European Scientific Journal, ESJ
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Comparative study of information security awareness and practice within home and work environments: Case study in Libya
Get PDFThe abundance of information available through the internet, mobile applications, and cloud computing has made it convenient for users to access a wide range of data. However, this convenience comes at a cost, as this information is constantly at risk of being compromised by cybercriminals and hackers. While the recognition of potential information security dangers is increasing in developed countries, regions like Libya in North Africa still exhibit insufficient protection levels.
The purpose of this study is to compare various factors that may influence or affect users' practices and awareness in home and work environments. The factors investigated are policy, behavior, IT knowledge, and education. To achieve the study's goals, a quantitative methodology was employed. A survey was created to assess the correlation between these key factors and security awareness and practices in home and workplace settings. The survey attracted 220 respondents and was analyzed using statistical methods to determine the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variables.
The study's results showed a moderate positive correlation between policy, IT knowledge, and education with security awareness and practice in both home and workplace environments. Only the behavior factor had a low correlation for home users. These findings indicate that the level of security awareness and practices at home and in the workplace is generally moderate.
This study aims to serve as an initial step in emphasizing the importance of security training sessions for employees, highlighting the need to increase knowledge of information security. The findings are intended to inspire further research and a focus on providing security information to the public, thereby disseminating new knowledge on the importance of security training and enhancing awareness of information security
Empowering Diversity in Education: A Web-Based Tool for Real-Time Sign Language Detection
Get PDFThis study aims to give an overview of the disabilities faced by people around the world and, in particular, in Albania. It also highlights the primary concern of the deaf community, such as the expression. This study presents a solution to this problem through a real-time sign language detection web application. First, the structural and functional aspects of the application are described by the standard software specification requirements. Then, a description of the software architecture follows. The technological aspect of the application is entirely defined by expressing all the significant implementations of each programming language contained behind the software diagrams and architecture. The main goal is to provide the latest technologies in the market combined with a well-planned and developed image detection application that is scalable, portable, maintainable, and efficient in Empowering Diversity in Education. This technologically up-to-date application is delivered as a full-stack web application. The application produces results that waver between 85%-95% quality off detection; it consists of a bi-partite backend, one for creating and compiling models, namely Python, TensorFlow, and Jupyter Notebooks, and the other part held by Node.JS to power the front-end built with React and TensorFlow's JS. This study presents a fully developed web-based application that has the potential to impact and improve diversity in education significantl
Analyzing the Impact of Corporate Hedging on Enterprise Valuation: Evidence from China
Get PDFIn a dynamic global financial landscape marked by unprecedented turbulence, driven notably by the COVID-19 pandemic, corporate hedging practices emerged as a critical tool for managing risks and preserving enterprise value (EV). This research investigated the intricate relationship between corporate hedging and EV, with a specific focus on Chinese-listed firms spanning the period from 2012 to 2022. Employing an extensive sample of 4,574 Chinese-listed firms, the study examines the role of corporate hedging in shaping enterprise value. The findings support the statistically significant impact of corporate hedging on enterprise. The study further tested the moderating role of ownership structure and corporate governance. The findings reveal that ownership structure and corporate governance moderate the relationship between corporate hedging and enterprise value
Balanced Scorecard (BSC) : Révolution Financière des Établissements Publics
Get PDFCet article explore le rôle central de la Balanced Scorecard (BSC) dans l'évaluation des stratégies de financement au sein des établissements publics à l'ère de la numérisation. Nous plongeons d'abord dans les concepts clés de la BSC, mettant en avant son utilité en tant qu'outil d'analyse et de mesure des performances financières et opérationnelles. La BSC offre un cadre global permettant de traduire la vision et la stratégie d'une organisation en indicateurs concrets, facilitant ainsi des décisions éclairées.
Parallèlement, cet article souligne les défis théoriques majeurs posés par la numérisation pour les établissements publics. La transition vers le numérique a des répercussions profondes sur la gestion financière, l'ajustement des stratégies, et la réponse aux attentes croissantes des citoyens et des parties prenantes. Dans ce contexte, l'adaptation des stratégies de financement devient cruciale. La BSC, en tant qu'outil de mesure et d'évaluation, se révèle être un allié précieux pour les gestionnaires publics, permettant de suivre les performances, d'identifier les domaines nécessitant des améliorations, et d'ajuster les ressources financières en conséquence.
La méthodologie de recherche de cet article repose sur une analyse documentaire des rapports gouvernementaux pertinents, et des données provenant d'organismes nationaux et internationaux. En conclusion, cet article vise à éclairer les décideurs publics et les gestionnaires sur l'importance de la BSC dans l'amélioration des stratégies de financement à l'ère de la numérisation. Il offre des perspectives éclairées et des recommandations concrètes, basées sur une analyse documentaire solide, pour contribuer à une gestion financière efficace et à l'adaptation réussie des établissements publics dans ce contexte en constante évolution.
This article explores the central role of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) in assessing funding strategies within public institutions in the age of digitization. We first dive into the key concepts of the BSC, highlighting its usefulness as a tool for analyzing and measuring financial and operational performance. BSC offers a comprehensive framework for translating an organization's vision and strategy into concrete indicators, thereby facilitating informed decision-making.
At the same time, this article highlights the major theoretical challenges posed by digitization for public institutions. The transition to digitalization has profound repercussions on financial management, the adjustment of strategies, and the response to the growing expectations of citizens and stakeholders. In this context, adapting financing strategies becomes crucial. BSC, as a measurement and evaluation tool, is proving to be a valuable ally for public managers, enabling them to monitor performance, identify areas requiring improvement, and adjust financial resources accordingly.
The research methodology of this article is based on a literature review of relevant government reports, and data from national and international organizations. In conclusion, this article aims to enlighten public decision-makers and managers on the importance of BSC in improving funding strategies in the digital age. It offers informed perspectives and concrete recommendations, based on a solid literature review, to contribute to effective financial management and the successful adaptation of public institutions in this ever-changing context
Do Climate Shocks Disadvantage Household Investment in Human Capital in Benin? An Approach Based on the Endogenous Treatment Regression Model
Get PDFThe increasing number of drought and flood shocks in Benin is causing considerable economic losses and social disruption. This article looks specifically at the effects of these shocks on household human capital expenditure in three climatic zones of Benin to highlight the effects specific to each zone. The data used come from the Harmonized Survey of Household Living Conditions. A linear regression model of the endogenous treatment was used for the analyses. The findings indicate that climate shocks reduce household capital expenditure and that this impact depends on the household’s climatic zone of residence. Investment in resilient infrastructure, such as water drainage and anti-flood systems, is suggested. The implementation of social and health assistance measures and school subsidies to cushion the impact of climatic shocks on the human capital expenditure of disaster-stricken households. The development and maintenance of an early warning system to anticipate the occurrence of shocks, floods, and droughts would also contribute to mitigation actions
The Impact of Transportation on The Avocado Market in Tanzania
Get PDFAvocado (Persea americana) is grown in many nations throughout Africa, Asia, Europe, and South America. The climate of Tanzania offers a perfect habitat for growing avocados. This paper investigates how transportation affects the Tanzanian avocado industry. Data were gathered from 505 farmers and 37 different categories/groups using a cross-sectional design. Data analysis was done using SPSS where descriptive statistics and the chi-square test. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test at p < 0.05 was also done. According to the results, local avocado output is dominated by men (79% male vs. 21% female). Usually, agents who segregate avocados depending on necessary and unwanted criteria handle them. Smallholder farmers have major market difficulties, mostly about transportation. With sorting (12%), grading (7%), and packaging (9%), quality during production was judged most important (25%), followed by harvesting (16%), storage (16%), and transportation (15%). With less relevance were factors impacting quality. Improving the avocado market for growers depends on national, regional, and district-level addressing of these problems. Hence, transportation has a big influence on the avocado industry since smallholder growers have great difficulties influencing market access and product quality. Improvement of transport infrastructure and support systems at the national, regional, and district levels will help to boost the avocado market
Traitement chirurgical des fractures des plateaux tibiaux au CHU la renaissance de N’Djamena à propos de 35 cas
Get PDFIntroduction : Le but de notre travail était d’évaluer les résultats fonctionnels et anatomiques du traitement chirurgical des fractures des plateaux tibiaux. Patients et Méthodes : Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale à visée descriptive réalisée dans le service de chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologique du CHU la renaissance de N’Djamena sur une période de 04 années (janvier 2019 à décembre 2022). Etaient inclus tous les patients d’âge supérieur ou égal à 18 ans de deux sexes. Les lésions ont étaient classées selon SCHATZKER et les résultats anatomiques et fonctionnels ont étés évalués selon le score de MERLE D’Aubigné et MAZES. Résultats : La fréquence des fractures des plateaux tibiaux était de 10,80% dans notre série. L’âge moyen était de 44,6 (18 et 73 ans) avec une prédominance masculine (80%). Les étiologies étaient dominées par les AVP (80%) suivis des accidents domestiques chez 07 patients (20%). L’Atteinte du côté gauche était retrouvée chez 20 patients (57,1%). Les types II et V de la classification SCHATZKER étaient retrouvé dans 15 cas (42,8%) et 11 cas (31,4%). Dans 80,7% de cas, les patients étaient opérés dans les cinq premiers jours. L’abord chirurgical de type GERNEZ externe était réalisé dans 57,14% et l’ostéosynthèse par plaque visée était réalisée dans 94,23% des cas (n=33). Dans 31,4%, les patients avaient bénéficiés d’une greffe osseuse, la rééducation a été débutée précocement chez 82,9% (n=29). Les critères anatomiques étaient bons dans 22cas (62,9%.). Nous avons 45,7% (16) des cas de très bon résultat fonctionnel et 42,9 (15) des cas de bon résultat. Conclusion : Le traitement chirurgical a été le meilleur traitement possible au vu du caractère articulaire de ces fractures et a présenté de meilleurs résultats anatomiques et fonctionnels.
Introduction: The aim of our study was to evaluate the functional and anatomical outcomes of surgical treatment for tibial plateau fractures. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery at University Hospital Center "La Renaissance" in N’Djamena over a period of 4 years (January 2019 to December 2022). The study included all patients aged 18 years and older of both sexes. Injuries were classified according to the Schatzker classification, and anatomical and functional outcomes were assessed using the Merle d'Aubigné and Mazes scores. Results: The frequency of tibial plateau fractures was 10.80% in our series. The mean age was 44.6 years (range 18 to 73 years) with a male predominance (80%). The most common etiology was road traffic accidents (80%), followed by domestic accidents in 7 patients (20%). Left-sided injuries were found in 20 patients (57.1%). Types II and V of the Schatzker classification accounted for 15 cases (42.8%) and 11 cases (31.4%), respectively. In 80.7% of cases, surgery was performed within the first five days. The external Gernez approach was used in 57.14% of cases, and plate and screw fixation was performed in 94.23% of cases (n=33). Bone grafting was performed in 31.4% of cases, and early rehabilitation was initiated in 82.9% (n=29). Anatomical criteria were satisfactory in 22 cases (62.9%). Overall, 45.7% (16) of cases showed excellent functional outcomes and 42.9% (15) showed good outcomes. Conclusion: Surgical treatment proved to be the optimal approach given the particular nature of these fractures, yielding favorable anatomical and functional results
Profil de la Transition Sanitaire en Republique du Congo
Get PDFL’Afrique, comme les autres régions du monde, est engagée dans la transition sanitaire qui se caractérise par le fait que les maladies non transmissibles supplantent progressivement les maladies transmissibles en tant que principales causes de la morbidité et de la mortalité. Cette étude a pour objectif d’analyser le profil de la transition sanitaire en République du Congo en répondant à trois principales questions : le Congo a-t-il entamé sa transition sanitaire ? Quelles sont les facteurs de cette transition ? Cette transition est-elle spatialement différenciée ? Trois types de sources documentaires ont été utilisées : les rapports et les enquêtes produits au niveau national, les publications scientifiques et les sources internationales. Trois types d’indicateurs sont analysés à différentes échelles spatiales : la morbidité, la natalité et les états nutritionnels. De l’étude, il ressort que le Congo est en transition sanitaire. En effet, même si les maladies transmissibles demeurent encore dominantes, les pathologies non transmissibles représentent une part croissante de la morbidité et de la mortalité, et particulièrement dans la population adulte. Cette transition sanitaire est le résultat de plusieurs facteurs, dont la transition démographique et l’urbanisation avec tous les changements qui en résultent en termes de mode de vie (sédentarité) de pratiques de consommation (alimentaires, alcool et tabac…). L’urbanisation apparaît ainsi comme un accélérateur de la transition sanitaire. Cette transition sanitaire est aujourd’hui et plus encore pour les années qui viennent une source de nouveaux défis sanitaires aussi bien en termes de prévention et de prise en charge des pathologies chroniques que de réorganisation du système de soins et d’articulation des politiques publiques de santé en fonction des contextes sociogéographiques.
Africa, like other regions of the world, is undergoing a health transition characterized by the gradual replacement of communicable diseases with non-communicable diseases as the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. This study aims to analyze the health transition profile in the Republic of Congo by addressing three main questions: Has Congo embarked on its health transition? What are the driving factors behind this transition? Is this transition spatially differentiated? Three types of documentary sources were used: national reports and surveys, scientific publications, and international sources. Three types of indicators were analyzed at different spatial scales: morbidity, birth rates, and nutritional status. The study reveals that Congo is indeed in the midst of a health transition. Although communicable diseases remain dominant, non-communicable diseases account for an increasing share of morbidity and mortality, particularly among the adult population. This health transition is driven by several factors, including demographic transition and urbanization, which bring about lifestyle changes (sedentariness) and consumption practices (food, alcohol, and tobacco). Urbanization thus appears to be an accelerator of the health transition. This health transition presents new public health challenges both now and in the coming years, particularly in terms of the prevention and management of chronic diseases, the reorganization of the healthcare system, and the alignment of public health policies with socio-geographical contexts
Incorporation of a Non-Conventional Liana (Tetracapidium conophorum) Seed Oil Cake in Diets of Congolese Indigenous Batéké Chicks Raised Without Outdoor Access
Get PDFThe indigenous Batéké hen (Gallus gallus) has low productivity due to various constraints such as feeding sources. The aim of this study was to improve the productivity of the local hen using a new local protein source: Tetracarpidium conophorum meal. A sample of ninety-six chicks 21-day old from the local population were randomized into 3 groups of 32 birds each (TC0, TC4 and TC6), with one replicate. In each group. Tetracarpidium conophorum oil cake was incorporated into groupsTC4 (4% Tcconophorum oil cake and 11% soya oil cake), TC6 (6% T.conophorum oil cake and 9% soya oil cake) whereas TC0 served as a control group (0% T.conophorum meal and 15% soya oilcake). The experiment started at 3 weeks and lasted at 20 weeks of age. Chickens were fed ad libithum and had free access to drinkers. The results indicated that mortality rate decreased (3.12 % versus 9.3), Also, the treatment improved significantly (p ˂ 0.05) feed intake (56.8 vs 60.1g per day), feed conversion (6.5 vs 5.7), and carcass yield (65.8 % vs 71.3 %). The final body weight at 20 weeks of age has been improved groups (1.200g versus 1300g) .. This study indicated that T.conophorum oil cake may be useful in diets at 4% thus reducing soya oil cake from 15% to 11% of incorporation) in a small scale poultry farming in Congo
Tumeurs primitives de la fosse ischiorectale : Diagnostic et traitement à propos de 07 observations à Abidjan
Get PDFBut : Le but de cette étude était de rapporter les aspects diagnostics et les résultats de la prise en charge des tumeurs primitives de la fosse ischio rectale. Patients et méthode : Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale à collecte de données rétrospective étalée de février 2019 à décembre 2023 dans le service de Chirurgie digestive et proctologique du CHU de Treichville. Nous avions étudié, les manifestations cliniques, les moyens diagnostiques, et les résultats du traitement chirurgical. Ont été inclus dans l’étude, les dossiers des malades suivis pour une tumeur primitive de la fosse ischio-rectale. Résultats : Nous avions colligé sept (7) patients pris en charge pour tumeurs primitives de la fosse ischio-rectale. Il s’agissait de 4 femmes et 3 hommes. L’âge moyen était de 48,8 ans, la médiane était de 50 ans et un écart-type de 14,4. Une prédominance féminine avec un sex ratio de 1, 33. Le motif de consultation était dominé par la proctalgie (n=3) qui était associée à une dyspareunie dans 2 cas. L’examen physique retrouvait une masse para-anale dans 4 cas. L’anorectoscopie était peu contributive. L’IRM demeurait le maître examen. L’histologie était en faveur des tumeurs malignes chez 4 patients. La résection chirurgicale était la règle et la voie périnéale antérieure était la voie d’abord principale. L’évolution Après recul de 4 ans, était marquée par 04 patients vivants en bonne santé apparente sans poursuite ni récidive tumorale. Conclusion : La tumeur de fosse ischio-rectale est une tumeur rare. L’expression clinique dépend du stade de la maladie. La tumeur maligne a dominé dans cette série. La résection chirurgicale périnéale antérieure est possible. L’imagerie par résonnance magnétique devrait être systématique devant toute proctalgie d’adulte.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe the diagnostic aspects and results of the management of primary tumors of the ischio-rectal fossa.
Patients and method: This was a cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection spread from February 2019 to December 2023 in the digestive and proctological surgery department of the Treichville University Hospital. We studied the clinical manifestations, the diagnostic means, and the results of surgical treatment. The files of patients followed for a primary tumor of the ischiorectal fossa were included in the study. Results: We collected seven (7) patients treated for primary tumors of the ischiorectal fossa. There were 4 women and 3 men. The mean age was 48.8 years, the median was 50 years, and the standard deviation was 14.4. A female predominance with a sex ratio of 1.33. The reason for consultation was dominated by proctalgia (n=3) which was associated with dyspareunia in 2 cases. Physical examination revealed a para-anal mass in 4 cases. Anorectoscopy was of little help. The MRI remained the master examination. Histology was in favor of malignant tumors in 4 patients. Surgical resection was the rule and the anterior perineal route was the main approach. The evolution after 4 years, was marked by 04 living patients in apparent good health without continuation or tumor recurrence. Conclusion: Ischiorectal fossa tumor is a rare tumor. The clinical expression depends on the stage of the disease. The malignant tumor dominated in this series. Anterior perineal surgical resection is possible. Magnetic resonance imaging should be systematic for any adult proctalgia