European Scientific Journal, ESJ
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La Motivation chez les Directeurs des Ecoles: Synthèse Théorique et Propositions Pratiques
Get PDFCet article est une synthèse de la littérature autour de la motivation au travail regroupant toutes les théories liées à ce domaine. Ainsi, il servira comme support didactique aux professeurs et formateurs mais aussi un outil pour les chefs d’équipes en fonction qui pourra les aider à mieux gérer et motiver les ressources humaines sous leur direction.
Ce travail est venu à la suite d’une évaluation diagnostique au cours de la formation des cadres de l’administration pédagogique. Les résultats ont montré une déficience accrue aux savoirs et savoir-faire des stagiaires autour de la notion de motivation, pourtant très importante dans leur travail. 57% seulement connaissent des théories de la motivation et aucune proposition d’intervention ne lie théorie et pratique. Toutefois, l’unanimité avoue le rôle important du directeur dans la motivation des enseignants.
This article aims to be a reference for academics interested in work motivation. It is a synthesis of the literature on work motivation, encompassing all theories related to this field. Thus, this work will serve as a teaching support for professors and trainers, as well as a tool for team leaders in their management and motivation of the human resources under their supervision.
This work follows a diagnostic evaluation during the training of school principals. The results showed a deficiency in the knowledge and skills of trainees regarding the concept of motivation, which is nonetheless crucial in their work. Only 57% are familiar with theories of motivation, and no intervention proposal connects theory and practice. However, there is a unanimous acknowledgment of the important role of the director in motivating teachers
Gothic Experiences in Jane Eyre, Wuthering Heights and The Tenant of Wildfell Hall
Get PDFThis paper thoroughly analyses the theme of the gothic imagination in the works of Charlotte, Emily and Anne Bronte, specifically in Jane Eyre, Wuthering Heights and The Tenant of Wildfell Hall. The novels portray romantic and sublime scenes with elements of terror, horror, and the uncanny, which contribute to the gothic feelings experienced by the characters. The study also explores women's suffering in the context of gothic thought. Various factors inherent to the gothic genre actually contribute to the 19th century readers’ fascination with the supernatural and thrilling emotions. This work explores gothic experiences depicted in novels using gothic tropes and critical approaches such as Marxism, feminism, or psychoanalysis. The use of the framing narrative technique remains a distinctive aspect of this study which worthily includes The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, a book that many critics have wrongly overlooked when interpreting the Bronte sisters’ novels in the light of the gothic trend. The analysis considers the common gothic features that characterise the novels, rather than treating them separately. This reinforces and enhances the scope of the analysis of the Gothic vision of these Victorian novelists
Modern Analyses of Macroeconomic Indices for Medium and Long Term Plans in Georgia
Get PDFThis paper analyzes the economic growth of Georgia through the lens of two key indicators: income/GDP per worker (representing productivity) and income/GDP per capita (representing prosperity). It emphasizes the importance of using Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) adjusted data to avoid misleading comparisons between countries with different price levels. The paper highlights three key stylized facts about Georgia's economy: Transformational Shock: Georgia's GDP per capita fell dramatically by 468% in less than ten years due to the collapse of the Soviet economic system. This is a unique event in modern economic history, with no other country experiencing such a sharp decline; Unstable Growth Rates: Unlike the U.S. which shows a relatively stable 2% annual growth rate over 150 years, Georgia's economic growth rates lack a clear trend and fluctuate significantly; Negative Correlation Between Cyclical Unemployment and GDP Gap: The cyclical unemployment rate and the GDP gap in Georgia are inversely correlated. As the unemployment rate falls below the natural rate of unemployment, the GDP gap widens, indicating potential overheating in the economy. The paper argues that existing models of economic growth, often based on developed economies with different macroeconomic realities, may not be suitable for analyzing Georgia's situation. It calls for the development of models that explicitly consider the unique features of Georgia's economy, including the transformational shock, unstable growth rates, and the relationship between unemployment and GDP. Overall, the paper raises important questions about the nature of economic growth in Georgia and the need for tailored models to understand its specific dynamics
Behavioral Public Administration (BPA): The Need for a New Field (Literature Review)
Get PDFModern scientific literature agrees on the issue that it is impossible to perceive public administration as a separate field. Public administration as a field, by general definition, includes the implementation of public policy and the structure and work of various actors (state or non-state) involved in the implementation process. Due to the voluminous nature of the mentioned field, it is not appropriate to consider them separately, because the organizations involved in the process of public policy implementation are not self-generated structures but each organization relies on human resources. Therefore, in the agenda of the scientific space, together with the research in the field of public administration, there was a need to use the results of the research of behavioral science.
The paper specifically deals with the issue of analyzing the necessity of behavioral public administration as a field, which is analyzed through a literature review. The sources used to analyze the mentioned issue include relevant scientific articles and books.
The purpose of the study is to determine and analyze the connection between behavioral science and the field of public administration, and the effectiveness of their combination, which leads to the broader goal of the study, which should answer the question of the necessity and effectiveness of the existence of behavioral public administration as a field.
The relevance of the research stems from the broad nature of the field of public administration, which puts on the agenda the need to combine the achievements of various adjacent fields
Unemployment and Digital Labor Platforms in Georgia
Get PDFThis article addresses the pressing issues of unemployment and employment in Georgia over the past three decades. With an average unemployment rate of around 20 percent, affecting approximately 300,000 people from 2010 to 2022, the labor force faces significant challenges. The advent of technological progress has highlighted the necessity for novel approaches to the labor market. In this context, digital work platforms have emerged as potential solutions, offering new forms of employment and creating opportunities driven by advancements in digital technologies. The aim of this study is to identify innovative employment opportunities in the context of the current unemployment situation in order to improve the Georgian labor market conjunction. The study draws upon interviews with labor market specialists and presents conclusions based on primary and secondary data. While the research indicates that digital work platforms do not currently play a major role in employment, their significance is projected to grow in the future. The extent of their impact on the population's employment prospects will depend on Georgia's technological development and educational level. These platforms demonstrate the potential to generate flexible jobs and provide supplementary income opportunities. However, challenges associated with their development must be addressed for their successful integration into the labor market
European Universities Best Practices: The Case of INVEST EU Alliance
Get PDFEstablished in 2018, the European Universities Initiative (EUI) strives to foster collaboration and integration among higher education institutions across Europe. The EUI's core objectives encompass forging transnational alliances, facilitating mobility, championing multidisciplinary approaches, celebrating linguistic diversity, advancing innovation and research, prioritizing student-centered learning, and nurturing long-term sustainability. Central to this initiative is the enhancement of education quality and the promotion of student-centric learning methodologies. Within the scope of the EUI, the INVEST European University stands out as one of the 47 integrated alliances, endorsed by the European Commission. INVEST is dedicated to crafting distinctive collaborative educational paradigms that contribute significantly to regional progress and sustainability. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the INVEST Joint Education Model, showcasing a range of excellent practices that position the alliance as a key player in the European educational landscape. Specifically, this paper delves into the strategic quality assurance framework, the unified pedagogical approach supporting diverse educational products, the dynamic collaborative platforms like living labs that engage stakeholders and serve as experimentation grounds, the enriching fellowship programs, faculty and student mobility initiatives, eco-friendly digitalization of services, and innovative entrepreneurship and internationalization processes. This study not only offers insightful recommendations but also tangible real-world examples for instructional and support staff navigating the realm of digital transformation within inter-institutional partnerships
Connaissances, attitudes et pratiques de la dépigmentation cosmétique volontaire dans les lycées, collèges et universités du département des Collines au Bénin
Get PDFIntroduction : la pratique de la dépigmentation cosmétique volontaire est de plus en plus adoptée par les jeunes filles. Ce phénomène de " mode " révèle un certain aspect socio-anthropologique qui assimile la couleur noire de la peau à une vision négative et inférieure de l'être humain.
Méthode : il s'agit d'une étude transversale réalisée entre avril et mai 2023 qui a concerné 1039 étudiantes des écoles et universités du département des Collines sélectionnées par sondage aléatoire simple à plusieurs degrés.
Résultats : la prévalence de la dépigmentation chez les filles enquêtées est de 78,2%. Les principaux produits utilisés sont les savons à base de dérivé mercuriel et d'hydroquinone (21,55%) et les lotions à base d'hydroquinone et de corticoïdes (75,65). 50% de ces filles savaient ce qu'était la dépigmentation. Pour 82,9% d'entre elles, la couleur de la peau est une représentation d'un critère de beauté et 14,5% l'associent à un critère de classe sociale. Les principales motivations sont entre autres : être plus belle (58,8%) ; unifier le teint (23,0%) ; plaire aux hommes (15,5%) ; à l'occasion d'événements sociologiques tels que le mariage ou le baptême (1,7%) et la rivalité (0,8%). 49,8 % avaient pour complication principale une dyschromie, 24,1 % des vergetures, 14,9 % des dermatites allergiques, 3,3 % de l'acné et 3,0 % des mycoses.
Conclusion : la prévalence des dépigmentations enregistrées est très élevée et les actions de sensibilisation ainsi que la rigueur dans le contrôle des produits dépigmentants doivent être renforcées.
Introduction: the practice of voluntary cosmetic depigmentation is increasingly being adopted by young girls. This “fashion” phenomenon reveals a certain socio-anthropological aspect, which equates the black color of the skin with a negative and inferior vision of the human being.
Method: this is a cross-sectional study carried out between April and May 2023 which involved 1039 female students from schools and universities in the Collines department selected by simple multistage random sampling.
Results: the prevalence of depigmentation among the girls surveyed was 78.2%. The main products used were soaps based on mercurial derivative and hydroquinone (21.55%) and lotions based on hydroquinone and corticosteroids (75.65). 50% of these girls knew what depigmentation was. For 82.9% of them, skin color is a representation of a beauty criterion and 14.5% relate it to a social class criterion. The main motivations are among others: to be more beautiful (58.8%); even out the complexion (23.0%); pleasing men (15.5%); on the occasion of sociological events such as marriage or baptisms (1.7%) and rivalry (0.8%). 49.8% had dyschromia as the main complication; 24.1% had stretch marks, 14.9% had allergic dermatitis, 3.3% had acne; and 3.0% had mycoses.
Conclusion: the prevalence of depigmentation recorded is very high and awareness-raising actions as well as rigor in the control of depigmenting products should be increased
Obstacles to Development of Entrepreneurship in Pakistan
Get PDFThis paper aims to examine the obstacles to entrepreneurship in Pakistan. The study has adopted a qualitative and quantitative approach through descriptive approach. It conducted in-depth interviews and group discussions with mid and senior-level managements of SMEs and non-SMEs, as well as think tanks and students from relevant disciplines. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests were followed by using Likert Scales for robustness in findings. A questionnaire was sent through e-mail to 150 Small or Medium Size Enterprises, SMEs, and 204 non-SMEs. 83 responses from SMEs and 135 responses from non-SMEs were obtained. The results show that the obstacles to entrepreneurship in Pakistan are multiple. Political instability, a deficient legal system, red tape-filled bureaucracy, and access to funding were registered as the main obstacles to entrepreneurship in Pakistan. The study recommends that the government adopt long-term objectives and strategies for SMEs and take a proactive stance
Plafonnement des Carrières Académiques au Maroc : Analyse Approfondie par les Equations Structurelles
Get PDFCet article vise à contribuer à la compréhension du plafonnement des carrières dans le contexte universitaire, en identifiant ses différentes composantes, facteurs influents et conséquences, en donnant la parole aux enseignants chercheurs dans les universités publiques au Maroc. Pour ce faire, nous avons adopté une approche de recherche hybride, combinant des méthodes inductives et déductives, ainsi que des approches qualitatives et quantitatives. En plus de mener une étude qualitative exploratoire auprès de 18 enseignants-chercheurs et six acteurs institutionnels ; (dont les résultats ont déjà été publiés partiellement (Maghni & Taoussi, 2018 et 2023)), nous avons également réalisé une enquête extensive en utilisant un questionnaire auprès de 117 universitaires. Ce questionnaire a été administré en ligne via un formulaire HTML envoyé aux participants. Les échelles de mesure ont été évaluées en termes de fiabilité et de cohérence interne, puis soumises à une analyse factorielle sous SPSS. La méthode PLS a été employée pour valider le modèle interne, évaluer l'adéquation du modèle externe et tester les hypothèses formulées. Les résultats mettent en évidence la diversité des perceptions des professeurs universitaires au Maroc concernant le plafonnement des carrières, en identifiant des facteurs individuels, organisationnels et contextuels qui ont été validés, ainsi que l'impact du plafonnement des carrières académiques sur l’engagement affectif envers l’établissement de travail, le stress au travail, l’efficacité dans l’avancement de carrière et l’auto-motivation d’évolution.
This article aims to contribute to the understanding of career plateauing in the university context by identifying its various components, influential factors, and consequences while giving a voice to university professors in public universities in Morocco. To achieve this, we adopted a hybrid research approach, combining inductive and deductive methods, as well as qualitative and quantitative approaches. In addition to conducting an exploratory qualitative study with 18 university professors and six institutional actors; ( the results of which have already been partially published (Taoussi & Maghni, 2023)), we also conducted an extensive survey using a questionnaire with 117 academics. This questionnaire was administered online through an HTML form sent to the participants. The measurement scales were assessed for reliability and internal consistency and then subjected to factor analysis using SPSS. The PLS method was used to validate the internal model, assess the fit of the external model, and test the formulated hypotheses. The results highlight the diversity of perceptions among university professors in Morocco regarding career plateauing, identifying individual, organizational, and contextual factors that have been validated, as well as the impact of academic career plateauing on affective commitment to the workplace, work stress, career advancement effectiveness, and self-motivation for progression
Evaluation de l’Alimentation Séquentielle à Base d’une Ration Contenant des Feuilles de Manioc Post -Récolte (Manihot esculenta) sur les Performances Zootechniques des Poulets de Chair Standard en Finition
Get PDFAprès la récolte des tubercules, les feuilles de manioc sont abandonnées dans les champs. Elles sont une source en protéines brutes en alimentation séquentielle chez la volaille. L’objectif de ce travail était d’évaluer les performances des poulets de chair nourris avec un aliment à base de ces feuilles dans un mode de distribution séquentiel. Pour atteindre cet objectif, un échantillon de 60 poulets de la souche COBB 500 âgés de 26 jours a été réparti en deux lots (témoin et traité). Les oiseaux du lot témoin ont été nourris avec un aliment contenant 5 % de farine de manioc servi dans une seule mangeoire alors que ceux du lot traité ont reçu dans une première mangeoire les ingrédients riches en énergie et dans une seconde mangeoire des éléments riches en protéines brutes et en minéraux. Les deux mangeoires ont été placées dans le poulailler à un intervalle de 4 heures. Le traitement n’a induit aucune mortalité et n’ a pas affecté le poids vif final. Cependant, l’alimentation séquentielle a amélioré significativement (p ˂ 0,05) la consommation d’eau en S6 (680ml/sujet vs780ml), et la consommation des feuilles de manioc en fin d’expérimentation (9,4g/sujet vs 11,20g) L’alimentation séquentielle a également amélioré le GMQ final (38g/jour vs 61g) et l’indice de consommation final (4,8 vs 3,11). L’économie des matières azotées en phase de finition a permis un gain de 112,13 F CFA/sujet chez les traités. L’incorporation des feuilles de manioc en mode séquentiel apporte une plus-value en aviculture tropicale.
After harvesting the tubers, the waste cassava leave are left over the fields. They may constitute a source of crude proteins in sequential feeding for poultry. The present study aimed to evaluate the performances of broiler fed with diet- based cassava leaf, by using a sequential distribution. A sample of 60 chickens of COBB 500 strain, 26 days old was divided into two groups (control and treatment). The birds of control group were fed with diet containing 5% of flour of cassava leaf distributed in a single throughout whereas those of the treatment group received in a first feeder ingredients more rich in Kcal and in a second feeder more rich in crude proteins and minerals. The two feeders were placed in the hen house with a 4 hours interval. The treatment did not induce any mortality and does not have affected the final live weight. However, the sequential feeding improved (p ˂ 0. 05) water consumption at week 6 (680ml/broiler vs 780ml), and the leaf consumption at the end of the experimentation (9.4g/broiler vs 11,20g). The sequential feeding also improved the final DGW (38g/day vs 61g) and the final index of consumption (4.8 vs 3.11). The best use of crude proteins in sequential feeding allowed a profit of 112.13 F CFA/broiler. The incorporation of waste leaf cassava in poultry diets in a sequential feeding is useful in poultry production in tropical farming