International Journal of Professional Business Review
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QUESTÕES METODOLÓGICAS PARA A REABILITAÇÃO TIPOLÓGICA E CONSTRUTIVA DA HABITAÇÃO TRADICIONAL DO CENTRO HISTÓRICO DE GUIMARÃES, PORTUGAL
Full text linkObjetivo: O objetivo deste artigo pressupõe uma análise à habitação considerada tipicamente vimaranense, que resulta de um processo de várias transformações desde as primeiras fixações no território e as alterações económicas, socais e construtivas que foram condicionando a arquitetura e a própria cidade.
Estrutura Teórica: A estrutura desta reflexão, após uma breve Introdução, em que se dão conta das principais caraterísticas do Centro Histórico de Guimarães, o capítulo 2 descreve a evolução construtiva da habitação desse mesmo Centro. No capítulo 3, com o título “A Casa Vimaranense – Proposta de Reabilitação” apresenta-se um caso prático, com as respetivas peças desenhadas e considerações tipológicas, técnicas e construtivas. Para terminar, na Conclusão, tecemos considerações sobre a relevância da recuperação no Património edificado e, principalmente aquele que se encontra nos centros históricos.
Método: O método utilizado nesta pesquisa, para além do conhecimento empírico das situações apresentadas, promove uma análise crítica dos argumentos apresentados por autores que estudaram os mesmos assuntos; sem nunca perder de vista a complexidade que a arquitetura contempla. Deste modo, a integração de um conjunto de saberes diversificados é fulcral para uma visão holísticas dos problemas e das soluções. Avançamos com um raciocínio dedutivo, que parte do geral para o particular e da teoria para a prática e, ao invés, de um raciocínio indutivo, que parte do particular para o geral, da prática para a teoria.
Resultados e Discussão: Os resultados tornam-se num conjunto de argumentos particulares, que pretendem produzir uma visão própria, uma visão em que a arquitetura se apresenta como um ofício capaz de influenciar a vida das pessoas. Considerando as novas exigências sociais e mantendo as técnicas construtivas, objetiva-se neste artigo o modelo de evolução da cidade de Guimarães a partir do seu Centro Histórico classificado Património da Humanidade pela UNESCO e procede-se à análise das questões estruturais e materiais que se apresentam como relevantes para o desenvolvimento prático de uma proposta de reabilitação de uma habitação tradicional no referido Centro Histórico. (Guimarães, 2024).
Implicações da Pesquisa: Esta pesquisa permite servir de exemplo para o estudo da intervenção em habitações tradicionais e apoiar a definição de estratégias para a reabilitação de espaços urbanos de interesse histórico, nomeadamente os classificados pela UNESCO.
Originalidade/Valor: Permite-nos esta pesquisa atribuir o “justo” valor ao património, à reabilitação, aos centros históricos e, simultaneamente, à cidade de Guimarães. Tendo a disseminação deste assunto já ter dado os seus frutos; pois outros artigos, destes mesmos autores, têm tido grande visibilidade no meio académico e científico
REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DA LITERATURA SOBRE: SEQUELAS NEUROLÓGICAS PÓS-COVID 19
Full text linkObjetivo: este trabalho busca entender e conhecer mais sobre o pós-covid, focando na parte neurológica, visto que, o pós pandemia está marcado por inúmeras sequelas e entre elas, estão as sequelas neurológicas.
Referencial Teórico: os impactos do pós COVID nos dias atuais, dando destaque para as sequelas neurológicas, estão cada vez mais evidentes, por isso este trabalho discute esta temática. Ainda, para melhor compreesão das sequelas, esta revisão aborda sobre as fisiopatologias viriais e a relação com os sintomas
Método: foi realizada uma revisão integrativa de artigos que tratam sobre as sequelas neurológicas do COVID-19.
Resultado e Discussão: Através da compreensão da fisiopatologia viral, conclui-se que existem três principais formas do vírus SARS-CoV-2 invadir o sistema nervoso central e causar sequelas como: cefaléia, perda de memória, confusão mental, acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico e alteração do sono. Entretanto, ainda não se pode fazer uma conclusão completa de como essas sequelas acontecem. Portanto, se faz necessário um maior entendimento acerca desses mecanismos invasores, para que as condutas eficazes e o melhor tratamento para essas sequelas possam ser definidos.
Implicações da Pesquisa: essa pesquisa é carregada de informações relevantes e associadas sobre as sequelas neurológicas pós COVID-19, auxiliando futuras pesquisas da área científica.
Originalidade: Este estudo traz consigo informações importantes para a população científica e médica, auxiliando no maior conhecimento acerca das sequelas neurológicas pós Covid-19 e, consequentemente em seus ideais tratamentos
TRANSFORMATION OF TRADITIONAL TO MODERN LEADERSHIPS IN THE VUCA ENVIRONMENT
Full text linkObjective: This thesis aims to examine the VUCA phenomenon's impact on leadership by tracing its evolution and aligning it with key characteristics of five leadership styles. It highlights the shift from traditional to modern leadership and the need for leadership traits that in response to the complexities and ambiguities of the external environment.
Theoretical Framework: Contemporary research expands leadership beyond authority, and this paper studies how leaders have adapted to these changes by analyzing the shift in leadership roles in response to the VUCA environment over recent decades.
Method: Literature review-based method emloyed to explain the ongoing shift from traditional to modern, the changes in role of leaders over the past decades by studying how different leadership styles can respond to the changes in VUCA environment
Results and Discussion: The findings show that effective leadership today requires not only authority but also the ability to influence, reassure, and support teams through uncertainty. This shift helps firms better address VUCA challenges and navigate future uncertainties.
Research Implications: This paper stresses the importance of flexibility in leadership theories to navigate the VUCA environment. It emphasizes key leadership traits that help businesses, from SMEs to large enterprises, adapt to today’s dynamic business landscape, fostering open-mindedness in leaders and advocating for tailored strategies to ensure business survival.
Originality/Value: This study enriches academic leadership theory, offering new perspectives on change and the survival of traditional leadership in modern times
APPLYING LEAN MANUFACTURING TO INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY
Full text linkObjective: Analyze and demonstrate how the application of the Lean Manufacturing methodology can increase productivity in manufacturing companies by identifying key tools, reducing waste and optimizing resources.
Theoretical Framework: Lean Manufacturing es una metodología derivada del Sistema de Producción Toyota (TPS) que busca maximizar el valor para el cliente mediante la eliminación de desperdicios y la mejora continua.
Method: A systematic literature review was conducted in scientific databases, selecting relevant studies from the last five years. Lean Manufacturing was compared with other management methodologies, such as Six Sigma and TQM, and success stories from different industries were analyzed.
Results and Discussion: The results show that Lean Manufacturing improves operational efficiency, reduces costs and optimizes processes by eliminating non-value-added activities. Key tools such as 5S, VSM, TPM and Kaizen were identified and have been successfully implemented in several companies to improve quality and productivity.
Research Implications: The study offers a practical guide for the implementation of Lean Manufacturing in manufacturing industries, providing theoretical and empirical evidence of its benefits. It also contributes to academic knowledge by analyzing its impact on different sectors and its integration with emerging technologies.
Originality/Value: This article highlights the applicability of lean manufacturing beyond the automotive sector, identifying its advantages and future prospects in Industry 4.0. The research provides a valuable framework for companies seeking to improve their efficiency through waste reduction and continuous improvement
DEMANDA POR COMPETÊNCIAS DE IA NO MERCADO DE TRABALHO: UMA ANÁLISE NO CONTEXTO DO DATA LABELER
Full text linkObjetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é investigar a demanda por habilidades relacionadas à Inteligência Artificial (IA), com foco no papel do Data Labeler, profissão essencial para o treinamento de algoritmos. Busca-se explorar as competências necessárias para atuar nesse contexto e identificar estratégias para preparar trabalhadores e empresas para o mercado de trabalho em transformação.
Referencial Teórico: A pesquisa fundamenta-se em teorias sobre transformação digital, automação e competências profissionais na era da IA. São abordados conceitos relacionados ao desenvolvimento de habilidades híbridas e ao papel estratégico do Data Labeler no processo de machine learning.
Método: Adotou-se uma abordagem qualitativa, baseada em revisão de literatura composta por artigos acadêmicos, livros e relatórios recentes. Foram selecionadas fontes confiáveis que discutem as mudanças nas profissões e a crescente demanda por competências técnicas e interpessoais relacionadas à IA.
Resultados e Discussão: Os resultados indicam que o Data Labeler deve possuir atenção aos detalhes, capacidade analítica e habilidades interpessoais, como trabalho em equipe. A discussão aponta a importância da formação de competências híbridas para a adaptação às transformações do mercado e destaca a necessidade de programas educacionais específicos.
Implicações da Pesquisa: Este estudo fornece insights práticos e teóricos sobre a preparação de profissionais para o mercado impulsionado pela IA, sugerindo iniciativas educacionais que abordem habilidades emergentes e contribuam para a competitividade organizacional.
Originalidade/Valor: A pesquisa contribui para a literatura ao destacar o Data Labeler como profissão emergente e estratégica, evidenciando a relevância das habilidades híbridas em um cenário de intensa automação e digitalização
OUTSMARTING THE HURDLES TO DIGITALIZING THE POSTAL SECTOR: THE CASE OF DEUTSCHE POST, POSTE ITALIANE, AND ROYAL MAIL
Full text linkObjective: The objective of this study is to explore the transition route from monopolistic, state-controlled postal service models to open and digitalized postal service systems, focusing on Deutsche Post, Poste Italiane, and Royal Mail. The research aims to understand how these companies leveraged their resources for digital transformation and the challenges they faced during this process.
Theoretical Framework: The study is grounded in the Resource-Based View (RBV) theory, which emphasizes the strategic use of internal resources and capabilities to achieve competitive advantage. This framework provides a lens to analyze how Deutsche Post, Poste Italiane, and Royal Mail utilized their unique resources and capabilities to navigate digital transformation.
Method: An explorative research design with a qualitative approach and interpretivist philosophical worldview was employed. Secondary data from 54 documents sourced from EBSCO Business Source Complete, Scopus, and Wiley Online Library were systematically reviewed. The data were categorized and analyzed according to the research questions, focusing on resource utilization and challenges in digital transformation.
Results and Discussion: The study revealed shared patterns and obstacles in the digital transformation journeys of the three postal companies. Key strategies included strategic asset utilization, proactive leadership, workforce capability development, leveraging reputational resources, and effective government policy frameworks. Challenges such as the digital divide, employment stability, pricing tactics, and balancing profitability with social accountability were identified. The companies successfully managed these challenges by enhancing digital services and adopting innovative strategies like diversifying into new business areas and fostering collaborations.
Research Implications: The findings offer practical insights for postal companies undergoing digital transformation, emphasizing the importance of investing in advanced technologies, sustainable practices, and strategic partnerships. Policymakers are encouraged to create supportive regulatory environments that promote fair competition and innovation in the postal sector.
Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by providing a comparative analysis of digital transformation in the postal sector, highlighting innovative strategies and practical solutions to common challenges. Its value lies in offering actionable recommendations for postal companies and policymakers, as well as identifying areas for future research, such as digitalization in African, American, and Asian postal markets and digital risk mitigation strategies
RESHAPING WORK IN THE UAE: TRENDS AND TENSIONS IN REMOTE AND HYBRID MODELS
Full text linkObjective: This study examines the evolution of remote work in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on structural trends, implementation challenges, and psychological impacts on employees across sectors.
Theoretical Framework: The analysis is grounded in two complementary frameworks: the Job Demands–Resources (JD-R) Model, which explains the interplay between job demands and resources in shaping employee outcomes, and Psychological Contract Theory, which explores how shifts in work arrangements affect perceived trust, fairness, and organizational commitment.
Method: A qualitative desktop-based research design was employed using secondary data sources. These included government policy documents, labor market reports, international benchmarking studies, and peer-reviewed literature published between 2020 and 2025. A thematic framework analysis was conducted to identify structural, behavioral, and psychological patterns in remote and hybrid work adoption.
Results and Discussion: The study found that although remote job postings in the UAE declined slightly from 4.3% in 2023 to 3.7% in 2024, hybrid work remains significantly more prevalent than pre-pandemic levels. Government reforms, such as the 2025 Ramadan directive mandating 70% remote work for federal employees, indicate a strategic shift toward institutionalizing flexibility. However, challenges persist related to managerial readiness, cultural expectations, and employee perceptions of recognition and career progression. Psychological outcomes were mixed: while many employees reported increased job satisfaction and improved work-life balance, others experienced fatigue, limited visibility, and disconnection.
Research Implications: These findings underscore the need for policy and leadership strategies that reinforce psychological contracts, support employee well-being, and ensure equitable performance recognition in hybrid work environments. Future studies should empirically assess sectoral variations and long-term effects of remote work practices on workforce engagement and productivity.
Originality/Value: This study contributes a contextual and theory-informed understanding of remote work transformation in the UAE, highlighting its unique socio-cultural, regulatory, and organizational dynamics. It offers practical insights for policymakers, organizational leaders, and HR practitioners seeking to design sustainable hybrid work models in the post-pandemic era
SOCIAL FINANCING AND PERFORMANCE OF EDUCATION PROJECTS IN DADAAB REFUGEE COMPLEX, KENYA
Full text linkIntroduction: In protracted refugee situations, education projects are essential for providing sustainable solutions for displaced populations. The Dadaab refugee complex, hosting a significant number of school-aged refugees, heavily relies on the success of these education initiatives. Despite their importance, many projects encounter challenges such as ineffective management strategies, leading to delays and increased costs. While global research has been conducted on the performance of education projects, the role of social financing in emergency contexts remains underexplored. This study uses the sector failure theory as a foundation to examine the influence of social financing on the performance of education projects managed by non-profit organizations (NPOs) in the Dadaab refugee complex. The sector failure theory offers effective social financing strategies to enhance education projects' performance, ensuring they meet the current and future needs of refugee learners. Employing a descriptive survey design, the study included 20 education projects in the area. Data was gathered through questionnaires from various stakeholders, including school principals, head teachers, learning center heads, board of management members, program managers, education officers, and Dadaab education directors. The findings reveal a significant positive relationship between social financing and project performance. However, only 29.8% of NPOs provided social finance support, such as cash assistance, school meal programs, and household cash transfers. The study calls for better social financing plans to improve the performance of education programs in the Dadaab refugee camp. Additionally, the study stresses the importance of integrating and monitoring these programs in refugee education to help those who need it.
Objective: The objective of this study is to examine the influence of social financing on the performance of education projects in Dadaab refugee complex, Kenya.
Theoretical Framework: The theoretical framework for this research is grounded in Sector Failure Theory, originally conceptualized by Weisbrod in 1988. This theory highlights the dynamics within the market that impede the achievement of set objectives, particularly in the context of Nonprofit Organizations (NPOs) compensating for government sector inadequacies (Young, 2021). The theory posits that when governmental sectors fail to provide essential services, NPOs step in to fulfill these roles. Sector Failure Theory is pertinent to understanding how decisions by funders, project managers, and implementers influence the outcomes of educational projects.
Method: The methodology adopted for this research comprises a descriptive research design aimed at examining the influence of social financing on project performance in refugee camps. A census approach was employed, involving all 121 target respondents selected from School Principals (6), Head Teachers (22), Learning Centre Heads (20), BOM members (36), Education Officers/Coordinators (20), Program Managers (15), and Dadaab Directors of Education (2). Data collection was carried out through structured questionnaires, selected for their efficiency in gathering information. These questionnaires were designed to assess the impact of cash transfers, cash assistance, and school meal programs on project performance.
Results and Discussion: The results revealed that social financing initiatives, including school meal programs and cash assistance, significantly enhance the performance of educational projects for refugee students. However, only 29.8% of nonprofit organizations currently provide such support, indicating a substantial funding gap. Despite this, 59.6% of respondents acknowledged the positive impact of these initiatives, though 87.7% raised concerns about their sustainability. In the discussion, these findings are contextualized within the sector failure theory, highlighting the critical role of social financing in addressing educational support gaps for refugees. While the benefits are consistent with existing research, the study emphasizes the challenges of sustaining these initiatives without extensive financial backing. To address these challenges, strict adherence to standard procedures for cash transfers and meal programs is recommended to ensure effective resource allocation. Building the capacity of the Board of Management members, parents, and refugee teachers is crucial. Moreover, involving the community in project planning and management can foster essential skills, encourage contributions, and promote ownership, ensuring long-term project success. Possible discrepancies and limitations include the reliance on a small percentage of NPOs for support and the unsustainable nature of current social finance programs.
Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research offer valuable insights into how the findings can be applied to improve practices in the field of education within refugee settings. The study impacts several key areas, beginning with policy guidance. Policymakers can use the insights to adopt best practices that enhance program success, emphasizing the need to reduce reliance on external funding for more sustainable project outcomes. For scholars and researchers, the study makes significant contributions to the discourse on project performance in protracted refugee situations. As such, the study is a comparative benchmark for similar contexts, enriching academic discussions and guiding future research. Additionally, the findings assist donors and education partners in improving resource planning and allocation. By ensuring accountability and adherence to educational standards, these stakeholders can enhance the effectiveness of their resources. The County and Sub-County Directors of Education, refugee communities, and school management teams will find the insights crucial for fostering continuous coordination. By implementing the study's recommendations, these stakeholders can achieve educational goals in emergency settings, ultimately improving the quality of refugee education.
Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by introducing an innovative approach to understanding the impact of social financing on education projects within the Dadaab refugee complex. By exploring the application of sector failure theory, the research sheds light on how tailored social financing strategies can significantly enhance the performance and sustainability of education initiatives in refugee settings. This perspective provides a practical contribution to the field by addressing the underexplored nexus between social financing and educational outcomes in emergency contexts. The relevance and value of this research are evidenced by its potential to transform educational practices and policies in protracted refugee situations. The findings offer a robust framework for policymakers, project managers, and education coordinators to implement best practices that minimize dependence on external funding and foster sustainable project outcomes. For scholars, this study enriches the discourse on education project performance in challenging environments, serving as a benchmark for future research. Additionally, it equips donors and education partners with critical insights to optimize resource allocation and ensure accountability, ultimately enhancing educational access and quality for refugee students. This research underscores the essential role of integrating social financing into educational programming, paving the way for more sustainable development in emergency settings
DUE PROCESS IN SPORTS ARBITRATION: THE APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE 6 ECHR TO CAS PROCEEDINGS
Full text linkObjective: The objective of this study is to investigate the applicability and enforceability of Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) in the context of arbitration before the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS), with the aim of assessing whether CAS proceedings comply with the procedural guarantees of a fair trial, particularly in light of their quasi-mandatory nature for professional athletes.
Theoretical Framework: This research is grounded in the legal theory of human rights enforcement, international arbitration law, and the principle of procedural fairness. The work draws upon jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, Swiss arbitration doctrine, and scholarly contributions regarding binding arbitration and access to justice. Jan Paulsson’s theory on the state’s role in legitimizing arbitral authority, as well as the European Court’s evolving interpretation of Article 6, provides a foundation for analyzing the legal status of CAS.
Method: The methodology adopted for this research comprises a qualitative, doctrinal legal analysis of primary legal sources (e.g., ECHR, CAS Code, Swiss arbitration laws) and case law (ECtHR and Swiss Federal Tribunal rulings). Data collection was conducted through legal document review, including academic commentary, international arbitration jurisprudence, and comparative legal frameworks. The approach is analytical and interpretive, aiming to identify how procedural rights are conceptualized and applied within CAS proceedings.
Results and Discussion: The results revealed that CAS, although structured as a private arbitral body, performs a quasi-judicial function and is bound to uphold the guarantees of Article 6 of the ECHR. The discussion contextualizes this finding by comparing sports arbitration with traditional voluntary arbitration, highlighting the structural imbalance between athletes and sports federations. The Mutu and Pechstein judgment is examined as a turning point in recognizing CAS’s obligations under human rights law. The study also acknowledges limitations related to the limited scope of judicial review available under Swiss law.
Research Implication: The practical and theoretical implications of this research suggest that procedural safeguards in sports arbitration must be reinforced through further reforms of CAS rules and closer judicial scrutiny by the Swiss Federal Tribunal. These insights are relevant for international sports law, human rights compliance in private legal orders, and institutional governance of dispute resolution in global athletics.
Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by offering a focused legal analysis of CAS’s compatibility with Article 6 ECHR, emphasizing its unique status as a de facto mandatory arbitral body. The originality lies in synthesizing ECtHR and Swiss jurisprudence to assess how fundamental rights operate within a specialized, non-state adjudicative mechanism. The relevance of this research is demonstrated by its implications for athlete protections and the legitimacy of international sports governance
INTELIGENCIA ARTIFICIAL PARA EL DESARROLLO DE COMPETENCIAS DEL APRENDIZAJE BASADO EN PRODUCTOS EN ESTUDIANTES DE EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR
Full text linkObjetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la influencia de la inteligencia artificial en el desarrollo de competencias asociadas al aprendizaje basado en productos en estudiantes de educación superior.
Marco teórico: Se emplean herramientas de inteligencia artificial, como estrategia didáctica que potencia el aprendizaje basado en producto, destacando su contribución al desarrollo de competencias especificas.
Método: La metodología adoptada fue de tipo aplicada, con un diseño preexperimental de un solo grupo (O₁ X O₂) y una muestra de 40 estudiantes. Se aplicó una prueba de selección múltiple antes y después de la intervención. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial
Resultados y discusión: Los resultados obtenidos revelaron que la diferencia de medias entre las mediciones pre y post (t = 22,79; gl = 30; p < 0,001) fue estadísticamente significativa. Estos hallazgos respaldan el enfoque constructivista al evidenciar que la integración pedagógica de herramientas de IA potencia competencias específicas en el aprendizaje basado en producto. No obstante, el tamaño muestral limitado sugiere cautela al generalizar los resultados.
Implicaciones de la investigación: En términos teóricos, aportan evidencia empírica sobre la efectividad de integrar herramientas de inteligencia artificial en modelos pedagógicos activos como el aprendizaje basado en productos. En el plano práctico, sugieren que la IA puede ser incorporada como recurso estratégico para fortalecer competencias claves.
Originalidad/Valor: Este estudio contribuye a la literatura al explorar el uso de la inteligencia artificial como estrategia didáctica, un enfoque poco abordado desde la perspectiva empírica. Su relevancia radica en mostrar cómo la IA puede fortalecer las competencias de los estudiantes