intra-groupe importante. Cette flore est dominée par des espèces herbacées annuelles et présente une physionomie arbustive. Ces résultats tant exploitables peuvent servir de base de données pour une meilleure préservation de la flore de la Réserve Partielle de Faune de Dosso.
In Niger, protected areas are increasingly undergoing a process of degradation linked to the impacts of climate variability and change coupled with human activities. It is in this context that the present study was carried out in the Dosso Partial Wildlife Reserve (RPFD) which covers an area of 551,480 ha. The RPFD is located between the Dosso and Tillabéry regions of Niger. The objective is to identify floristic indicators of sustainable management of natural resources. Thus, four villages located in the reserve were subjected to sampling by radial transects and the inventory plots were arranged at regular intervals in the vegetation. Data from 62 phytosociological surveys carried out using the Braun-Blanquet sigmatist method made it possible to inventory 146 species including 101 herbaceous and 45 woody; belonging to 107 genera divided into 41 families, the main ones of which are: Fabaceae (21.92%) and Poaceae (14.38%). The most abundant biological types are Therophytes (42.06%) followed by Microphanerophytes (22.06%). The chorology of the flora is characterized by species with a Sudanian distribution of 22.06% followed by Paleotropical species 19.31%. Four plant groups, all diverse, were discriminated against through ascending hierarchical classification (CHA). The evaluation of the current state of phytodiversity of the Dosso Partial Fauna Reserve reveals a particularly rich flora with significant intra-group diversity. This flora is dominated by annual herbaceous species and has a shrubby appearance. These exploitable results can serve as a database for better preservation of the flora of the Dosso Partial Fauna Reserve
Exploration of the Relationship between Organizational Culture and Its Performance in the Bangladeshi Microfinance Sector with Organizational Innovation as a Mediating Factor
Get PDFThis study aims to explore the relationship between organizational culture and organizational performance, whereas organizational innovation is focused on as a mediating variable in the microfinance organization in Bangladesh. The current study looks at organizational culture, covering mission, employee involvement, and adaptability. Organizational performance is defined by four variables: productivity, effectiveness, efficiency, and quality, while organizational innovation is determined by four variables: innovation strategy, intellectual capital, new process development, and new product development. The study used a self-administered questionnaire using a five-point Likert scale. The data were collected from 300 middle and senior managers and considered Bangladesh's top fifty microfinance organizations. The hypotheses and connections between the constructs were empirically tested using structural equation modeling (SEM) along with the partial least squares (PLS) approach. The findings indicate that organizational culture positively affects organizational innovation and firm performance. Organizational innovation has a strong positive impact on organizational performance. On the other hand, organizational innovation mediates the indirect relationship between organizational culture and performance. The study's findings indicate that executives, entrepreneurs, and policy developers should focus on business culture and organizational innovation in addition to increasing efficiency and maintaining a competitive advantage
Politics of Secularism in Ethiopia: Repression or Co-option towards the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido Church?
Get PDFSecularism in Ethiopia has not been practiced as stipulated in the 1995 Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE): separation of state and religion. Instead, consecutive regimes, since the introduction of secularism, have employed a tactic of co-option and repression towards the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido Church (EOTC) to meet their political objectives. This research article addresses the nature and manifestation of government intervention in the EOTC through either co-option and/or repression, with a special emphasis on the post-2018 regime. The study argues de-facto secularism in Ethiopia is far from the essence of separation of state and religion; it is a new version of religion industriously implemented by governments to upgrade the Orthodox Church in a way that fits with the political system. The secular regimes co-opted and repressed the church conditionally at any cost to the institution through a Machiavellian approach. The study also finds that the prosperity-led regime was actively involved in the internal affairs of the church in the early days through co-option in the name of reconciliation with the exile synod. In the later days, via repression, massive killings of orthodox followers, burning of churches, and restrictions on the church's annual ceremony, as in the case of Epiphany and Meskel (Demera), the regime oppressed the church
Dynamique des ressources au cours des 32 dernières années [1990-2022] dans la zone de FAKARA (Sud-Ouest du Niger)
Get PDFLa population nigérienne est estimée à 17138707 habitants dont environ 83,78% vivent en milieu rural. Les systèmes agraires ont pendant longtemps été dominés par une exploitation des ressources naturelles comme moyens de subsistance de cette population. Depuis la décennie 1990, on assiste à un amenuisement de ces ressources dont les causes sont liées à la pression anthropique et aux effets du changement climatique. L’objectif de cette étude est d’analyser la dynamique des ressources humaines, animales et naturelles, à partir des années 1990 et les modes de gestion qui en découlent au niveau de la zone du Fakara dans le Sud-Ouest du Niger. Pour mener cette analyse, une enquête a été menée auprès d’un échantillon composé de 354 chefs d’exploitation. Cette enquête a été conduite dans 17 villages repartis dans la zone d’étude. Les données ont été collectées au moyen de questionnaires adressés aux chefs d’exploitation sur les ressources et leur état suivant un recul historique de trente ans.
L’étude révèle que la tendance à l’amenuisement des ressources naturelles notamment l’eau, la terre, les ressources forestières. La population et les ressources animales connaissent une augmentation en lien avec l’accroissement démographique générale et l’importance que révèle la pratique de l’élevage dans cette zone.
The population of Niger is estimated at 17,138,707 inhabitants, of whom about 83.78% live in rural areas. Agrarian systems have long been dominated by the exploitation of natural resources as the means of subsistence for the population. Since the 1990s, we have been witnessing a reduction in these resources whose causes are linked to anthropogenic pressure and the effects of climate change.
The objective of this study is to analyze the dynamics of human, animal and natural resources, during the 1990s at the Fakara area. To conduct this analysis, an investigation took place with a sample made up of 354 chiefs of farm. This survey was conducted in 17 villages left in the study area. The data was collected by means of questionnaires addressed to operating heads on resources and their state following a historic decline.
The population and animal resources are experiencing an increase in connection with the general demographic increase and the importance of the practice of farming in this area
The Impact of the EU Engagement in Serbia and Albania During the First Wave of the COVID-19
Get PDFAlongside cooperation and competition, solidarity is a fundamental value of the European Union, the foundation of the Schuman Declaration, and one of the EU's sustaining pillars. The COVID-19 pandemic tested the value of European solidarity; however, amid this unprecedented crisis, the EU initially failed to determine the most appropriate course of action. This provoked a strong reaction within the European Union and affected the EU's position in the Western Balkans as a soft power. The EU's lack of action and the ban on the export of medical supplies caused instantaneous adverse reactions in the region, Serbia in particular.
The paper's purpose is to describe the consequences for Serbia and Albania of the lack of solidarity that characterized the initial surge of the pandemic. The two countries were selected based on their dissimilar foreign policies, the influence of other actors such as China and Serbia, and public opinion concerning European integration. Albania has consistently demonstrated strong support for the European concept, but this support has declined in Serbia in recent years.
In addition, the paper examines the distinct effects of Russia's and China's actions during the pandemic in Albania and Serbia, respectively. Furthermore, the paper analyses the significant European intervention and aid in Serbia and Albania.
Additionally, the study investigates the outcomes of the Balkan Barometer surveys conducted in 2020 and 2021 to assess the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on support for European integration in Albania and Serbia. It also incorporates various official statements and documents from the European Union and a poll conducted by the International Republican Institute