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Enhancements In Sorting Algorithms: A Review
Get PDFOne of the important issues in designing algorithms is to arrange a list of items in particular order. Aalthough there is a large number of sorting algorithms, sorting problem has concerned a great compact of research, because efficient sorting is important to optimize the use of other algorithms. In many applications, sorting plays an important role as to easily handling of the data by arranging it in ascending or descending order.[2] In this paper, we are presenting enhancements in various sorting algorithms such as bubble sort, insertion sort, selection sort, and merge sort. Aa sorting algorithm consists of comparison, swap, and the use of assignment operations. Bubble sort, selection sort and insertion sort are algorithms, which are easy to understand but have the worst time complexity of O (n2). The new algorithms are discussed, analyzed, tested, and executed for reference. Eenhanced selection sort is based on sorting the items by making it slightly faster and stable sorting algorithm. Mmodified bubble sort is an modification on both bubble sort and selection sort algorithms with O (n log n) complexity instead of O (n2) for bubble sort and selection sort algorithms. [3] [1]
A Comprehensive Review of Modulation Techniques used in Long Term Evolution
Get PDF3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has come up with a technology called Long Term Evolution (LTE) to attain a new high-speed radio access in the field of mobile communications. Design of wireless communication system has been an important and challenging problem due to the nature of wireless channel. There are number of factors involved in the performance of a LTE system. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) and Single Carrier Frequency Division (SC-FDMA) are a dominant part of future mobile communication. This paper describes about LTE physical layer, OFDMA and SC-FDMA receiver and transmitter structures, draw attention on the factor that influences the performance and improvement of multiple access techniques. The substantial use of the adaptive modulation in LTE is the main highlight of the paper. The selection of modulation techniques on the basis of BER, Error probability and SNR are computed
Significance of Microclimatic Study in Urban Canyons Towards Ambient Urban Space Design
Get PDFAbout 50% of the world’s population lives in cities, and the fraction is growing. Thus the study of the urban boundary layer and urban climate is of great importance.Since urban centres of the world have immense growth of population, their quality requires a very careful screening for sustainable future, growth and development. The quality of outdoor urban spaces is more significant in tropical countries like India, since the activities are shared between indoor and outdoor. There are clear links between the climate of a settlement and its potential sustainability. Its opportunities for gathering energy, its need for energy conservation and its ability to dispose of airborne wastes are largely controlled by the climate it experiences. moreover, urban design decisions will create microclimates that either accentuate or moderate the properties of the background climate. Thus, there is a clear role for an applied urban climatology in the planning of sustainable settlements. hence there is a compulsive need for providing ambient environmental conditions outdoors, specific to the pedestrian users. The uhI (urban heat Island) phenomenon though is influenced by many factors, the role of urban design and professionals like architects, urban designers and planners cannot be ignored. Often they are neglected when urban design principles get executed onsite. Therefore there is a need for understanding the urban microclimate interaction with the urban geometry elements for deriving design solutions and guidelines for the future. Though urban microclimate is also dependent on multiple factors this paper focuses on its relation with various urban geometry elements specific to the urban streets. The unit chosen for the study is ‘urban canyon’. To understand the microclimatic variation various profiles of urban canyons were selected. The urban microclimatic discomfort is given by the term “microclimatic Stress” and the thermal index used for the measurement is PeT (Physiological equivalent temperature) and rayman Pro is used for its calculation. The study of the canyons concluded with findings that proved significant impact of street geometry elements on the microclimatic stress of urban outdoors.
 
Manpower Planning, Scheduling and Tracking of a Construction Project Using Microsoft Project Software
Get PDFMany project suffers time and cost overruns due to improper planning, scheduling and execution works that results in several issues like delay in providing facilities, development, reduction in quality of construction and making the project more expensive. A little consideration shows that the time required to complete the project is inversely proportional to the supply of manpower. As the manpower is increased, the completion time of the project is decreased and on the other hand if the manpower is decreased, the completion time of the project is increased. The present study deals with the manpower planning, scheduling and tracking of “Construction of a Residential Block at Mahadev Parisar, Bhopal”, a six storied (G+6) building project whose construction is in progress at Shivaji Nagar, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. A comparison between the baseline duration and cost to actual duration and cost of manpower of the project is also determined using the project management software tool Microsoft Project 2013.
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Effect of Aggregate Flakiness on the Compressive Strength of Concrete Cubes
Get PDFIn this paper effects of aggregate flakiness on the compressive strength of concrete cubes have been studied using experiments. Total 30 cubes have been cast using normal, 5% of 8 mm, 10 mm and 12 mm size of flaky aggregates and 10% of 12mm size of flaky aggregate. NDT of the cast cubes using rebound hammer and ultrasonic pulse velocity have been also carried out. Aall the cubes were tested for compressive strength. Based on these data, comparative studies have been carried out to quantify the effect of flakiness and salient conclusions are drawn.
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Effect of Different Curing Conditions on Geopolymer Concrete by Partially Replacing sand with Foundry sand
Get PDFIn the present paper, fly ash (no other solid material was used) with highly alkaline solutions is described. These solutions, made with NaOH, Na2Sio3.This paper, report on the study of the processing of geopolymer using fly ash and alkaline activator with geopolymerization process. The factors that influence flexural strength such as different curing condition. The fly ash, fine aggregate with replacement of foundry sand, coarse aggregats and alkaline solution were is used to make geopolymer concrete. The foundry sand is replaced by normal sand in different amount. The main purpose of replacement of foundry sand in to utilize waste by product and save environment also to see the effect on proprety of geopolymer concrete. The flexural strength is carriedout by UT machine at 7 and 28 days
Development of Paver Block by Using Foundry Sand Based Geopolymer Concrete
Get PDFFoundry sand is high quality silica sand with uniform physical characteristics. It is a byproduct of ferrous and nonferrous metal casting industries, where sand has been used for centuries as a molding material because of its thermal conductivity. Applications of foundry sand in Geopolymer Paver block, which is technically, sound, environmentally safe for sustainable development. In this study, partially replacement of fine aggregate in Geopolymer paver block by used foundry sand for determining the change in the compressive strength of paver blocks and cost of paver block. Partial replacement of fine aggregate in different percentage as like 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%,80% and 100%. The compressive strength has been determined at the end of 7, 14 and 28 days and water absorption test has been determined at 28 days
Vehicular Adhoc Network – A Review
Get PDFVehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a most important type of network, which has characteristics to provide vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle to infrastructure(V2I) communication on the road. It is an approach for intelligent transportation system. VANET Works like as mobile ad hoc network. It provides many applications like as message transmission from one vehicle to another, data transmission, map guidance, entertainment and so on. VANET helps to reduce the causes of accidents on a highway. Vehicles can convey messages related to status of the road and other informational messages to each other. Throughout this paper, we will discuss simulation tools, architecture, applications, security concern and routing approaches used for message communication among vehicles. We provide a research review on vehicular ad hoc network
Implementation of Binary to Gray Code Converters in Quantum Dot Cellular Automata
Get PDFQuantum dot cellular automaton (QCA) are dominant nanotechnology which has been used extensively in digital circuits and systems. It is a promising alternative to complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology with many enticing features such as high-speed, low power consumption and higher switching frequency than transistor based technology. The code converters are the basic unit for transformation of data to execute arithmetic processes. In this paper, QCA based 2-bit binary-to- gray; 3-bit binary-to-gray and 4-bit binary-to-gray code converter have been proposed. The proposed design reduces the number of cells, area and raises switching speed. The simulations are completed using QCADesigner and Microwindlite tool which is widely used for simulation and verification
The Changing Patterns of Rural House Form in Floating and Permanent Households in Sirajganj
Get PDFThis article investigates the changing patterns of rural housing in Sirajganj, Bangladesh. The rural housing in Bangladesh is traditionally effected by many cultural and environmental factors. These transformations are studied along with the spatial allocation of some homestead cases, identified as permanent and floating households. The changing pattern of rural homesteads found by the field survey are explained through a comparative analysis of housing transformation of permanent and floating households. There are some factors like river erosion that establishes its importance over other traditional housing factors like religious and cultural issues. In such situation the concept of privacy, gender and religious belief have been observed playing their role in influencing housing transformation through the housing features and house forms