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Facteurs associés aux décès maternels liés à l’avortement volontaire vu au centre hospitalier universitaire gynécologie obstétrique Befelatanana, Antananarivo Madagascar
Get PDFObjectif : Identifier les facteurs associés aux décès maternels liés à l’avortement volontaire. Méthode : Il s’agit d’une étude cas-témoins sur une période de 7 ans allant du mois de janvier 2013 au mois de décembre 2019. Un cas se définit comme un décès maternels lié à l’avortement volontaire tandis qu’un témoin c’est une femme hospitalisée ayant eu un avortement volontaire et sortie vivant de l’hôpital. Des régressions logistiques multivariées ont été utilisées pour rechercher les facteurs associés aux décès maternels liés à l’avortement volontaire. L’Odds Ratio ajustés (ORA) avec son intervalle de confiance à 95% a été utilisé pour identifier ces facteurs. La signification statistique est fixée à p < 0.05. Résultats : Durant cette période, 52 cas et 104 témoins ont été recrutés. L’âge moyen a été de 28,38 ± 7,67 ans. La majorité des femmes a été mariées (87,2%). La mortalité maternelle liée à l’avortement volontaire a augmenté de l’année 2013 à 2019 (8,9% en 2013 et 17,0% en 2019). Les variables suivantes ont été associées significativement aux décès maternels liés à l’avortement volontaire : âge ≤ 18 et ≥ 35 ans (ORA = 2,4 [1,2-5,3] ), l’antécédent de plus d’un avortement (ORA= 7,3 [3,2-34,9]), la connaissance de méthode d’avortement (ORA= 22,9 [2,2-44,5]), l’hypotension artérielle systolique inférieur à 89 mmHg (ORA=9,4 [1,2-86,9]), la fréquence cardiaque entre 60 à 90 battements par minute (ORA=9,0 [1,3-78,7]) et les femmes qui ont obtenu une prise en charge chirurgicale (ORA=5,8 [2,1-9,9]). Les autres paramètres évalués n’ont pas été associés à la mortalité maternelle. Conclusion : L’âge ≤ 18 et ≥ 35 ans, un antécédent de plus d’un avortement, la connaissance de méthode d’avortement, l’hypotension artérielle systolique inférieur à 89 mmHg, la fréquence cardiaque entre 60 à 90 battements par minute et la prise en charge chirurgicale ont été les facteurs associés à la mortalités maternelles liés à l’avortement. La planification familiale, la mise en place de service des soins après avortement ainsi que la prise en charge adéquate selon les cas peuvent être réduire les décès maternels.
Objective: Identify the factors associated with maternal mortality related to abortion. Methods: This is a case-control study over a period of 7 years from January 2013 to December 2019. A case is defined as a maternal mortality related to induced abortion, while a control is a hospitalized woman who had an induced abortion and was discharged from the hospital alive. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to look for factors associated with maternal mortality related to abortion. The adjusted odds ratio (ORA) with a 95% confidence interval was used to identify these factors. The statistical significance is set at p < 0.05. Results: During this period, 52 cases and 104 controls were recruited. The mean age was 28,38 ± 7.67 years. The majority of women were married (87.2%). Maternal mortality related to induced abortion increased from 2013 to 2019 (8.9% in 2013 and 17.0% in 2019). The following variables were significantly associated with maternal mortality related to abortion: age ≤ 18 and ≥ 35 years (ORA= 2.4 [1.2-5.3]), history of more than one abortion (ORA= 7.3 [3.2-34.9]), knowledge of abortion method (ORA= 22.9 [2.2-44.5]), hypotension systolic less than 89 mmHg (ORA = 9.4 [1.2-86.9]), heart rate between 60 and 90 beats per minute (ORA= 9.0 [1.3-78.7]) and women who received surgical treatment (ORA=5.8 [2.1-9.9]). The other parameters evaluated were not associated with maternal mortality. Conclusion: age ≤ 18 and ≥ 35 years, history of more than one abortion, knowledge of abortion method, hypotension systolic less than 89 mmHg, heart rate between 60 and 90 beats per minute, and the surgical treatment were the factors associated with maternal mortality related to abortion. Family planning, the establishment of post-abortion care services, and the appropriate care can reduce maternal mortality related to abortion
Examining the Multifaceted Determinants of Antenatal Care Utilization in Ghana Using Structural Equation Modelling
Get PDFIntroductions: Maternal and newborn mortality remains a critical global public health challenge, especially in middle- and lower-income countries. One of the most effective strategies for reducing these mortality rates is the adequate utilization of antenatal care (ANC). This study investigated the determinants influencing ANC utilization and aimed to predict the demographic characteristics that impact ANC attendance using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted with 254 pregnant women at St. Lucas Hospital in Ghana. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. SEM and Chi-square analysis were employed to model and examine the determinants influencing antenatal care utilization. Results: The findings revealed that the majority (72%) of postpartum mothers had four or more ANC contacts during their most recent pregnancy, with 47.6% initiating ANC attendance in the first trimester. ANC usage was significantly associated with maternal education level (P = 0.000), occupational status (P = 0.000), age (P = 0.030), marital status (P = 0.034), religious affiliation (P = 0.000), husband's education (P = 0.000), and husband's occupation (P = 0.000).. Furthermore, SEM analysis showed that community factors (P = 0.005) and health provider factors (P = 0.000) were important in ANC utilization. This study identified significant demographic factors, such as maternal and husband’s education and occupation, and highlighted the critical roles of health providers and community factors in ANC utilization. Conclusions: This study established some essential determinants such as health provider and community factors in the utilization of ANC contacts. The study also revealed some demographic characteristics as crucial determinants of ANC attendance
Facteurs associés à la positivité de la COVID-19 chez les patients dans les districts sanitaires de Cocody-Bingerville et Marcory Treichville en 2021
Get PDFLa maladie à coronavirus (COVID-19) est une maladie infectieuse due au virus SRAS-CoV-2 dont les symptômes les plus courants sont la fièvre, la fatigue et une toux sèche ainsi que des symptômes plus graves, dont la dyspnée. En Côte d’Ivoire, des établissements sanitaires ne disposant pas de capacité propre pour effectuer des tests, les données sur les cas positifs de COVID-19 ne traduisaient pas la réalité sur le terrain chez les usagers ou patients des hôpitaux d’Abidjan présentant des signes évocateurs de la Covid-19. L’objectif de cette étude était donc d’estimer le taux de positivité de la COVID-19 chez les patients présentant des signes évocateurs de la maladie dans les Districts Sanitaires de Cocody-Bingerville et de Marcory-Treichville.
Il s’agit d’une étude transversale à visé analytique. L’étude a consisté à échantillonner du 19 mai au 1 juin 2021 en temps réel tous les patients de 4 ans et plus, présentant les symptômes évocateurs. Ainsi, au bout de quatre (14) jours, 1046 patients ont été prélevés, après l’obtention du consentement éclairé. Les résultats de la répartition des symptômes évocateurs, montre que la Fièvre, la Toux, la Rhinorrhée, les Difficultés respiratoires et l’Asthénie constituaient les symptômes les plus rencontrées chez les patients. Ces signes étaient aussi présents dans l’entourage des personnes enrôlées dans une proportion maximale de 10%. Sur 1046 prélèvements effectués, 25 (2,7%) étaient positifs au SARS-COV 2. Cette positivité à la COVID-19 n’était pas liée aux principaux symptômes évocateurs. Les tests statistiques étaient non significatifs P = 0.472, P = 0.107et P = 0.420 respectivement pour les facteurs toux, fièvre et asthénie.
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the most common symptoms of which are fever, malaise, and dry cough. More severe symptoms include respiratory distress. In Côte d'Ivoire, as health establishments do not have the capacity to carry out tests, the data on positive cases of COVID-19 did not reflect the reality on the ground, in hospital users in Abidjan presenting respiratory signs. The aim of this study was therefore to estimate the rate of COVID-19 positivity in patients presenting signs suggestive of the disease in the Health Districts of Cocody-Bingerville and Marcory-Treichville. This is a cross-sectional study with an analytical focus. From 19 May to 1 June 2021, all patients at least 4 years old with suggestive symptoms were sampled in real-time. Thus, after four (14) days, 1046 patients were sampled, after obtaining informed consent. The distribution of suggestive symptoms shows that fever, cough, rhinorrhoea, breathing difficulties, and asthenia (intense fatigue) were the symptoms most frequently encountered by patients. These signs were also present in the entourage of the people enrolled in a maximum proportion of 10%. Out of 1046 samples taken, 25 (2.7%) were positive for SARS-COV-2. This COVID-19 positivity was not related to the main suggestive symptoms. Statistical tests were non-significant (Pr = 0.472), (Pr = 0.107), and Pr = 0.420 respectively for the factors of cough, fever, and asthenia
Spatial distribution, abundance and infestation rate of freshwater intermediate host snails in Lake Kivu, DR Congo side
Get PDFMolluscs play an important role in public and veterinary health, making the continuous study of their distribution essential. The main goal of this investigation was to examine the distribution of freshwater molluscs in Lake Kivu, located on the DR Congo side. Semi-quantitative surveys conducted from January to December 2019 focused on selected sites within the lake, covering both the dry and wet seasons. Snails in the littoral zone of Lake Kivu were collected using a plankton net and pliers. The physicochemical parameters of the water at each site were measured using standard water quality analysis methods. The collected snails were morphologically identified using various identification keys. Biomphalaria species were analyzed (cercariometry) for trematode infestation. A total of 1,331 snails belonging to seven genera and 18 species were recorded during the study. The relative abundance of the recorded snail species was as follows: Biomphalaria pfeifferi (49.6%), Biomphalaria smithi (16.6%), Gabbiella spirilosa (10.6%), Bulinus truncatus (10.1%), Lymnaea natalensis (6.5%), Helisoma duryi (1.5%), Pila ovata and Tomichia ventricosa (0.8% each), Melanoides tuberculata (1.7%), Lymnaea columella and Tomichia hendrexyx (0.9% each), Bulinus forskalii and Tomichia zwellandanensis (0.9% each), Physa acuta (0.4%), Corbicula fluminalis (1.1%), Lymnaea palustris (0.2%), Tomichia kivuensis and Segmentorbis kempi (0.1% each). This study clarified the distribution and seasonal abundance of freshwater snails in Lake Kivu, DR Congo. Eighteen species of freshwater snails were identified during the malacological survey. The observed snail distribution provides insights into the epidemiology of trematode infections in the study area and highlights potential risks to human and animal health. The implications of these findings for controlling snail-borne trematodes are also discussed
Industrial Growth and Socio-Economic Impact: An Analysis of Armi's Manufacturing History in the Mongiana Industrial Village of Serre Calabria
Get PDFThe Mongiana Arms Factory in Calabria (Italy), built in 1852, constitutes a significant example of 19th century armoury. Designed by Domenico Fortunato Savino, active from 1852 to the mid-1860s, the factory produced 2000-3000 weapons annually for the bourbon army, with a peak of 7000-8000 in periods of maximum production. He introduced the «Mongiana» spring-loaded rifle, replacing the French model of 1842. After the unification of Italy, it lost relevance, being downgraded to a transformation workshop, and later closed. Today, part of the Ecomuseum of the Ironworks and Foundries of Calabria, the building has been under restoration since 2013. The Museum of the Royal Bourbon Ironworks, the result of a careful recovery process, allows for an in-depth exploration of the historical, economic, and technological role of the factory in the panorama of the steel industry of the time
Déterminants de l’Adoption des Variétés Améliorées de Maïs à l’Ouest du Burkina Faso
Get PDFLe présent article vise à analyser les déterminants de l’adoption des variétés améliorées de maïs par les producteurs au Burkina Faso. Pour ce faire, des données quantitatives ont été collectées par enquête auprès de 386 chefs de ménage sélectionnés de manière raisonnée dans onze villages de la région de la Boucle du Mouhoun. L’approche contrefactuelle basée sur l’effet moyen de traitement (ATE) a été utilisée. Les résultats ont montré que les caractéristiques importantes dans la décision d’adopter ou non les variétés améliorées par les producteurs sont le rendement élevé, le goût de la variété, la faible exigence en nutriment, l’aptitude à la conservation et la résistance à la sécheresse. Les déterminants de l’adoption des variétés améliorées de maïs ont été le prix de vente élevé du maïs, la conservation facile des graines produites et la résistance aux attaques parasitaires. Le poids du maïs dans les cultures pratiquées et la contribution du revenu de maïs aux dépenses alimentaires ont favorisé l’adoption des variétés améliorées de maïs. Le taux commun d’adoption et d’exposition est de 62 % avec cependant un écart d’adoption important de (-17%). L’amélioration du niveau d’adoption des variétés améliorées de maïs passe par une intensification de la vulgarisation.
This paper aims to analyze the determinants of farmers' adoption of improved varieties of maize. To do this, quantitative data were collected by a survey of 386 randomly selected heads of household in eleven villages of the region of “Boucle du Mouhoun”. The counterfactual approach based on the average treatment effect (ATE) was applied. Results showed that important characteristics in farmers' decision to adopt or not improve varieties are high yield, taste of the variety, low nutrient requirements, storage qualities, and drought resistance. Determinants of the adoption of improved maize varieties are the high selling price of maize, ease of storage of the seed produced, and resistance to pest attack. The importance of maize in crops and the contribution of maize income to food expenditure have encouraged the adoption of improved maize varieties. The common rate of adoption and exposure is 62%, although there is a significant gap in adoption (-17%). To improve the level of adoption of improved maize varieties, extension efforts need to be strengthened
Exploring the Components of Digital Identity on Social Networks Sites: Identifier, Post, Profile Photo, and Selfie
Get PDFThe digital age has ushered in a paradigm shift in self-expression and identity construction, with social network sites (SNSs) serving as vibrant canvases for individuals to shape and project their digital personality. This paper focuses on delving into the intricate components of digital identity on SNS, focusing on four key elements: identifiers, posts, profile photos, and selfies. Based on a descriptive and analytical method, this article attempts to draw up a detailed and nuanced analysis of the multiple facets of digital identity, thus providing a solid basis for in-depth understanding of this complex phenomenon in the specific context of social networks which technically regulate the representation of self. The results obtained show that the construction of a digital identity is framed by the architecture of SNSs, which incite users to manifest their selves, thus producing unlimited digital traces that reflect their personality traits. The results also provide an understanding of the structure of SNSs that aim to raise awareness of presenting a positive self-image in the digital world
Factores de Riesgo en la Automedicacion de Adultos en Santa Rosa Jaureui, Queretaro
Get PDFIntroducción: La automedicación es considerada como la libertad para consumir medicamentos sin prescripción médica, para el tratamiento de enfermedades o síntomas reconocidos por el paciente. Objetivo: Analizar los factores de riesgo para la automedicación en adultos que acuden al Centro de Salud de Santa Rosa Jáuregui, Querétaro. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal con enfoque cuantitativo donde el universo de estudio fueron adultos que acuden al centro de salud de Santa Rosa Jáuregui. Como instrumento se utilizó el “Cuestionario para los factores” y el “Cuestionario para la automedicación”. La muestra fue de 185 encuestados. Resultados: El 51.35 % de las personas manifiestan automedicarse por decisión propia. Los principales grupos farmacológicos usados para la práctica de automedicación son por analgésicos no esteroideos (AINES) con 86.48%, el grupo de tracto alimentario y metabolismo con igualdad de porcentaje con el grupo de antiinfecciosos para uso sistémico con el 57.29% ambos. Conclusiones: La automedicación constituye un hecho cotidiano en la mayoría de los hogares. Las personas consideran útil debido a la mejoría de sus síntomas.
Introduction: Self-medication is considered as the freedom to consume medicines without a doctor's prescription, for the treatment of diseases or symptoms recognized by the patient. Objective: To analyze the risk factors for self-medication in adults attending the Santa Rosa Jáuregui Health Center, Querétaro. Material and methods: Cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach where the universe of the study was adults attending the health center of Santa Rosa Jáuregui. The "Questionnaire for factors" and the "Questionnaire for self-medication" were used as instruments. The sample consisted of 185 respondents. Results: 51.35% of the people said that they self-medicate by choice. The main pharmacological groups used for the practice of self-medication are non-steroidal analgesics (NSAIDs) with 86.48%, the group of alimentary tract and metabolism with equal percentage with the group of anti-infectives for systemic use with 57.29% both. Conclusions: Self-medication is a daily occurrence in most households. People find it useful because of the improvement of their symptoms
Digital Services in Georgian Tourism – The Basis of Smart Tourism
Get PDFThe paper is an integral part of the project "Research on the use of digital products in the Georgian tourism sector" which won the internal grant projects competition of Grigol Robakidze University.
Digitalization is an inseparable part of the modern world. More and more companies are trying to refine and simplify both production and service. Digital technologies are helping companies in the tourism industry to expand the scope of their activities, covering a much larger scale than was previously possible. The use of digital technologies helps companies in the field of tourism not only to improve the service but also with its help the company can use online marketing, which significantly stimulates sales growth. There are a lot of essential modern digital trends that those in the tourism industry need to be aware of and adapt to if they are going to successfully optimize business performance. The objective of the chapter is to identify digital services in the Georgian tourism sector, determine the level of development of smart tourism, analyze its characteristics, and review challenges and opportunities in this direction
Conocimiento del Anticonceptivo de Emergencia o “Píldora del Día Siguiente”, en Estudiantes Universirarios
Get PDFIntroducción. Un embarazo no deseado se ha convertido en un grave problema de salud pública, el cual está estrechamente relacionado con una deficiente educación sexual, adopción de conductas sexuales de riesgo y poco conocimiento de los métodos anticonceptivos de emergencia. Objetivo. Determinar el nivel de conocimiento que tienen los jóvenes universitarios sobre el uso de la píldora del día siguiente, mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario, con la finalidad de tener un referente actual del fenómeno. Metodología. Estudio transversal, descriptivo, se trabajó con 308 estudiantes de la Facultad de Derecho y Química, de una universidad pública. Muestreo fue por conveniencia. Se consideraron alumnos cuyas parejas sexuales fueran del sexo contrario o bien, ambos y que tuvieran vida sexual activa, de quienes se obtuvo consentimiento verbal. Análisis de datos mediante estadística descriptiva usando el programa EXCEL y SPSS. Resultados. Se tuvieron 210 cuestionarios de la Facultad de Derecho y 98 de Química. 58% de los jóvenes fueron mujeres. Del total de participantes, 264 respondieron a la pregunta de si han usado alguna vez la pastilla. De estos, 77.3% sí han recurrido a ella desde que iniciaron su vida sexual. Con respecto al nivel de conocimientos, los alumnos de Derecho, tuvieron 30% de conocimiento regular y malo y en Química 30.6%. Con respecto al género, 31% de los datos erróneos, fueron de las mujeres y 40% de los varones. Conclusiones. Un alto porcentaje de alumnos han usado este medicamento, por lo que es necesario reforzar los conocimientos sobre su correcto uso.
Introduction. Unwanted pregnancies have become a serious public health problem, which is closely related to poor sexual education, adoption of risky sexual behaviors and little knowledge of emergency contraceptive methods. Objective. To determine the level of knowledge that young university students have about the use of the morning-after pill, through the application of a questionnaire, in order to have a current frame of reference about this phenomenon. Methodology. Cross-sectional, descriptive study. We worked with 308 students from the College of Law and Chemistry of a public university. We used convenience sampling. We considered students whose sexual partners were of the opposite or same sex, and who were sexually active, and their verbal consent was obtained. Data analysis was conducted through descriptive statistics using EXCEL and the SPSS program. Results. 210 questionnaires were obtained from the College of Law and 98 from Chemistry. 58% of the participants were women. Of the total participants, 264 responded to the question of whether they had ever used the pill. Of these, 77.3% indicated they have resorted to it since they became sexually active. Regarding the level of knowledge, 30% of Law students had average and poor knowledge, and Chemistry students 30.6%. Regarding gender, 31% of those with no knowledge of the pill were women and 40% were men. Conclusion. A high percentage of students have used this medication, so it is necessary to reinforce knowledge about its correct use