European Scientific Journal, ESJ
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Dynamique des Ressources Humaines, Animales, et Naturelles au cours des 32 dernières années (1990-2022) dans la Zone de Fakara de Sud-Ouest du Niger
Get PDFL’objectif de cette étude est d’analyser la dynamique des ressources humaines, animales et naturelles, à partir des années 1990, et les modes de gestion qui en découlent au niveau de la zone du Fakara dans le Sud-Ouest du Niger. Pour mener cette analyse, une enquête a eu lieu auprès d’un échantillon composé de 354 chefs d’exploitation. Cette enquête a été conduite dans 17 villages repartis dans la zone d’étude. Les données ont été collectées au moyen de questionnaires, adressés aux chefs d’exploitation, sur les différentes ressources et leur état au cours des trente dernières années. L’étude révèle que la tendance à l’amenuisement des ressources naturelles notamment l’eau, la terre, les ressources forestières. La population et les ressources animales connaissent une augmentation en lien avec l’accroissement démographique générale et l’importance que révèle la pratique de l’élevage dans cette zone.
This paper focuses on analyzing the dynamics of human, animal, and natural resources during the 1990s in the Fakara area. To conduct this analysis, an investigation was carried out with a sample of 354 farm chiefs. This survey took place in 17 villages within the study area. Data were collected through questionnaires addressed to operational heads regarding resources and their current state following a historical decline. The population and animal resources show an increase, correlated with general demographic growth and the significance of farming practices in this region
Intra-Abdominal Metastasis After Pelvic Primary Synovial Sarcoma Resection: Case Report
Get PDFIntroduction: Synovial sarcoma is a malignant soft tissue sarcoma. It occurs predominantly in young adults. 90% of synovial sarcomas occur in the extremities, they have been reported in other sites, including the abdomen and pelvis. Up to 40% of all patients with soft tissue sarcomas develop distant metastasis, despite adequate local disease control. Aim of the article: To provide an update on one of the rarest and most aggressive tumors, to affirm the importance of early management and especially surveillance, and to encourage the codification and the management of these tumors. Presentation of cases: Here, we discuss a case of a 78-year-old female patient, operated 10 years earlier for a pelvic Synovial sarcoma, who presented with intra-abdominal mass to our hospital that eventually turned out to be a metastatic intra-abdominal synovial sarcoma following biopsy. Conclusion: It is important to be aware that primary intraabdominal tumors can occur and delayed metastasis is more typical of synovial sarcoma than of many other sarcomas and should be considered in determining the appropriate frequency and duration of follow-up imaging
Désarticulation de hanche secondaire à une gangrène du membre pelvien droit au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire la renaissance de Ndjamena
Get PDFLa désarticulation de la hanche est un geste mutilant avec un impact psychologique non négligeable. Elle est rare, réalisée en chirurgie cancérologique lors des tumeurs siégeant à la partie proximale du fémur. En traumatologie, elle reste le denier recours surtout lorsque le pronostic vital est engagé. L’appareillage du moignon désarticulé reste difficile et peu fonctionnel dans la plupart des cas, mais bien réalisée et bien suivie, elle reste une solution idoine pour sauver la vie. Cet acte pose souvent un problème de couverture cutanée dans notre contexte lié à l’absence de lambeau de jambe de banque. La cicatrisation dirigée associée a une greffe de peau mince fait partie de l’arsenal thérapeutique dans la prise en charge des désarticulations coxo fémorales en l’absence des lambeaux libres.
The disarticulation of the hip is a mutilating procedure with significant psychological impact. It is rare, performed in cancer surgery for tumors located in the proximal part of the femur. In trauma cases, it remains a last resort, especially when a life-threatening prognosis is involved. Prosthetic fitting for the disarticulated stump remains challenging and often limited in functionality in most cases. However, when well executed and monitored, it remains a suitable solution to save lives. This procedure often presents a challenge in terms of skin coverage due to the absence of available leg flap banks in our context. Directed healing combined with thin skin grafting is part of the therapeutic arsenal for managing coxofemoral disarticulations in the absence of free flaps
Effects of Climate Change on Crop Yield: Is it a Benefit or Menace?
Get PDFThe review explained the detrimental and beneficial effects of climate change on crop yields of major value crops such as corn, wheat, rice, and soybean. The trend in crop yields of these crops among the largest food producers in the world was examined. The study observed the changes that have occurred in crop yields because of climate change over the years. The changes have effects that cause shifts in temperature and precipitation, rising sea levels, and loss of biodiversity which are detrimental to the environment, economy, and health of humans, plants and animals, and the ecosystem in general. The effects of these changes as observed in plants cause high CO2 levels, increased temperature and precipitation, droughts, floods pests, and diseases. The study emphasized the fact that some phenomena caused by climate change such as CO2 fertilization and increased temperature because of global warming proved to be beneficial to crop yields in specific crops. Further deliberations on the effects on yields looked into the implications of factors such as weather, crop physiology, soil properties, and the economic aspect of how climate change affected the yield of crops. We then emphasized the fact that adaptation and mitigation strategies should be put in place to reduce the effects of climate change on the yield of crops by taking into consideration the beneficial aspects and non-beneficial aspects of climate change
Les ressources de financement de l’enseignement traditionnel au Maroc
Get PDFCet article s’inscrit dans le cadre des Sciences de l’éducation. Il a pour objet principal de repérer et d’identifier les modifications apportées par la réforme de l’enseignement traditionnel, adoptée depuis l’an 2002, sur les ressources de soutien et de financement des écoles dudit enseignement, relatives aux domaines de rémunération des enseignants, de nourriture, de construction, d’équipement et d’ameublement des dites écoles. Afin de réaliser les objectifs de ce travail, nous adoptons une méthode qualitative, et une approche pluridisciplinaire. La recherche documentaire nous permet de collecter les éclaircissements nécessaires à la réalisation de cette étude. Elle se base sur les textes de loi qui organisent l’application de ladite réforme, les ouvrages, les articles et les thèses qui traitent notre problématique. En conclusion, l’analyse des résultats de ce travail montre que les ressources de financement des écoles dudit enseignement, relatives aux domaines précités, n’ont pas connu de grands changements, après l’adoption de la réforme. Le parrainage de l’Etat est insuffaisant pour répondre à tous leurs besoins. Le soutien de la population demeure la source principale de financement, qui assure leur fonctionnement et leur continuité.
This article falls within the framework of Educational Sciences. Its main purpose is to spot and identify the modifications made by the reform of traditional teaching, adopted since 2002, on the support and financing resources of schools of said education, relating to the areas of teacher remuneration, food, construction, equipment, and furnishing of said schools. In order to achieve the objectives of this work, we adopt a qualitative method and a multidisciplinary approach. Documentary research allows us to collect the clarifications necessary to carry out this study. It is based on the legal texts that organize the application of said reform, the works, articles, and theses that address our problem. In conclusion, the analysis of the results of this work shows that the financing resources of said education schools, relating to the aforementioned areas, have not experienced major changes after the adoption of the reform. State sponsorship is insufficient to meet all their needs. Support from the population remains the main source of funding, which ensures their operation and continuity
Genetic variability and advance, heritability, Path coefficient analysis and inter-characters relationships in colocynth (Citrullus colocynthis [L.] Schrad.) collected in Southeastern villages of Benin Republic
Get PDFGenetic improvement of crops for important traits requires reliable estimates of genetic variability. heritability and genetic advance of intending parent materials to identify traits useful in planning an efficient breeding program through selection. Effectiveness of genetic improvement of a crop depends on the variability in the agro-morphological traits of individual genotype. Understanding the variation that exists will allow the breeder to determine the breeding strategies to adopt in his breeding program. The objectives of the study were to estimate the magnitude of genetic variability and advance, heritability, inter-characters relationships by simple correlations and path coefficient analysis for yield contributing traits of 40 local colocynth genotypes cultivated in Southeastern Benin. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications in three locations and during three years. 34 morpho-agronomic traits were observed in each genotype. Analysis of variance revealed that effects of genotype, genotype by year or location and genotype by year by location interactions were significant (p ≤ 0.01 or 0.05) for all the characters. PCV values were relatively greater than GCV for all traits. High magnitude of phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variations as well as high heritability along with high genetic advance were recorded particularly for qualitative traits. Correlation and path coefficient analysis were performed on all 34 traits. It was found that all of the yield components except time to emergence, time to tailspins, leaf limb width, fruit number per plant, fruit width, seed length, seed tegument percentage and stem pubescence texture had significant and positive correlations with yield attributes represented by thousand-seeds weight (TSW) and seed number per plant (SNP). Path coefficient analysis indicated that all the characters (except leaf pubescence texture, stem pubescence texture, fruit design produced by secondary color and male flower size) had positive direct effect on TSW and partly SNP. Results suggested that most of the 34 quantitative and qualitative traits studied could be effectively used as selection criteria in the breeding program of Citrullus colocynthis varieties with high yielding
L’Education au Développement Durable par Problématisation de Phénomènes de Pollution Environnementale en Formation Initiale des Enseignants au Mali
Get PDFLa population malienne vit des problèmes environnementaux graves dont elle a pleinement conscience, mais les moyens pour y remédier font souvent défaut. L’éducation au développement durable (EDD) préconisée par l’UNSECO[1], et l’approche par compétences (APC) recommandée dans le curriculum malien impulsent un nouveau paradigme local dans ce domaine, mais peu opérationnalisé, notamment en éducation formelle. A l’échelle internationale, les approches de l’EDD sont souvent généralistes (changement climatique, pluies acides). Notre contribution présente une étude de l’EDD dans le cadre de l’enseignement de la chimie, puisque la chimie est au cœur des analyses des polluants de toutes sortes, de la compréhension de leurs modes d’actions et des méthodes de dépollution. Outres des aspects généraux de l’EDD, la manière d’exploiter la richesse du sous-sol du pays entraine des problèmes plus spécifiques qui impliquent des procédés physico-chimiques (drainage minier, dragage d’orpaillage des cours d’eau qui affectent la faune et la flore). L’enquête menée auprès de 360 (grade 8), 300 (grade 9), 150 (grade 10) et 120 élèves (grade 11), ont permis de mettre en évidence des difficultés d’élèves. Toutes fois, les pratiques déclarées de cinq enseignants des Instituts de Formation des Maîtres (IFM) sont favorables à l’implémentation de l’EDD par problématisation du savoir. Sur la base de ces résultats, nous avons construit deux situations-problèmes. Nous discuterons des implications curriculaires de ces résultats, des leviers et obstacles pour une transposition didactique de la chimie de l’environnement pour intégrer l’EDD de manière efficiente en formation initiale et continue des enseignants dans le contexte malien, ainsi que des implications pour des recherches futures sur cette problématique.
The Malian population is fully aware of the serious environmental problems it is facing, but often lacks the means to address them. Education for sustainable development (ESD), advocated by UNSECO, and the competency-based approach (CBA) recommended in the Malian curriculum, are promoting a new local paradigm in this field, but one that is little implemented, particularly in formal education. Internationally, approaches to ESD are often general (climate change, acid rain). Our contribution introduces a study of ESD in the context of chemistry teaching, since chemistry is at the heart of the analysis of pollutants of all kinds, the understanding of their modes of action and the methods of depollution. In addition to the general aspects of ESD, the way in which the country's rich subsoil is exploited gives rise to more specific problems involving physico-chemical processes (mining drainage, gold-panning dredging of watercourses affecting wildlife). The survey of 360 (grade 8), 300 (grade 9), 150 (grade 10) and 120 students (grade 11), highlighted the difficulties faced by students. Yet, the declared practices of five teachers from the “Instituts de Formation des Maîtres (IFM)” were open to the implementation of ESD through the problematization of knowledge. On the basis of these results, we have constructed two problem situations. We will discuss the curricular implications of these results, the levers and obstacles for a didactic transposition of environmental chemistry to integrate ESD efficiently in initial and in-service teacher training in the Malian context, and the implications for future research on this issue
Measuring the Success of Grandpa Aki’s Short Video Series in Cross-cultural Transmission of Traditional Chinese Culture
Get PDFWith the development of digitization and online platforms, short videos have become one of the ways to spread traditional Chinese culture. The success of Grandpa Aki’s short videos is a model of cross-cultural transmission of traditional Chinese culture, especially craftsmanship, via short videos. However, few scholars have talked about the implications of cross-cultural transmission of Chinese excellent traditional culture brought by Grandpa Aki’s short video series. The paper collected the title of the video, the view of the video and the proportion of positive comments and negative comments from the top 5 popular videos by using Python. The paper aims to identify (1) the characteristics of Grandpa Aki’s short video series; (2) the reasons for the success of Grandpa Aki’s short video series; (3) the implication of cross-cultural transmission of traditional Chinese culture from the success of Grandpa Aki’s short video series. The results show that 1) these videos are characterized by an immersive experience and spread traditional Chinese culture in detail. 2) The reasons for the success of these videos are the strong curiosity about traditional Chinese culture from overseas citizens, the value of traditional Chinese culture, the entertainment value of these videos and the resonance from people. The paper provides a thinking mode for scholars to solve the dilemma of overseas dissemination of traditional Chinese culture
Pedagogical Reforms in the Initial Training of Moroccan Teachers: The Emergence of a New Training Paradigm and New Concepts
Get PDFIn recent decades, countries around the world, including Morocco, have undertaken far-reaching reforms of their education systems to improve performance and efficiency. The initial training of future Moroccan teachers has been the subject of an innovative reform, introducing a new paradigm conveying concepts conducive to change. This article examines why the change envisaged by the reforms has not taken place, focusing on the epistemological dimension. It analyzes the relationship between the signifier and the signified of three key concepts: professionalization, integrative alternation, and reflexivity. The reforms failed to bring about the desired changes because of epistemological drifts caused by semantic distortions and cognitive biases in the implementation of the transformation project. The success of the new educational paradigm depends not only on the intrinsic quality of the concepts but, above all, on their understanding, assimilation, and translation into practice. The major challenge lies in the ability to preserve the integrity of the paradigm throughout its deployment, from its theoretical conception to its application in the field
The Yaya Reserve: From the Evolution of its Plant Cover to Proposals for Sustainable Management
Get PDFThe Yaya reserve, one of the biodiverse forests in Ivory Coast, faces significant threats from agricultural colonization, illegal logging, and demographic pressure, which could jeopardize its sustainability. This paper focuses on contributing to the reserve’s sustainable management. To achieve this, three categories of data were collected: remote sensing data, floristic inventory data, and survey data from the neighboring populations. Remote sensing data were obtained by downloading images from the USGS earth explorer website. Floristic data were obtained through surface and itinerant survey. Survey data were collected using a structured interview. The images were processed to calculate the areas of various land use classes. The floristic data were analyzed for species richness and composition, while the survey data were analyzed to understand local perceptions of landscape dynamics, current management practices, and proposals for participatory management. The results revealed two major periods in the forest’s dynamics: increased deforestation from 1986 to 2005 and subsequent restoration from 2005 to 2022. These phases of degradation and restoration are likely related to recent social and political crises and management challenges. The floristic inventory identified 167 woody species across 134 genera and 47 families. 24 species (14% of the total) are endemic to West Africa, and 21 species (12.42%) are listed on the IUCN red list, indicating a relatively good conservation of the forest. The survey data highlighted the vulnerability of the forest and underscored the importance of centralized decision-making in management. The study suggests that participatory management could be a viable alternative for protecting the reserve. The hypotheses clearly states that the active involvement of local populations in the sustainable exploitation of forest resources can improve living standards, while helping to preserve the forest from exploitative practices