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Détection des Signatures Moléculaires de Mycobacterium Ulcerans chez les Hétéroptères Aquatiques prélevés dans les Rizières Urbaines en Côte d’Ivoire
Get PDFCertaines villes de Côte d’Ivoire regorgent des rizières en activité jouxtant les habitations. Elles pourraient être des réservoirs et augmenter les risques de propagation de l’agent pathogène de l’ulcère de Buruli. Cette étude se propose de faire l’inventaire des hétéroptères aquatiques (hôtes et vecteurs de Mycobacterium ulerans) présents dans ces rizières. Ils ont été récoltés dans la végétation aquatique des rizières avec un filet épuisette de type Troubleau. Ils ont été identifiés au laboratoire sous une loupe binoculaire, à l’aide d’ouvrages d’identification. Au total, 481 spécimens, répartis en 7 familles (Belostomatidae, Ranatridae, Naucoridae, Nepidae, Corixidae, Notonectidae et Gerridae) ont été récoltés. Les Belostomatidae, avec 65,90% (n=317) ont dominé le peuplement. Les Gerridae (n=3) ont été les plus faible (p<0,001). Sur 24 espèces identifiées, Diplonychus nepoïdes (Belostomatidae) a été la plus abondante dans les rizières (p<0,001). L’indice de Shannon a varié entre 0,74 et 1,87. La richesse spécifique estimée à partir de l’indice de Margalef a donné des valeurs comprises entre 0,82 et 2,39. La composition et la diversité du peuplement ont montré que la diversité dans les rizières était faible ; mais une espèce domine. Mycobacterium ulcerans a été détectée dans 34 lots monospécifiques appartenant à 6 familles et 12 espèces. Dans toutes les rizières, les Belostomatidae et Diplonychus nepoïdes (Belostomatidae) ont été les plus colonisées avec respectivement 17 et 9 lots positifs. Mycobacterium ulcerans retrouvée chez les hétéroptères des rizières urbaines pourrait assurer sa dissémination vers les habitations aux alentours et augmenter le risque de contamination.
In some cities in Côte d'Ivoire, active rice fields are located adjacent to houses, potentially serving as reservoirs that increase the risk of Buruli ulcer pathogen propagation. This paper lists the aquatic heteropterans—hosts and vectors of Mycobacterium ulerans—present in these rice fields. Heteropterans were collected from the aquatic vegetation of rice fields in eight towns using a Troubleau type net. They were identified in the laboratory under a binocular magnifying glass, using identification guides. A total of 481 specimens, representing seven families (Belostomatidae, Ranatridae, Naucoridae, Nepidae, Corixidae, Notonectidae, and Gerridae) were collected. The Belostomatidae family dominated with 65.90% (n=317), while the Gerridae family (n=3) was the least represented (p<0.001). Twenty-four species were identified, with Diplonychus nepoides (Belostomatidae) being the most abundant across all rice fields (p<0.001). The Shannon index ranged from 0.74 to 1.87, and species richness, estimated using the Margalef index, ranged from 0.82 and 2.39. Although species diversity was generally low, with one specie dominating, Mycobacterium ulcerans was detected in 34 monospecific batches across six families and twelve species. In all rice fields, the Belostomatidae family and Diplonychus nepoides (Belostomatidae) were most frequently colonized, with 17 and 9 positive batches, respectively. The presence of Mycobacterium ulcerans in aquatic heteropterans in urban rice fields could facilitate its dissemination from the aquatic environment to surrounding houses, thereby increasing the risk of contamination
Impact of the Distance Traveled to School on Students' Performance in Public Schools in Morocco
Get PDFThe challenges of providing equitable access to quality education are particularly acute in rural areas, where the distance pupils have to travel to school can have a significant impact on their academic performance. This study addresses the critical question: How does the distance students have to travel to school affect their academic outcomes? Focusing on a primary school in a rural area of Morocco, the research aims to analyze the relationship between students' travel times and their academic performance. Based on a statistical analysis of data collected from 220 students, the study uses univariate analysis, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation tests to examine the effects of commute time on tardiness, absenteeism, and academic performance. The results indicate that longer commute times are associated with higher rates of tardiness and absenteeism, as well as lower academic achievement. These findings highlight the urgent need to address logistical challenges in rural areas in order to improve educational outcomes. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for targeted interventions, such as improved transport infrastructure, to mitigate the negative impact of long commutes on student performance
Dynamiques des changements environnementaux des réserves forestières transfrontalières sous emprise des groupes terroristes : cas du complexe W-Arly-Pendjari (WAP) entre le Bénin, le Burkina Faso et le Niger
Get PDFDepuis le début des attaques terroristes entre 2010 et 2012, respectivement au nord du Nigeria et au Mali, les massifs forestiers ont été des espaces d’intérêt stratégique de sanctuarisation des groupes armés. Plus ou moins reliées les uns aux autres et situés le long de frontières faiblement peuplées et peu contrôlées par les Etats, les massifs forestiers offrent des facilités de mobilité transfrontalière des groupes armés terroristes. Ces réserves forestières ont été utilisées comme support pour l’extension des foyers terroristes du Sahel vers les pays côtiers. C’est ainsi que depuis 2018, la plus vaste réserve forestière transfrontalière d’Afrique de l’Ouest, le complexe W-Arly-Pendjari (WAP) entre le Bénin, le Burkina Faso et le Niger, est devenue une cible d’implantation de bases terroristes. L’occupation d’une grande partie du complexe WAP permet aux groupes armés terroristes de contrôler les accès aux parcs, les mobilités (des personnes et des biens), la transhumance transfrontalière et le commerce du bétail entre pays sahéliens et côtiers. L’installation des bases terroristes dans le WAP et les attaques dans les localités riveraines ont des répercussions sur les efforts de conservation de la faune et de la flore. Mais l’ampleur et le sens des changements environnementaux induits par l’occupation du WAP par les groupes armés et leurs attaques dans les villages riverains n’est pas encore bien documentée. Cet article fait une analyse quantitative des changements environnementaux sur les unités d’occupation et d’utilisation des terres dans le WAP et les localités riveraines. Il repose sur une exploitation d’images satellites comme source d’analyse diachronique (2002-2022) des changements environnementaux et leur corrélation avec la localisation, l’évolution des attaques terroristes et de l’indice de végétation (NDVI) dans le WAP et ses localités riveraines.
Since the beginning of terrorist attacks between 2010 and 2012, in northern Nigeria and Mali respectively, forest reserves have been areas of strategic interest for armed groups to establish sanctuary. More or less connected to each other and located along less densely populated borders with weak state control, forest reserves offer cross-border mobility facilities for armed terrorist groups. These forest reserves have been used to support the expansion of terrorist outbreaks from the Sahel to coastal countries. Thus, since 2018, the largest cross-border forest reserve in West Africa, the W-Arly-Pendjari (WAP) complex between Benin, Burkina Faso and Niger, has become a target for the establishment of terrorist bases. The occupation of a large part of the WAP complex enables armed terrorist groups to control access to the parks, movements (of people and goods), cross-border transhumance and the livestock trade between Sahelian and coastal countries. The establishment of terrorist bases in the WAP and attacks in riparian localities have implications for wildlife conservation efforts. However, the magnitude and scope of the environmental changes induced by the occupation of the WAP by armed groups and their attacks on riparian villages are not yet well documented. This article provides a quantitative analysis of the environmental changes in land occupation and land use units in the WAP and riparian settlements. It is based on the use of satellite images as a source of diachronic analysis (2002-2022) of environmental changes and their correlation with location, changes in terrorist attacks and the vegetation index (NDVI) in the WAP and its neighboring localities
Résultats du traitement chirurgical des fractures malléolaires de l’adulte au Centre Hospitalier Régional de Sokodé
Get PDFIntroduction : Les fractures malléolaires sont fréquentes et leur traitement est de plus en plus chirurgical. Le but de l’étude était d’évaluer les résultats cliniques, radiologiques et fonctionnels des fractures malléolaires opérées dans un hôpital régional du Togo. Matériels et Méthode : Il s’agissait d’une étude rétrospective et analytique portant sur les patients pris en charge entre janvier 2019 et décembre 2022 dans le service d’Orthopédie du Centre Hospitalier Régional de Sokodé. Les dossiers des patients suivis pour fractures malléolaires étaient exploités. Les patients suivis et revus pendant au moins 06 mois étaient inclus. L’évaluation était basée sur les critères anatomiques de Leeds et Ehrlich en post-opératoire, le score fonctionnel de Kitaoka à 06 mois. Résultats : Le délai de chirurgie était de 15 jours en moyenne avec des extrêmes de 01 jour et 40 jours. Sur une série de 38 patients traités, l’évaluation sur le plan anatomique selon les critères de Leeds et Ehrlich a trouvé 85% (n= 32) de bonnes réductions. Le score de Kitaoka à six(06)mois était décrit comme suit : 52,5%(n=20) de scores excellents et bons correspondant aux fractures initialement fermées, 39,5 %(n=15) de scores bons et moyens correspondant aux fractures initialement ouvertes et 08%(n=03) de scores mauvais. Les fractures ouvertes étaient sujettes à des complications secondaires à type d’arthrose précoce, d’ostéo-arthrite et de pseudarthrose. Conclusion : Le traitement chirurgical des fractures fermées malléolaires donnait de bons et excellents résultats fonctionnels. Les fractures ouvertes étaient sujettes à des complications précoces avec un pronostic fonctionnel médiocre.
Introduction: Malleolar fractures are frequent, and their treatment is increasingly surgical. This study aims to assess the clinical, radiological, and functional results of malleolar fractures treated in a secondary hospital in Togo. Materials and Method: This was a retrospective and analytic study of patients managed between January 2019 and December 2022 in the Orthopedic Department of the Regional Hospital of Sokode. The records of patients followed for malleolar fractures were processed. Patients followed and reviewed at least 6 months were included. Evaluation was based on the anatomical criteria of Leeds and Ehrlich, the functional score of Kitaoka at 06 months. Results: The surgery delay was fifteen days ranging 01 day to 40 days. On a serie of 38 patients treated, anatomical assessment according to the Leeds and Ehrlich criteria found 85% of good reductions. According to the Kitaoka score at 6 months, 52,5% (n=20) of the scores were excellent for close fracture and 39,5% (n=15) were good or average for open fracture and 08%(n=03) of poor score. Open fractures were prone to secondary complications such as early arthritis, malleolus non-union, and ankle joint infection. Conclusion: Surgical treatment of closed bimalleolar fractures gave good and excellent functional results. Open fractures were prone to early complications with a poor functional prognosis
Caractéristiques Bactériologiques de Oreochromis Niloticus (Linné, 1758) des Bassins d’élevage de la Lagune de Brebo et Adjin-Village (Bingerville-Côte d’Ivoire)
Get PDFEn vu de rechercher certaines causes de mortalité massives et récurrentes de Oreochromis niloticus dans le département de Bingerville (Côte d’Ivoire), une étude a été menée de mai à novembre 2020 à Adjin village et Bregbo. Les bactéries Aeromonas (41,41%), Salmonella sp (25,25%), Staphylococcus sp (18,18%), Lactobacillus sp (15,16%) ont été isolées. Cependant les proportions varient en fonction et des sites. Aeromonas et Salmonella sont les plus préoccupantes pour Oreochromis niloticus, car elles provoquent des infections graves pouvant entraîner une mortalité importante dans les populations de poissons, ainsi que des problèmes de sécurité alimentaire pour les humains. Staphylococcus peut causer des infections cutanées ou branchiales, mais est moins fréquent. Lactobacillus, au contraire, est généralement bénéfique pour le poisson et rarement associé à des effets négatifs.
In order to investigate certain causes of massive and recurrent mortality of Oreochromis niloticus in the department of Bingerville (Côte d'Ivoire), a study was conducted from May to November 2020 in Adjin village and Bregbo. Aeromonas bacteria (41.41%), Salmonella sp (25.25%), Staphylococcus sp (18.18%) and Lactobacillus sp (15.16%) were isolated. However, the proportions vary from site to site. Aeromonas and Salmonella are of greatest concern for Oreochromis niloticus, as they cause serious infections that can lead to significant mortality in fish populations, as well as food safety problems for humans. Staphylococcus can cause skin or gill infections, but is less common. Lactobacillus, on the other hand, is generally beneficial to fish and rarely associated with negative effects
Inclusion and Integration of Youth Needs in Youth Empowerment Programmes: A Mixed-Method Study of Nairobi and Trans Nzoia Counties
Get PDFThe youth bulge, a rapid population increase among young people caused by reduced infant mortality without a corresponding decrease in fertility rates, has recently become a pressing reality in Africa. It has triggered calls for concerted efforts from all development actors in the continent to ensure that youths are engaged in meaningful socio-economic and political advancement in their respective nations. As a result, many state and non-state youth empowerment programmes (YEPs) have been developed in Kenya over the last two decades, even as concerns continue to be raised about their efficacy and sustainability. This paper focuses on exploring the extent of youth inclusion and the integration of youth needs in YEPs in two counties: Nairobi, an urban setting, and Trans Nzoia, a rural setting. The study adopted a mixed-method research approach. First, a comparative youth survey was conducted in Nairobi and Trans Nzoia counties. The cross-sectional survey involved 244 youth respondents in the two counties and was complemented by Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), key informant interviews, and observation. Descriptive analysis through SPSS and thematic analysis were used to analyze the quantitative and qualitative data, respectively. The study established that youths participating in Youth Empowerment Programmes (YEPs) are primarily engaged as groups, rather than as individuals. In addition, youth inclusion in YEPs is generally lacking, with a majority of participants in both counties, 53.1% in Nairobi and 59.7% in Trans Nzoia, disagreeing with the statement that youth have a say in the programmes run in their respective areas. Regarding the integration of youth needs, the study found that young people experience limitations in accessing finance and support from programme officers. The study recommends enhancing avenues for youth engagement to facilitate greater efficacy in the conceptualization and execution of YEPs in Kenya
The Impact of Aligning Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory with a Comprehensive Teacher Education Model on Preservice Teachers’ Attitudes and Teaching Practice
Get PDFSince its inception, experiential learning has been a foundational tenant of teacher education. However, it is questionable to what extent authentic experiential learning practices are actually taking place. Based on Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory Model, this paper presents an approach to addressing this issue. This exploratory manuscript further examines Kolb’s Experiential Learning Cycle (ELC) and considers its implications for Experiential Learning Theory (ELT) in teacher education. A description of the teacher education program in the CRMEF (Centre Régional des Métiers de l’Education et de la Formation) is provided, followed by results from a quantitative and qualitative survey triangulated with teacher trainees’ reflection journals to evaluate the training program in terms of the teacher trainees’ developing confidence and competence in teaching. This paper focuses on exploring the implementation of this approach for teacher education in the CRMEF. Results indicate that a large majority of the participants developed confidence in teaching through this approach, subsequently changing their perceptions and attitudes toward teaching English. Specific learning experiences that contributed to their confidence and competence include in-person, experiential, and hands-on approaches to learning relevant skills and knowledge, confirming the importance of using Kolb’s ELC as the foundation for teacher education programs. The study recommends that teacher educators should enhance their programs by providing pre-service teachers with instruction in authentic experiential learning pedagogy. Therefore, a comprehensive model for teacher education is proposed to demonstrate the role of experiential learning
Management of Extra-Uterine Pregnancies at the Community Clinic
Get PDFEctopic pregnancy (EP) is an obstetric emergency affecting women in the first trimester of pregnancy. We decided to find out more about the management of these women. This was a cross-sectional study over a period of 6 months, from 1st November 2022 to 29th April 2023, covering patients operated on and medically treated for EP at the Community University Hospital(CHUC). During this period, we recorded 103 cases of ectopic pregnancy out of 1659 deliveries, representing a frequency of 6.2%. Patients under 35 years of age were the most common (88.3%). The majority of our patients had reached secondary school (54.4%) and were multiparous (33%). The gestational age of 8 - 12 SA was the most affected at the time of consultation. Radical surgery remains the most widely used treatment, accounting for 84.2% of cases in our study. Ectopic pregnancy is an extreme obstetric emergency in the first trimester which requires appropriate management. The best treatment is primary prevention by avoiding risk factors
Sistema Endocannabinoide y su potencial terapéutico para el tratamiento del acné
Get PDFEl acné es una afección compleja que afecta a millones de personas en todo el mundo, se dirige a las unidades pilosebáceas de la piel y aparece tanto en forma inflamatoria como no inflamatoria. Dada su naturaleza multifactorial, el tratamiento del acné a menudo implica una variedad de terapias integrales, que pueden aumentar los costos. Objetivo: realizar una investigación teórica sobre la fisiopatología del acné y sus características para enfocar dicho conocimiento en el establecimiento de nuevas dianas terapéuticas como el sistema endocannabinoide que mejore el entendimiento para el desarrollo potencial de tratamientos más efectivos contra este padecimiento. Métodos. Se utilizaron plataformas para la búsqueda de la información considerando algunas palabras clave como "Endocannabinoid System", "sebaceous glands" and acne vulgaris. Resultados: Se encontraron alrededor de 3,242 artículos, en el buscador de PubMed, "Acne vulgaris" (1,588), "Endocannabinoid System" (812), "sebaceous glands" (842). En el Googe schoolar, se encontró alrededor de 199,000, 93,800 y 135,000 artículos respectivamente. Conclusión: El sistema endocannabinoide se considera una diana terapéutica potencial para el tratamiento del acné debido a que las glándulas sebáceas muestran relación con este sistema, presentando efectos antiinflamatorios y antiproliferativos sobre células dérmicas.
Millions of people worldwide suffer from acne, a complicated disorder that can be either inflammatory or non-inflammatory and affects the skin's pilosebaceous units. Because acne is complex, treating it frequently entails using a range of integrative therapies, which might raise expenses. Aim: To conduct theoretical research on acne pathophysiology and its features to concentrate that knowledge on identifying novel therapeutic targets, such as the endocannabinoid system, which advances our understanding of the condition and may lead to the creation of more potent treatments. Methods: Information was found using platforms that took into account keywords like "Endocannabinoid System," "sebaceous glands", and "acne vulgaris". Findings: The PubMed search engine yielded about 3,242 articles about "Acne vulgaris" (1,588), "Endocannabinoid System" (812), and "sebaceous glands" (842). Google Scholar yielded about 199,000, 93,800, and 135,000 articles, respectively. Conclusion: Because of its association with the sebaceous glands and its anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects on dermal cells, the endocannabinoid system is thought to be a promising therapeutic target for acne treatment
Caractéristiques des jeunes filles en situation vulnérable et insertion professionnelle : étude de cas des 15-25 ans dans la commune de Fianarantsoa I, Madagascar
Get PDFÀ Madagascar, la vulnérabilité socio-économique des jeunes filles et leur insertion professionnelle constituent un défi majeur de développement. Cette problématique est particulièrement prégnante dans la commune de Fianarantsoa I, où l'exclusion du système éducatif et l'accès limité aux services de base compromettent leur intégration socio-professionnelle. Cette étude vise à : (1) analyser les vulnérabilités socio-économiques des jeunes filles (15-25 ans) de la commune de Fianarantsoa I dans leur parcours d'insertion +professionnelle ; (2) évaluer l'efficacité des politiques publiques locales en matière de réinsertion socio-professionnelle. Une approche méthodologique mixte a été déployée, combinant des entretiens semi-directifs (n=45) auprès d'acteurs sociaux et de jeunes filles en situation de vulnérabilité, et une enquête quantitative (n=150). La collecte de données s'est effectuée en partenariat avec la Maison des Jeunes (MDJ) et l'Aide aux Femmes et Filles en Détresse (AFFD). Les données qualitatives ont fait l'objet d'une analyse thématique systématique. L'analyse révèle une prévalence élevée de la déscolarisation précoce, avec 28 participantes (18,7%) n'ayant pas dépassé le niveau primaire. Les vulnérabilités majeures identifiées comprennent les problèmes de santé reproductive (82%), les grossesses précoces (45%) et le sans-abrisme (38%), fréquemment associés aux violences basées sur le genre. En outre, 75% des participantes rapportent une double discrimination (stigmatisation sociale et sous-qualification professionnelle) entravant leur accès à l'emploi formel, malgré leur participation aux programmes de formation professionnelle. Conclusion : Cette étude met en évidence l'interconnexion des vulnérabilités affectant cette population et préconise le renforcement des politiques publiques locales selon trois axes prioritaires : l'accès à l'éducation, l'amélioration des services de santé reproductive et le développement d'opportunités de formation professionnelle qualifiante. La lutte contre les discriminations et le renforcement des qualifications émergent comme des leviers stratégiques pour l'insertion socio-professionnelle de ces jeunes filles.
In Madagascar, the socio-economic vulnerability of young girls and their professional integration represents a major development challenge. This issue is particularly acute in the municipality of Fianarantsoa I, where exclusion from the educational system and limited access to basic services compromise their socio-professional integration. This study aims to: (1) analyze the socio-economic vulnerabilities of young girls (15-25 years) in the municipality of Fianarantsoa I during their professional integration journey; (2) evaluate the effectiveness of local public policies regarding socio-professional reintegration. A mixed methodological approach was implemented, combining semi-structured interviews (n=45) with social actors and vulnerable young girls, and a quantitative survey (n=150). Data collection was conducted in partnership with the Youth Center (MDJ) and Aid to Women and Girls in Distress (AFFD). Qualitative data underwent systematic thematic analysis. The analysis reveals a high prevalence of early school dropout, with 28 participants (18.7%) not progressing beyond primary-level education. Major vulnerabilities identified include reproductive health issues (82%), early pregnancies (45%), and homelessness (38%), frequently associated with gender-based violence. Furthermore, 75% of participants report experiencing dual discrimination (social stigmatization and professional under-qualification) hindering their access to formal employment, despite their participation in vocational training programs. This study highlights the interconnection of vulnerabilities affecting this population and advocates for strengthening local public policies along three priority axes: access to education, improvement of reproductive health services, and development of qualifying vocational training opportunities. The fight against discrimination and the enhancement of qualifications emerge as strategic levers for the socio-professional integration of these young girls