Revues Scientifiques Marocaines
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3. EFFICIENCY MEASURE OF MOROCCAN SUPPLIERS ACCORDING TO THE DEA MODEL
No full textThis paper explores to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the efficiency of Moroccan suppliers using the DEA model (Data Envelopment Analysis), implemented through the R software. In an increasingly competitive and digitalized economic environment, supplier performance is a key success factor for Moroccan companies, as it directly affects the quality of delivered products or services, cost control, delivery punctuality, and innovation capacity. The evaluation of efficiency is based on a rigorous quantitative approach, comparing the resources utilized (inputs) with the results achieved (outputs), without assuming any predefined production function. The study sample consists of 19 Moroccan suppliers, selected for their representativeness and the availability of relevant data. The considered inputs include invested capital, number of employees, and years of experience, while the outputs measure turnover, number of clients, digitalization rate, delivery reliability, level of innovation, and product or service quality. The analysis showed that 11 suppliers achieved an efficiency score of 1, indicating that they use their resources optimally to produce satisfactory outcomes. The remaining 8 suppliers, with scores below 1, show room for improvement. The model precisely identifies these areas by suggesting efficient reference targets and potential adjustments to enhance performance. This approach not only ranks suppliers according to their efficiency but also provides a strategic benchmarking tool to support companies in selecting, evaluating, and developing their supplier partnerships. The practical implications are numerous: improving the supplier selection process, offering targeted support to underperforming suppliers, strengthening relationships with efficient ones, and building a more resilient and agile supply chain. In conclusion, applying the DEA model to real-world data enables an objective, transparent, and comparative evaluation of Moroccan supplier performance, thus serving as a strategic lever for companies aiming to optimize their procurement management and overall competitiveness.This paper explores to conduct of a comprehensive analysis of the efficiency of Moroccan suppliers using the DEA model (Data Envelopment Analysis), implemented through the R software. In an increasingly competitive and digitalized economic environment, supplier performance is a key success factor for Moroccan companies, as it directly affects the quality of delivered products or services, cost control, delivery punctuality, and innovation capacity. The evaluation of efficiency is based on a rigorous quantitative approach, comparing the resources utilized (inputs) with the results achieved (outputs), without assuming any predefined production function. The study sample consists of 19 Moroccan suppliers, selected for their representativeness and the availability of relevant data. The considered inputs include invested capital, number of employees, and years of experience, while the outputs measure turnover, number of clients, digitalization rate, delivery reliability, level of innovation, and product or service quality. The analysis showed that 11 suppliers achieved an efficiency score of 1, indicating that they use their resources optimally to produce satisfactory outcomes. The remaining 8 suppliers, with scores below 1, show room for improvement. The model precisely identifies these areas by suggesting efficient reference targets and potential adjustments to enhance performance. This approach not only ranks suppliers according to their efficiency but also provides a strategic benchmarking tool to support companies in selecting, evaluating, and developing their supplier partnerships. The practical implications are numerous: improving the supplier selection process, offering targeted support to underperforming suppliers, strengthening relationships with efficient ones, and building a more resilient and agile supply chain. In conclusion, applying the DEA model to real-world data enables an objective, transparent, and comparative evaluation of Moroccan supplier performance, thus serving as a strategic lever for companies aiming to optimize their procurement management and overall competitiveness
5. THE IMPACT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES ON POLITICAL MARKETING: ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL STRATEGIES AND ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN A CONNECTED WORLD
No full textThis comprehensive study explores the impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) on Political Marketing, focusing on how technological advancements are reshaping conventional practices and the ensuing ethical considerations. It particularly seeks to address the following question: In a political landscape increasingly influenced by technological progress, how do digital communication instruments revise established norms of political marketing, and what are the ethical implications? The study delves deeply into the use of digital media in political campaigns, voter perceptions of online political marketing, political polarization exacerbated by digital media, and attitudes toward regulating political communication practices on the Internet. It aims to provide a thorough understanding of these complex interactions, employing a rigorous and scientific methodology.
Keywords: Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), Political Marketing, Technological Progress, Digital Communication, Ethical Implications, Digital Media, Voter Perception, Political Polarization, Regulation, Transparency, Data Protection, Disinformation.
In an era marked by rapid digital transformation, Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are profoundly reshaping the landscape of political marketing, challenging traditional communication models and raising pressing ethical concerns. This study examines how digital tools are redefining political engagement in Morocco, with a focus on their effectiveness, impact on public opinion, and the growing tensions around privacy, disinformation, and democratic integrity. Drawing on a quantitative research design, data were collected through a structured online questionnaire administered to 62 participants, including voters and politically engaged individuals, between March and May 2024. Responses were analyzed using SPSS through descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, Pearson correlation, effect size measures (Cohen’s d), and ANOVA to test four key hypotheses. Findings reveal that while ICT-based campaigns are perceived as effective in disseminating information and mobilizing moderate social media users, their impact diminishes among heavy users, suggesting an engagement threshold. Moreover, a paradoxical "critical distancing" emerges: individuals who recognize the political influence of social networks are less likely to believe these platforms affect their own opinions, highlighting a disconnect that may fuel polarization. High levels of concern about data misuse and disinformation are observed, particularly among active digital participants, and there is strong public support for stricter regulation, especially regarding transparency in campaign financing. These results underscore the dual nature of digital political marketing—empowering yet ethically fraught—and call for greater institutional oversight. The study contributes theoretically to the literature on digital political communication and practically to ongoing debates on digital governance in emerging democracies. Future research should explore longitudinal and cross-national dynamics to better understand the evolving relationship between technology, trust, and democratic participation
Improving Growth and Yield of Gladiolus through Foliar Application of GA3 and IBA: Improving Growth of Gladiolus through Foliar Application of GA3 and IBA
No full textThe study was conducted at the Landscape Section, Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, from November 2022 to April 2023 to evaluate the effects of foliar application of gibberellic acid (GA₃) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) on the growth and yield of gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflora L.). A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was used, consisting of two factors: GA₃ at 0, 100, 200, and 300 ppm and IBA at 0, 100, 200, and 300 ppm. The results showed that GA₃ significantly enhanced vegetative growth, flowering, and corm production, with the highest plant height (64.66 cm), spike length (64.85 cm), and corm yield (92.04 t/ha) recorded at 200 ppm GA₃. Similarly, IBA application improved rooting, growth, and yield, with 200 ppm IBA resulting in the tallest plants (83.48 cm), highest spike yield (170.65 thousand/ha), and maximum corm yield (91.48 t/ha). The combined application of 200 ppm GA₃ and 200 ppm IBA produced the best results across most parameters, including the highest yield of corms (123.84 t/ha) and cormels (13.31 t/ha). This combination also improved flowering time, spike length, and flower diameter, demonstrating a synergistic effect on gladiolus growth and productivity. The findings suggest that 200 ppm GA₃ and 200 ppm IBA are the optimal concentrations for enhancing gladiolus yield, making this approach valuable for commercial floriculture. Further research can explore its economic viability and long-term impact on flower quality and market potential. The knowledge of the hormonal value of each part of the flower was necessary for better valorization and maximizing the morphological traits
Biosynthesis Of Photocatalyst Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Using Golden Berry (Physalis angulata) for Methylene Blue Degradation
No full textThe biosynthesis of nanoparticles using natural compounds has a high potential for improving wastewater photocatalytic performance. This research aims to synthesize Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) in nano-size utilizing extracts from the golden berry (Physalis angulata) plant's stem, fruit, and leaves as a natural stabilizing agent. The biosynthesis method was selected because it is environmentally friendly and uses natural materials with minimal toxicity compared to conventional methods. Golden berry (GB) extract is rich in phytochemical compounds which used to form TiO2 nanoparticles. Material characterization was carried out using several techniques such as UV-Vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to identify band gap, binding of compound, size, crystal structure, surface morphology, and particle distribution. XRD measurements showed that the TiO2 phase from GB extracts (stems, fruits, and leaves) was pure anatase, while the TiO2-control was brookite-anatase with crystal size < 10 nm. The produced TiO2 was nano-sized (±10 nm) and bandgap values were 3.0 - 3.4 eV. The Ti-O-Ti and O-H groups detected in FTIR spectrum confirmed TiO2 formation and GB extract played a significant role in the synthesis process. The activity of the synthesized materials was applied in the photocatalysis of methylene blue (MB). TiO2 derived from GB fruit extract had the maximum photocatalytic activity, with a degradation percentage of 99.57% at pH 9 and an initial MB concentration of 10 ppm.
Résilience organisationnelle des PME en contexte de crise : rôle des caractéristiques managériales et des dispositifs de gouvernance
No full textCette étude examine les déterminants de la résilience des PME marocaines face à la crise de la COVID-19. Elle analyse l’impact des facteurs internes et externes, notamment les caractéristiques du dirigeant, la présence d’un comité de risque, le fonctionnement du conseil d’administration, ainsi que les stratégies étatiques en matière de gestion de crise. L’objectif est de mettre en évidence les manifestations d’agilité managériale susceptibles de renforcer la capacité d’adaptation des entreprises en contexte incertain. Une enquête quantitative menée auprès de 160 PME a été traitée à l’aide de la méthode PLS via le logiciel Smart PLS 4. Les résultats révèlent des relations positives et significatives entre, d’une part, les caractéristiques du dirigeant, les dispositifs de gouvernance interne, et la gestion de crise, et d’autre part, entre la gestion de crise et la résilience organisationnelle. À l’inverse, les stratégies gouvernementales apparaissent corrélées négativement à la capacité des PME à gérer la crise. Ces conclusions soulignent l’importance de l’agilité interne comme levier central de la résilience en période de turbulence.
Mots clés : Résilience organisationnelle, PME, Gestion de Crise, Modélisation PL
CONTROLE A DISTANCE EN TELETRAVAIL DANS LES ORGANISATIONS PUBLIQUES : CAS DE L’AGENCE DES SYSTEMES D’INFORMATION ET DU NUMERIQUE AU BENIN
No full textIn December 2019, a Sars Cov 2 virus took flight in Wuhan (China) to become a pandemic that is plunging the world into socio-economic, organizational and health crisis. Therefore, all public and private organizations have been impacted by the repercussions that followed. The control considered as one of the primary functions of management is also impacted by organizational changes. Among the solutions, teleworking is a trend observed in several places around the world, especially in public and private organizations. This article presents the experience of managers and employees who practice teleworking at the Information Systems and Digital Agency in Benin. It is based on an exploratory qualitative methodological approach with an interpretativist positioning and an inductive reasoning mode.This approach is based on a unique case study approach of Yin, (2009) and will consist of conducting semi-structured interviews, direct observation, documentary analysis, and archival document review with managers and employees who practice telework. The interviews were conducted with 10 managers and 05 employees of this agency.In this article, the method chosen for data analysis is that of the thematic or contextual grid analysis framework (Pettigrew, 2012). Reynaud’s theory of social and organizational regulation, (1988), was mobilized as part of this work. The results of this study reveal that the control at the agency concerns different elements of professional activity in telework. Sometimes it is about the objective nature (such as results and work), sometimes about the subjective nature (such as how to achieve results, how to work).Moreover, these results have shown that the traditional exercise of control within the agency no longer seems appropriate because the two pillars, namely presence and visibility, are questioned in the context of teleworking. The managers of the information systems and digital agency, as part of this work, were able to demonstrate remote control practices, because the results also helped to highlight, that these managers use three modes to remotely control employees, namely managerial, social and self-control.Similarly, the results showed that these managers must ensure not only the good faith and trust of employees working remotely, but also take seriously the challenge related to the instability of the internet connection.
En décembre 2019, un virus Sars Cov 2 a pris son envol à Wuhan (Chine) pour devenir une pandémie qui plonge le monde dans une crise socio- économique organisationnelle et sanitaire. Dès lors, toutes les organisations publiques et privées ont été impactées par les répercussions qui s’en ont suivi. Le contrôle considéré comme une des fonctions premières du management est aussi impacté par les mutations organisationnelles. Parmi les solutions, le télétravail est, surtout dans ces organisations, une tendance observée dans plusieurs endroits au monde. Cet article présente l’expérience des managers et des salariés qui pratiquent le télétravail à l’Agence des systèmes d’information et du numérique au Bénin. Il repose sur une démarche méthodologique qualitative exploratoire avec un positionnement interprétativiste et un mode de raisonnement inductif. Cette démarche est basée sur une approche d’étude de cas unique de Yin, (2009) et va consister à mener des entretiens semi-directifs, de l’observation directe, de l’analyse documentaire et de l’examen de documents d’archives avec les managers et salariés qui pratiquent du télétravail. Les entretiens ont été menés avec 10 managers et 05 salariés de cette agence. Dans le présent article, la méthode choisie pour l’analyse des données, est celle du cadre d’analyse de la grille thématique ou contextuelle de (Pettigrew, 2012). La théorie de régulation sociale et organisationnelle de Reynaud, (1988), a été mobilisée dans le cadre de ce travail. Les résultats issus de cette étude révèlent que le contrôle à l’agence porte sur différents éléments de l’activité professionnelle en télétravail. Tantôt, il porte sur la nature objective (telle que les résultats et le travail), tantôt sur la nature subjective (telle que la manière d’atteindre les résultats, la façon de travailler). De plus, ces résultats ont montré que l’exercice traditionnel de contrôle au sein de l’agence ne semble plus adapté car les deux piliers à savoir la présence et la visibilité sont remises en question en contexte du télétravail. Les managers de l’agence des systèmes d’information et du numérique, dans le cadre de ce travail, ont pu faire preuve en ce qui concerne les pratiques de contrôle à distance, car les résultats ont également permis de mettre en lumière, que ces managers utilisent trois modes pour contrôler à distance les salariés, à savoir le contrôle managérial, social et l’autocontrôle. De même, les résultats ont montré que ces managers doivent s’assurer non seulement de la bonne foi et de la confiance des salariés travaillant à distance, mais aussi prendre au sérieux le défi lié à l’instabilité de la connexion internet.
 
Diversité et distribution spatiale de l’avifaune des formations saxicoles dans le département des Collines au Bénin, Afrique de l’Ouest
No full textRENFORCER LA RESILIENCE DES ORGANISATIONS PAR DES PRATIQUES DURABLES : UNE REVUE SYSTEMATIQUE
No full textIn the current global context, marked by increasing challenges such as economic recessions, natural disasters and pandemics, organisational resilience and sustainable development have become major concerns. This article explores the intersection of these two concepts, highlighting how organisations' ability to anticipate, prepare for, respond to and adapt to disruptions can foster long-term sustainability. Through a systematic review of the literature, we analyse existing theories and practices, identify gaps and propose avenues for future research. By building resilience, organisations can not only survive crises, but also promote environmental and social well-being while creating value for their stakeholders.Dans le contexte mondial actuel, marqué par des défis croissants tels que les récessions économiques, les catastrophes naturelles et les pandémies, la résilience organisationnelle et le développement durable sont devenus des préoccupations majeures. Cet article explore l'intersection de ces deux concepts, soulignant comment la capacité des organisations à anticiper, préparer, répondre et s'adapter aux perturbations peut favoriser une durabilité à long terme. À travers une revue systématique de la littérature, nous analysons les théories et pratiques existantes, identifions les lacunes et proposons des pistes de recherche futures. En renforçant leur résilience, les organisations peuvent non seulement survivre aux crises, mais aussi promouvoir le bien-être environnemental et social tout en créant de la valeur pour leurs parties prenantes
The effectiveness of fiscal policy in an estimated SVAR model of Morocco
No full textThis paper aims to assess, using the Blanchard and Perotti model, the effectiveness of fiscal policy in Morocco. The estimation of the multipliers for public spending and tax revenues on Moroccan quarterly data from 2004q1 to 2019q2 revealed that: 1) the implementation of an expansionary fiscal policy, through an increase in the level of public spending, produces Keynesian effects; 2) Bank Al-Maghreb adopts a prudent and effective monetary policy, through interest rate movements, to offset the impact of any expansionary fiscal policy; 3) the increase in tax revenues generates non-Keynesian effects due to the voracity effect; 4) with a multiplier of 1.68, public spending proves to be more effective than tax revenues; 5) Compared to other studies that have adopted an econometric approach, fiscal policy in Morocco is more effective compared to other countries