European Scientific Journal, ESJ
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Effets du Leadership Transformationnel sur la Prévention des Violences Genrées en Milieu Scolaire au Nord-Cameroun
Full text linkDans la région du Nord au Cameroun, les Violences de Genre en Milieu Scolaire (VGMS) sont exacerbées par des facteurs structurels tels que le patriarcat, la pauvreté, les crises sécuritaires et des normes traditionnelles rigides. Ces violences, psychologiques, sexuelles et physiques, affectent les élèves quel que soit leur genre et contribuent à l’abandon scolaire. Elles ont des effets différenciés comme tels que l’isolement chez les filles et l’agressivité chez les garçons. Une étude, menée entre juin et juillet 2020 dans le contexte de la COVID – 19, a exploré l’impact du leadership transformationnel des Conseillers d’Orientation pour la prévention de ces violences. Elle a adopté une méthodologie mixte par choix raisonné, reposé sur 929 participants par questionnaire administré dans 7 lycées et 11 par entretien dans 1 établissement supplémentaire. Elle démontre que les dimensions du leadership transformationnel que sont le charisme transformationnel, la stimulation intellectuelle et la considération individualisé, favorisent un climat scolaire plus sain. Ce style de leadership encourage l’écoute et renforce l’estime de soi des élèves. Il promeut des valeurs de respect et de solidarité. Bien que chaque dimension ait un effet modéré, leur synergie contribue à améliorer les comportements et l’épanouissement des élèves dans les établissements scolaires. Malgré les facteurs structurels, le leadership transformationnel apparaît comme une stratégie pertinente pour réduire les VGMS et soutenir les élèves dans leur développement personnel et éducatif.
In the northern region of Cameroon, gender – based violence in schools (SGBV) is exacerbated by structural factors such as patriarchy, poverty, security crises and rigid traditional norms. This psychological, sexual and physical violence affects pupils of all genders and contributes to school dropout. The effects of such violence vary, from isolation among girls to aggression among boys. A study, carried out between June and July 2020 in the context of COVID–19, explored the impact of the transformational leadership of guidance counsellors in preventing this violence. It adopted a mixed methodology by reasoned choice, based on 929 participants by questionnaire administered in 7 secondary schools and 11 by interview in 1 additional school. She demonstrates that the dimensions of transformational leadership – transformational charisma, intellectual stimulation and individual consideration – foster a healthier school climate. This style of leadership encourages listening and boosts students’ self–esteem. It promotes values of respect and solidarity. Although each dimension has a moderate effect, the synergy between them helps to improve behaviour and student development in schools. Despite the structural factors, transformational leadership appears to be a relevant strategy for reducing SGBV and supporting pupils in their personal and educational development
L’apport de la morphophonologie dans le pronostic des dyslexiques en Côte d’Ivoire
Full text linkLa Côte d’Ivoire est un pays d’Afrique occidentale avec une soixantaine de langues. Par ailleurs, aucune des langues ivoiriennes n’est reconnue comme médium d’enseignement. Cependant, le français bénéficie de tous les statuts. Cette situation semble ne pas contribuer à une scolarisation efficiente des apprenants ivoiriens. En effet, bon nombre des apprenants n’ont pas la maitrise de la langue française, ce qui n’est pas le cas pour leur langue maternelle ivoirienne. Suivant une approche méthodologique de terrain et de recueil de données qualitatives, la présente réflexion vise à œuvrer à une adaptation de la prise en charge orthophonique au contexte linguistique ivoirien, en vue d’un meilleur pronostic et d’une prise en charge objectif des pathologies langagières, notamment en lecture. Elle s’appuie sur une approche théorique fonctionnaliste (Martine, 1980), dans l’optique de relever les spécificités linguistiques des langues en présence. Les études menées dans un établissement primaire public de la région de Bondoukou révèlent que de nombreux apprenants du Cours Moyen I (CMI) rencontrent des difficultés conséquentes en lecture. Ceux-ci sont, de fait, considérés comme dyslexiques sans prendre en compte les questions d’interférence linguistique manifeste. Ce pronostic semble hâtif et mériterait d’être reconsidéré par l’ensemble des acteurs (enseignants et orthophonistes). Ainsi, les manuels didactiques servant à l’apprentissage des apprenants doivent tenir compte des réalités linguistiques des apprenants dans l’évaluation de leur performance scolaire.
Côte d’Ivoire is a West African country with around sixty languages. Furthermore, none of its local languages have been used as a medium of instruction. French enjoys all the statuses. This situation does not seem to contribute to the efficient schooling of Ivorian learners. Indeed, many learners do not have sustained proficiency in the French language, which is not the case for their native language. Following a methodological approach of fieldwork and collection of qualitative data, this reflection aims to work towards adapting speech therapy to the Ivorian linguistic context, with a view to better prognosis and objective management of language pathologies, particularly in reading. Our research is based on a functionalist theoretical approach (Martine, 1980), with the aim of identifying the linguistic specificities of different languages. Furthermore, studies conducted in a public primary school in Bondoukou in the northeast of Côte d’Ivoire proved that many learners in primary school (CMI) experience significant reading difficulties. These learners are, in fact, considered dyslexic, without considering issues of obvious linguistic interference. This prognosis seems hasty and should be reconsidered by all actors (teachers and speech therapists). Thus, didactic manuals used to teach learners must consider the linguistic realities of learners in the evaluation of their academic performance
Sacralité, pouvoir et sécularisation : la monarchie marocaine à l’épreuve du protectorat
Full text linkCet article analyse les transformations de la légitimité monarchique au Maroc sous le protectorat français (1912–1927), en mettant en lumière le processus de sécularisation de la sacralité royale. Il s’agit de comprendre comment une monarchie historiquement fondée sur la baraka et sur un ensemble de rituels sacrés a été progressivement redéfinie dans un contexte colonial. L’étude examine également les formes hybrides de légitimation qui émergent durant cette période charnière. L’analyse repose sur une approche qualitative et anthropologique, appliquée à des sources historiques variées : archives administratives, correspondances diplomatiques, récits coloniaux, presse de l’époque et écrits nationalistes. En mobilisant les outils de l’anthropologie politique (Geertz, Balandier), de la sociologie historique (Elias), et de la théorie du sacré (Durkheim), l’enquête s’attache à reconstituer les séquences rituelles, les transformations symboliques du pouvoir et les reconfigurations des pratiques de cour entre 1912 et 1927. L’étude met en évidence une recomposition progressive de la sacralité monarchique. Le souverain, privé de son monopole sur la violence légitime, voit sa baraka se redéployer dans un espace politique traversé par une double logique : tradition islamique et rationalité coloniale. Trois moments sont distingués : une restauration rituelle initiée par le pouvoir colonial (1912–1915) ; une phase de coexistence entre sacralité et sécularisation (1915–1922) ; enfin, une période de désenchantement symbolique (1922–1927), marquée par de nouveaux gestes politiques du sultan. L’article montre que la sécularisation n’a pas effacé le sacré, mais l’a déplacé et redéfini dans de nouveaux cadres symboliques et politiques.
This article analyzes the transformations of royal legitimacy in Morocco under the French Protectorate (1912–1927), focusing on the process of secularization of royal sacrality. It seeks to understand how a monarchy historically rooted in baraka and sacred rituals was progressively redefined within a colonial framework. The study also examines the emergence of hybrid forms of legitimation during this pivotal period. The research adopts a qualitative and anthropological approach, applied to a diverse set of historical sources: administrative archives, diplomatic correspondence, colonial accounts, contemporary press, and nationalist writings. Drawing on political anthropology (Geertz, Balandier), historical sociology (Elias), and theories of the sacred (Durkheim), the study reconstructs ritual sequences, symbolic transformations of power, and the reconfiguration of court practices between 1912 and 1927. The findings highlight a gradual reconfiguration of royal sacrality. Deprived of the monopoly on legitimate violence, the sovereign’s baraka was reshaped within a political space shaped by both Islamic tradition and colonial rationality. Three distinct phases are identified: a ritual restoration initiated by the colonial administration (1912–1915); a phase of coexistence between sacrality and secularization (1915–1922); and a period of symbolic disenchantment (1922–1927), marked by new political gestures of the sultan. The study concludes that secularization did not erase the sacred, but rather displaced and redefined it within new symbolic and political frameworks
Dance and social engagement in motion: An Emotional Text Mining analysis
Full text linkThis study explores the intersection between emotions, collective action and artistic expression, highlighting the role of dance as expressive language through which affective experiences are socially and politically articulated. In particular, it seeks to understand how performative art, particularly dance, is communicated and perceived as a means of political and social engagement. The research combines sociological theory with computational text analysis, adopting an Emotional Text Mining methodology implemented via T-Lab software. The analysis focuses on a corpus of 50 performance synopses produced by three Italian art collectives (De Anima Movement, Spellbound Contemporary Ballet and Compagnia Zappalà Danza) between January 1, 2023, and March 31, 2025. Using a hybrid clustering approach (Ward + K-Means), the study identifies recurrent emotional themes and symbolic patterns in artistic discourse. Semantic saturation and thematic density guided the validity of results, while statistical metrics confirmed corpus adequacy. Findings confirm that embodied artistic practices are communicated and perceived by these activists as a means of political and social mobilization. They are not viewed only as aesthetic expressions, but as emotional catalysts, capable of instigating a change, transforming individual affect into shared meaning
Understanding of stoichiometry by learners from Form Four to final year of general secondary education in Cameroon
Full text linkThe aim of the present research is to determine the conceptions of learners from Form Four to Upper Sixth (13-19 years) of general secondary education in Cameroon about the concept of stoichiometry. A preliminary analysis of the didactic transposition of the concept of chemical reaction in the Form Four textbook, combined with an epistemological study of the concept of stoichiometry, enabled us to design an 8-item paper-and-pencil questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered to 239 learners ranging from four to Upper Sixth students of five general secondary schools. The data collected were analyzed using Dehon's (2018) significance level model. The results show that many students assign irrelevant meanings to the concepts within the conceptual network of stoichiometry. For instance, 54.4% of students conceive of the stoichiometric coefficient at the macroscopic level as a quantity of matter. Furthermore, only 20.4% of students correctly determine the number of molecules (or atoms) of one reactant needed to react completely with a known number of molecules (or atoms) of another reactant, and 36.8% correctly determine the quantity of matter of one reactant required to react completely with a precise quantity of another reactant. It appears that stoichiometry is better conceptualized by students at the macroscopic level than at the microscopic level
Evaluation de la rentabilité de la production de la banane plantain dans le village Mansende au Kongo central en République Démocratique du Congo
Full text linkLe plantain joue un rôle essentiel dans la sécurité alimentaire et constitue une source importante des revenus pour les acteurs de la filière. Bien qu’elle soit surtout cultivée pour l’autoconsommation des ménages, certains consacrent une partie de leur récolte à la vente. L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer la rentabilité d’une bananeraie d’un hectare. Spécifiquement, seront déterminés (1) différents indicateurs comptables (2) ratios de productivité brute et du capital investi (3) les facteurs déterminants de la rentabilité. Pour y arriver, 30 exploitants ont été sélectionnés de façon aléatoire pour les enquêtes. Après analyses statistiques et économétriques, voici les résultats : la culture de banane est pratiquée presque exclusivement par des hommes (96,7%) dont près de la moitié a un âge compris entre 25-35 ans, sur de petites surfaces (968,958±2241,650 m2), parmi lesquels 50% sont propriétaires terriens, pour un rendement moyen de 7200 Kg/ha. En outre, cette culture est moyennement rentable avec un ratio de productivité brute (0,97) et un ratio de productivité du capital investi (1,0223), disons l’exploitation dégage des revenus presque juste pour couvrir le coût d’intrants utilisés pour la production. De tous les prédicteurs estimés, trois sont significatifs au seuil de 10% : la superficie du champ (sig = 0,078), le nombre d’actifs agricoles dans le ménage (sig = 0,092) et la distance du marché (sig = 0,093). Ils déterminent positivement la rentabilité de cette culture au regard de leurs odds ratio respectifs. D’où, l’exploitation de plus d’un hectare, l’amélioration de condition d’accès au marché et la disponibilité des actifs agricoles permettraient d'accroître la rentabilité de cette culture.
Plantain plays an essential role in food security and constitutes an important source of income for stakeholders in the sector. Although it is mainly grown for household self-consumption, some devote part of their harvest to sale. The objective of this study is to evaluate the profitability of a one-hectare banana plantation. Specifically, (1) different accounting indicators, (2) ratios of gross productivity and invested capital will be determined. To achieve this, surveys were carried out among 30 randomly selected farmers. After statistical and econometrics analyses, the following results were found: Banana production is practiced almost exclusively by men (96.7%), almost half of whom are aged between 25 & 35 years, in small areas (968.958±2,241.650 m2), among whom 50% are landowners, for an average yield of 7,200 kg/ha. Banana cultivation is moderately profitable with a productivity ratio (0.97) and the productivity ratio of invested capital (1.0223), that is to say, farming generates income almost just to cover the cost of inputs used in production. In addition, of all the estimated predictors, three are significant at the 10% level: the area of the field (sig = 0.078), the number of agricultural workers in the household (sig = 0.092) and the distance from the market (sig = 0.093). They positively determine the profitability of the crop with regard to their respective odds ratios. To finish, the farming of more than one hectare, the improvement of market access conditions, and the availability of agricultural workers would make it possible to increase the profitability of this crop
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence Marketing Offers on Online Shopping Behavior
Full text linkThis research examines how artificial intelligence (AI) influences consumer purchase intentions in online shopping. Reviewing 16 previous studies examines how AI tools like chatbots, personalized recommendations, and user identification systems shape consumer behavior and decision-making. The findings showed that AI enhances customer experiences by tailoring shopping journeys, increasing engagement, and simplifying decision-making. The study also points out a lack of research on the ethical side of AI marketing, including concerns about data privacy, cybersecurity, and consumer trust. These issues are becoming increasingly important as AI systems handle more sensitive data. Businesses are encouraged to focus on transparency and ethical practices to build consumer trust while using AI to improve marketing strategies and customer satisfaction. The research provides valuable insights for companies, showing how AI investments can give them a competitive edge by creating more personalized and efficient shopping experiences
Transforming Language Acquisition: A Comprehensive Study on the Synergistic Integration of Traditional and Digital Methodologies to Enhance Learner Engagement and Skill Development
Full text linkThis study investigates the evolving paradigm of language acquisition, juxtaposing traditional learning methodologies with contemporary digital approaches. Utilizing a mixed-methods design, the research engaged a sample of 1,000 participants, including both language learners and educators, to gather comprehensive insights into their preferences and experiences. Data were collected through structured surveys and semi-structured interviews, allowing for an in-depth exploration of the perceived effectiveness of various instructional strategies.The findings reveal a marked preference for a blended learning approach that harnesses the strengths of both traditional and digital methods. Specifically, traditional methodologies are found to be more effective in developing speaking and listening skills, while digital platforms are preferred for vocabulary enhancement and reading comprehension. These results underscore the necessity for a holistic approach to language learning that integrates the benefits of face-to-face interaction, cultural immersion, and structured learning with the flexibility and accessibility afforded by digital technologies. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of adaptability in language instruction, suggesting that educators should tailor their approaches to meet the diverse needs of learners in a rapidly changing educational landscape. Practical recommendations are provided for both learners and educators to optimize the language acquisition process in this digital age, including strategies for effectively integrating technology into traditional curricula and fostering meaningful human connections within the learning environment
New Challenges in ELT (English Language Teaching): Virtual Exchange and Mobility
Full text linkThe present study focuses on an experience of ELT through a recent virtual exchange and mobility project, called ITALengUSA. The project aimed to foster connections between Italian and American students from different universities and high schools in Italy and in the USA, with the purpose of enhancing their proficiency in Italian and English. The work begins with an analysis of the paremiological resources employed during the speaking sessions of the project, as the syntactic and prosodic features of idioms and proverbs facilitated the students’ learning process. Owing to their culture-bound nature, paremiological resources were extensively used to engage and motivate students, helping them to improve their target language through metaphors and cultural aspects (Gedik, 2024; Granger & Meunier, 2008; Russo, 2024). After investigating the learning methods used by students, including cooperative learning, scaffolding and languaging (Nicaise, 2022), the analysis dwells on the effectiveness of translanguaging (Kramsch & Hua, 2016), which involves the practice of using more than one language in conversations. Translanguaging enabled the students of the project to integrate terms from their L1 into conversations occurring in L2, allowing them to co-construct meanings with their partners through linguistic negotiation and reformulation. Considering Coonan’s (2011) concept of “international posture”, the work concludes by discussing the incorporation of cultural aspects in the speaking sessions of the programme, drawing comparisons between Americanness, associated with globalisation and multiculturalism by Italian students, and Italianness, associated with art and culture by American students. The ITALengUSA programme, which is expanding and involving an increasing number of educational institutions in Italy and in the USA, has thus paved the way for the democratisation of language learning through collaboration with native speaker students (Novak & Tucker, 2021)