International Journal of Professional Business Review
Not a member yet
1862 research outputs found
Sort by
FROM GOVERNMENT OUTLAYS TO FARM GATE: REVISITING THE IMPACT OF U.S. FARM PROGRAMS ON WHEAT SPOT PRICE VOLATILITY
Get PDFObjective: This paper proposes and empirically tests a novel hypothesis: that the U.S. government responds to volatility in wheat prices.
Theoretical Framework: The hypothesis that the government controls price volatility, as presented in Crain and Lee (1996) and Yang, Haigh, and Leatham (2001), holds only for countries with closed economies or significant market power. In this paper, we propose a new hypothesis: that the government reacts to price volatility. We examine how government farm programs respond to price fluctuations in the wheat market.
Method: Our dataset includes U.S. wheat spot prices from the United States Department of Agriculture and information on fourteen farm programs spanning the period from 1961 to 2014. We provide a detailed description of each program’s role and assess its respective volatility. To test the hypothesis that farm programs respond to price volatility, we employ Granger causality analysis. Additionally, we construct a reaction dummy variable to empirically evaluate the responsiveness of each individual program
Results and Discussion: Our empirical findings suggest that the government does, in fact, respond to volatility in wheat prices. When wheat prices are relatively low, government outlays increase in response to price volatility, indicating more active intervention. Conversely, when wheat prices are high, government outlays remain largely unaffected, suggesting a more market-oriented approach with limited government involvement.
Research Implications: Policymakers can leverage these findings to refine the timing and structure of future interventions, enhancing both their efficiency and responsiveness. Budget authorities can better anticipate and manage fluctuations in agricultural spending across different market scenarios. Furthermore, farmers and market participants may adjust their expectations and production strategies based on the perceived pattern of government intervention. The observed lack of response during high-price periods reinforces market discipline, encouraging producers to operate more efficiently and with reduced reliance on government support. Finally, the dual-response pattern identified in this study supports the development of countercyclical policy tools that activate automatically under adverse conditions.
Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by proposing and empirically testing a novel hypothesis that U.S. agricultural programs respond not only to wheat price levels but specifically to price volatility. Unlike most existing studies that focus on government reactions to price trends, this work also highlights an asymmetric behavior in which the government intervenes primarily when prices are low and volatile, while allowing the market to operate freely during high-price periods. The relevance and value of this research are evidenced by its potential to improve the understanding of government intervention mechanisms in agricultural markets, particularly how policy responses are triggered by price volatility rather than just price levels. Additionally, the findings offer producers and market participants clearer expectations about government behavior, which can influence production decisions and risk management strategies
ANÁLISE ERGONÔMICA DO AMBIENTE CONTÁBIL: APLICAÇÃO DA CONSTELAÇÃO DE ATRIBUTOS NA AVALIAÇÃO DO DESEMPENHO OPERACIONAL EM SUPERMERCADOS
Get PDFObjetivo: Analisar como o ambiente físico de trabalho impacta o desempenho dos colaboradores do setor contábil de um supermercado, utilizando a Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho (AET) e a Constelação de Atributos (CA).
Referencial Teórico: Fundamenta-se na ergonomia física, cognitiva e organizacional, destacando a interação entre usuários e espaço construído. Apoia-se em autores como Guerin et al. (2001), Moles (1968), Villarouco e Andretto (2008) e Dul e Weerdmeester (2019), que discutem os efeitos do ambiente sobre produtividade e bem-estar.
Método: Pesquisa aplicada, qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória, conduzida por estudo de caso. A coleta envolveu observação direta, entrevistas semiestruturadas e aplicação da CA com sete colaboradores, analisando percepções espontâneas e induzidas.
Resultados e Discussão: Foram identificados como principais fatores de desconforto: mobiliário inadequado, climatização deficiente, ausência de ventilação natural, iluminação artificial e degraus fora dos padrões. Tais condições afetam diretamente o desempenho e a motivação dos colaboradores. Pequenas intervenções seriam insuficientes, sendo necessária a reconfiguração completa do espaço.
Implicações da Pesquisa: Oferece subsídios para a gestão de ambientes de trabalho, evidenciando a ergonomia como ferramenta estratégica para melhorar produtividade e qualidade de vida, especialmente em ambientes administrativos do varejo.
Originalidade/Valor: Destaca a integração da AET com a Constelação de Atributos como método eficaz para diagnóstico ergonômico em ambientes administrativos, ainda pouco explorados na literatura
THE IMPACT OF OFFICIAL EXTERNAL FINANCING ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES: A CASE STUDY OF A SAMPLE OF INDUSTRIAL COUNTRIES FOR THE PERIOD 2007-2022
Get PDFObjective This study aims to examine the impact of official external financing on the performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in industrial countries over the period 2007-2022. SME performance is measured using turnover and added value, while official external financing is represented by outstanding business loans, government loan guarantees, and venture capital.
Theoretical Framework: The study highlights the significant role of SMEs in economic support and emphasizes financing as a key factor affecting their performance amidst challenges.
Method: A descriptive-analytical approach is adopted, collecting data on financing mechanisms and SME performance. A case study methodology is used for practical insights, and quantitative methods analyze the relationship between financing and SME performance.
Results and Discussion: The results show a significant positive impact of outstanding business loans on both turnover and added value of SMEs. Specifically, an increase of one million USD in business loans leads to increases of 0.22347 million USD in turnover and 0.272525 million USD in added value. Government loan guarantees and venture capital had no statistically significant effect.
Research Implications: The study emphasizes the importance of outstanding business loans as a financing mechanism and advocates for policy development to enhance access to financing, as well as improving government loan guarantees and venture capital.
Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence on the impact of financing mechanisms on SME performance in industrial countries. It offers insights for policymakers to drive economic performance and enhance SME competitiveness
ESTIMATIVA DE EMISSÕES DE CO2 NA MOBILIDADE DO CORPO DISCENTE DA GRADUAÇÃO DO CEFET/RJ – MARACANÃ
Get PDFObjetivo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo quantificar as emissões de CO2 oriundas da locomoção dos estudantes do Cefet/RJ (Campus Maracanã) de seus domicílios ou locais de trabalho até a instituição, através de um questionário online.
Referencial Teórico: O referencial teórico aborda o crescimento urbano e seus impactos ambientais, destacando a importância de políticas eficazes para reduzir as emissões de CO2.
Método: Foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória quantitativa utilizando um questionário online com oito questões fechadas e duas abertas. A análise revelou que aproximadamente dois quintos dos estudantes utilizam de dois a três modais de transporte para se locomover até a instituição, com o transporte rodoviário sendo o mais utilizado. As emissões totais semestrais de CO2 foram estimadas entre 172.884,5 kg e 199.760,1 kg.
Resultados e Discussão: A comparação entre os modais mostrou que o uso de transporte público resultaria em emissões significativamente menores em comparação ao uso de carros. Os resultados indicam a necessidade de políticas urbanas que incentivem o uso do transporte público coletivo e a educação ecológica dos estudantes. Este estudo é original ao quantificar as emissões de CO2 na mobilidade urbana dos estudantes de uma instituição de ensino público superior no Brasil.
Implicações da Pesquisa: Este estudo é original ao quantificar as emissões de CO2 na mobilidade urbana dos estudantes de uma instituição de ensino público superior no Brasil.
Originalidade/Valor: Ele oferece valor ao fornecer dados concretos que podem embasar políticas públicas e ações institucionais voltadas para a sustentabilidade e a redução de impactos ambientais
ANÁLISE DO PROCESSO DE IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DO SNC-AP – O CASO DE ALGUNS MUNICÍPIOS PORTUGUESES DURANTE O PERÍODO 2016-2018
Get PDFObjetivo: Partindo dos fatores que contribuem para o processo de implementação do SNC-AP, este trabalho pretende analisar se quatro municípios portugueses da região de Leiria estavam preparados para implementar o SNC-AP, à data de 01/01/2019, ou seja, após três anos de ter sido aprovado o novo normativo contabilístico para as administrações públicas.
Referencial Teórico: Partindo da análise do Decreto-Lei n.º 192/2015, de 11 de setembro, Decreto-Lei que aprovou o SNC-AP e dos vários Relatórios de Auditoria do Tribunal de Contas sobre a implementação do SNC-AP (Tribunal de Contas, 2016, 2017a, 2017b, 2018) apresentámos os elementos que, em nosso entender, influenciam o processo de transição do POCAL para o SNC-AP e formulámos as questões de investigação.
Método: Foi seguida uma metodologia de investigação qualitativa, de natureza interpretativa e usado como método de estudo, o estudo de caso explanatório. Foi elaborado um conjunto de questões que constituíram a base da entrevista, que foi a fonte de evidência deste trabalho.
Resultados e Discussão: Não obstante algumas dificuldades apontadas, os municípios do nosso estudo reúnem condições para implementar o SNC-AP em 2019.
Implicações da Pesquisa: Os resultados deste trabalho são úteis porque mostram que os municípios estão preparados para implementar o novo normativo, não havendo necessidade de prorrogação do prazo.
Originalidade/Valor: Este trabalho analisou as principais dificuldades sentidas por um conjunto de municípios na implementação do novo normativo e aferiu sobre o seu grau de preparação para a implementação do SNC-AP
DESIGUALDAD SOCIAL Y SUBEMPLEO: INCIDENCIA EN LA ESTRUCTURA FAMILIAR
Get PDFObjetivo: Consistió en analizar la desigualdad social y subempleo en el Ecuador y como esto afecta a la estructura familiar tradicional, con base en datos estadísticos del 2019 y 2020.
Marco Teórico: A principio del siglo en América Latina, se ha gestado un período de transformaciones profundas. Los índices de pobreza se han reducido, se traduce como un avance democrático que otorga legitimidad a los gobiernos, sin embargo, se muestran grandes desigualdades sociales bajo un contexto de pandemia a que aceleró la caída en los índices económicos de los países.
Método: La metodología utilizada es descriptiva, con un diseño documental.
Resultados y Discusión: Los hallazgos revelan: a) la desigualdad social refiere a elementos demográficos, poblacionales y de territorios; b) la desigualdad social se ve incidida por las políticas públicas generales que el Estado defina para los trabajadores; c) el subempleo, se vincula a elementos motivacionales y capacidades de los trabajadores de acuerdo al mercado laboral donde se desenvuelvan; d) Las familias: su estructura, su bienestar y su dinámica se ve incidida por una pandemia que acentúa las desigualdades sociales.
Implicaciones de la Investigación: La desigualdad social y el subempleo son elementos que los gobiernos deben avanzar en políticas sociales para proteger a los trabajadores, de tal manera, de ir construyendo políticas públicas estructurales que promuevan el desarrollo social de las familias en Ecuador.
Originalidad / Valor: En el presente artículo se exponen indicadores socioeconómicos vinculados a la población económicamente activa en el Ecuador, mediante el análisis de datos gubernamentales del año 2019 y 2020
THE IMPACT OF CAPITAL ADEQUACY AND LIQUIDITY RATIOS ON THE EARNINGS QUALITY IN JORDANIAN COMMERCIAL BANKS: THE MODIFIED ROLE OF DIRECTORS BOARD CHARACTERISTICS
Get PDFObjective: This study aimed to demonstrate the impact of capital adequacy (CA) and liquidity ratios (LRs) on Earnings quality (EQ) in Jordanian commercial banks (JCB), considering the moderating role of Board of Directors Characteristics (BODC).
Theoretical Framework: CA reflects bank’s ability to absorb risks, safeguard deposits, LRs key measures of financial health, assess bank's ability to meet short-term obligations and maintain financial flows. While EQ indicate stability and predictive accuracy of future earnings, aiding investment decisions and enhancing financial transparency. And BODC plays a critical governance role, ensuring strategic oversight, institutional performance, and shareholder value enhancement, Characteristics like board size, gender and nationality diversity, and members' experience significantly impact decision-making and financial performance.
Method: The study population included all commercial banks listed on the Amman Stock Exchange, which numbered (12) banks, where secondary data for the period (2018-2023) was relied upon in the financial reports of these banks. To analyze the data, the statistical analysis program (SPSS) was used, and the study relied on the use of descriptive inferential statistics methods.
Results and Discussion: The study concluded that there is a moderating role for BODC on the impact of CA and LRs represented by (the ratio of shareholders' equity to net facilities, the ratio of net facilities to total assets, and the ratio of short-term investments to total deposits) on EQ in JCB, and the presence of a moderating role of BODC on the relationship between CA and LRs represented by (the ratio of shareholders' equity to net facilities, the ratio of net facilities to total assets, and the ratio of short-term investments to total deposits) and EQ in JCB.
Research Implications: Based on these results, the study recommended the need to conduct future studies that explore the impact of other factors, other than BODC, on the impact of CA and LRs on EQ. It also recommended the need to increase supervision by the Central Bank of Jordan on CA ratios, and to urge JCB to improve LRs to enhance EQ.
Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by identifing a positive relationship between CA and profitability. And board characteristics, particularly members’ expertise and nationality diversity, were shown to have a moderating role in the effect of CA on EQ
TIME SERIES BASED FINANCIAL FORECASTING MODELS
Get PDFObjective: The purpose of this study is to develop financial component forecasting models that enable more accurate financial planning, allowing businesses to gain a competitive advantage.
Theoretical Framework: Time series-based Convolutional Neural Network-Long Short-Term Memory (CNN-LSTM), Multi-Quantile Recurrent Neural Network (MQRNN), and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models have been developed for forecasting financial components.
Method: Forecasting models have been developed for two different months (June and July) using a dataset containing 291 rows of weekly data from 01.01.2017 to 31.07.2022. The dataset includes data for five different finanacial components including sales, purchase, cash payment, cash collection, and card collection. The performance of the models has been evaluated using Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE).
Results and Discussion: The MAPE values obtained with the developed forecasting models range from 2.44% to 26.57%. The CNN-LSTM model exhibits the highest predictive performance among the evaluated models.
Research Implications: This research makes significant contributions to financial forecasting and planning by highlighting effectiveness of time series methods. It demonstrates that models developed using CNN-LSTM, MQRNN, and ARIMA perform differently for various financial components, with each model excelling under specific conditions. Practically, these models help businesses improve financial planning, optimize costs, and enhance profit margins.
Originality/Value: This study contributes to literature by evaluating the effectiveness of time series methods in financial forecasting models. The findings are applicable in areas such as financial services, retail, and business strategy, offering value for financial risk management, sales forecasting, and long-term decision-making
KNOWLEDGE-SHARING PRACTICES IN MONITORING AND EVALUATION: THE INFLUENCE ON THE PROGRAMME PERFORMANCE
Get PDFObjective: The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of knowledge-sharing practices in monitoring and evaluation on programme performance, to establish the correlation between knowledge–sharing practices in monitoring and evaluation and programme performance
Theoretical Framework: This study's theoretical framework is based on knowledge management theory, which guides the effective management of knowledge throughout the project lifecycle. Likewise, the SECI model contributes to the theoretical framework, which suggests that knowledge is created and transformed through socialization, externalization, combination, and internalization.
Method: The mixed-methods approach research design combined qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. The research population was 465, with a sample size of 215. Surveys, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions were used for data collection. Frequencies, percentages, standard deviations, and correlation coefficient statistics were used for analysis.
Results and Discussion: The study found that M&E knowledge-sharing practices and livelihood programme performance had a composite means of 3.935 and 3.88 respectively, implying the presence of knowledge–sharing practices and agreement that the programme performed. The study established that there existed a statistically significant correlation (r = 0.472, p < 0.001) between M&E knowledge-sharing practices and livelihood programme performance implemented by Caritas Meru, Kenya. The knowledge-sharing practices found to be statistically significant were knowledge documenting (r = 0.463, p < 0.001) and knowledge dissemination through group meetings (r = 0.584, p < 0.001).
Research Implications: The study recommends the establishment of frameworks within development programmes by county and national governments, NGOs and other project organizations to ensure knowledge documenting and dissemination for programme/project performance.
Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by establishing a positive correlation between knowledge-sharing practices and performance in livelihood programmes. A well-structured knowledge management framework in M&E for effective programme performance is advocated for by this research
THE ROLE OF DIGITAL MARKETING IN SHAPING CONSUMER BEHAVIOR IN E-COMMERCE PLATFORMS
Get PDFObjectives: The objective of this research is to explore how digital marketing influences and communicates with consumers which shapes consumer behavior in E-commerce platforms.
Theoretical Framework: As a result of the significant changes that global commerce has witnessed in recent years, most notably the e-commerce industry has experienced rapid growth and transformation, largely driven by advancements in digital marketing. Digital marketing has become a cornerstone of success in the e-commerce industry, these changes have significantly impacted consumer behavior and purchasing intentions.
Method: This study consists of a quantitative approach; thus, we have utilized the survey, which helped us clarify the critical role of digital marketing in shaping consumer behavior in e-commerce. The significant factors include compatibility, trust, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness impact on shaping consumer behavior and purchase intention.
Results and Discussion: The results of 285 participants indicate that the regression analysis revealed that trust, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and digital marketing computability are influential factors in shaping consumer behavior.
Research Implications: From a managerial application perspective, an understanding of shaping consumers' behavior and purchase intention. It would assist marketers in establishing, enhancing, and maintaining these strategies in digital marketing. Marketers need to identify those factors to emphasize the impact of digital marketing tools such as social media, search engines, and email which have enhanced businesses' ability to personalize marketing messages, thereby improving consumer engagement and influencing purchasing decisions.
Originality/Value: The research findings provide insight into shaping consumer behavior with regard to the compatibility of digital marketing strategies and suggest a way forward for further research. In particular, future research should explore these dynamics in diverse markets and investigate the role of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence