Journal of Pharmaceutical Technology, Research and Management
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Development and Validation of UV Spectrophotometric Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Quinfamide and Mebendazole in in-house Pharmaceutical Formulation
Get PDFThe present work described the development of two simple, accurate, rapid, cost effective and reproducible UV-Spectrophotometric methods for the simultaneous estimation of Quinfamide and Mebendazole in bulk and in laboratory mixture using 0.01M methanolic HCl as a solvent. The absorption maximum for Quinfamide and Mebendazole were found to be at 260.00 nm and 232.40 nm respectively. Beer’s - lamberts was followed in concentration ranges of 1 - 6 μg/mL for Quinfamide and 2- 12 μg/mL for Mebendazole. The percentage recovery of Quinfamide and mebendazole ranged from 98.48 to 99.08 and 98.83 to 99.62 (Method I); from 98.14 to 98.93 and 99.16 to 99.35 (Method II) for Quinfamide and Mebendazole. The established methods were sensible for simultaneous quantitative determination of both these drugs in fixed dose combinations. Validation of both these methods was performed as per ICH guidelines. The developed methods can routinely be used for estimation of both these drugs in their combined dosage form
A Study of Prescribing Habits of Low Molecular Weight Heparin in Cardiovascular Disease in Tertiary Care Hospital
Get PDFBackground and Objective: Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are the leading non-communicable diseases and also leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWHs) is frequently prescribed medication in CVDs. Prescribing pattern of LMWHs in CVDs is necessary to recommends modifications to achieve rational and cost-effective medical care. Methodology: An inpatients hospital based observational prospective study for a period of six months was carried out. Data was collected from patient medication sheet and analyzed by suitable methods and standard references. Results and Discussion: In our study, a total of 120 patients were enrolled out of 120 patients 84 were male and 36 were female. Antiplatelet drug is maximum prescribing drug in 98 (81.34%) patients out of 120, then after hypolipidaemic drugs in 94 (78.02%), Anticoagulant in 92 (76.36%), Antibiotics in 90 (74.70%), Antianginal in 69 (57.27), Antihypertensive in 64 (53.12%), Diuretics in 59 (48.97%). LMWHs are prescribed in 78 (65%) in which Enoxaparin is prescribed in 67(55%) and Dalteparin in 11(10%) patients out of 120 patients. Total 259 Drug-Drug Interactions (DDI) were found in which 67 were Major, 140 were Moderate, and 52 were Minor. Conclusion: The study show LMWHs are highly prescribed category of anticoagulant. Enoxaparin is prescribed morethan Dalteparin. Antiplatelet drugs are prescribed to every patient who is prescribed with LMWHs to prevent embolic event. Chance of DDI is increases with these combinations. LMWHs and Fibrinolytic drugs are very costly and impart maximum economic burden to middle class family
WHO Guided Real Time Stability Testing on Shankhpushpi Syrup
Get PDFShankhpushpiis widely used herb in numerous CNS active Ayurvedic formulations, which are consumed by population of all age groups. The present study is designed to evaluate the stability of commercially available shankhpushpi syrup as per WHO guidelines. The study was conducted under long term conditions for 12 months on three different batches of the product. An HPLC-UV method was developed and validated to determine the marker (scopoletin) content in the stability samples. Peak purity was determined using HPLC-PDA analysis. Each stability sample was investigated for any change in physical, chemical and biological parameters with respect to control sample. The product was found to be stable in terms of physical parameters whereas significant change was observed in total phenolic content and content of scopoletin. The antioxidant, acetylcholine esterase inhibitory and antianxiety activities of the stability samples decreased with respect to control sample. Moreover, there was significant variation in chemical and biological parameters among the batches. The findings suggested that the product was unstable and further studies are required to be conducted in order to determine the shelf life of the product
Microneedle Mediated Vaccine Delivery: A Comprehensive Review
Get PDFMicroneedles can be representative for paradigm shift of drug delivery from patient non-compliant parenteral injections to patient compliant drug delivery system, which can be utilized for administration of vaccines particularly along with macromolecular/micromolecular drugs. The concept of microneedles came into existence many decades ago but the use of microneedles to achieve efficient delivery of drugs into the skin became subject of research from mid of 1990’s. Various types of microneedles were utilized to enhance delivery of drugs and vaccines including solid microneedles for pre-treatment of skin to enhance drug permeability, dissolvable polymeric microneedles encapsulating drugs, microneedles coated with drugs and hollow microneedles for infusion of drugs through the skin. Microneedles have shown promisingdelivery of vaccines through skin in literature. But the successful utilization of this system for vaccine drug delivery mainly depends on design of device to facilitate microneedle infusion, vaccine stability and storage in system, recovery of skin on removal of microneedle and improved patient compliance. This article reviews the conventional and advanced methods of vaccine drug deliver, microneedles for drug delivery, types of microneedles, advantages of microneedles and potential of microneedles for vaccine drug delivery
Standardization of Some Commercial Anti-diabetic Herbal Products containing Syzygiumcumini
Get PDFAn isocratic HPLC method was developed for standardization of five commercially available products containing S. cumini seeds (DIABECON, MADHULENE, HYPONIDD, D-FIT and DIABEGON)using methylxanthoxylin (MXX)as marker. The method was validated in accordance with ICH Q2(R1) guidelines. The chromatographic separation of MXX was achieved on a C18 column by mobile phase composed of methanol and water (60:40%v/v) at a flow rate 0.5 mL/min. The eluent was detected at 280 nm.The method was linear over concentration of 1-200 μg/mL with correlation coefficient of 0.9999. The LOD and LOQ were 0.175 and 0.530 µg/mL, respectively. The method was precise (%RSD <0.31), accurate and robust for determination of MXX in herbal extracts. The content of MXX in the seed extract was found to be 0.0433%w/w while it was ranging from 0.026-0.041%w/w in the products. The content of MXX was found to be equivalent to the pure seed extract only in DIABECON tablets and D-FIT soft gelatine capsules while it was found to be significantly less in the other formulations
Pharmacognostic Standardization of Biophytum Sensitivum Dc
Get PDFBiophytum sensitivum DC. (Family – Oxalidaceae) is a traditional drug used in treating various ailments especially in mental disorders. The present study was envisaged to establish pharmacognostic standards of the plant so that authentic plant can be selected for research purpose. Heavy metal content, microbial load, aflatoxins contamination and pesticide residues were also examined to substantiate the standardization data. Transverse section of the root was cut and showed the presence of root hair, cork, cortex, pericyclic region, vascular bundles and pith whereas the stem showed the presence of trichomes, cork, cortex, pericylic fibres, xylem and phloem. Alcohol soluble extractive value was slightly higher than water soluble extractive values. Total ash, water soluble ash, acid-insoluble ash and sulphated ash were found to be 8.80, 5.26, 1.90 and 0.35% w/w respectively. Foreign matter, loss on drying, swelling index and foaming index were found to be nil, 8.50% w/w, nil, and less than 100 ml respectively. Microbial load, heavy metals and pesticide residues complied with the limits as described by WHO. Flavonoids, tannins, saponins, proteins and amino acids were present in the plant
Cold Chain: A Lynchpin of National Immunization Program
Get PDFCold chain management (CCM), a lynchpin of National Immunization Program (NIP) is to deliver the vaccines or other immunological products/ vaccines to right people, at right place, and in right time ineffective manner under the controlled conditions to ensure its potency. To comply it, CCM is required with standardized equipment’s and standard procedures to transport the immunological products to ensure the availability of high-quality vaccines and immunization-related materials to all levels of the program. It is vital to ensure accurate implementation of pertinent strategies focusing on vaccine storage; transportation, immunization, safety, management & monitoring. If the CCM is managed properly, the program costs can be reduced markedly without sacrificing the potency of product. Apart from that, high and unwanted vaccine wastage rates are due to poorly managed planning resulting into significant variation in operation program cost, improper management of waste with the negative impact on public health. The review enlightens on how vaccines are stored, transported and monitored to sustain immunological products/vaccines integrity throughout the way of their transportation emphasizing on the various equipment’s and logistic needs to cover the entire cold chain management rigorously till the reach of target population child/mother at the primary healthcare centers(PHCs)
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever: Recent Update On Disease Status, Current Therapies And Advances In Treatment
Get PDFSwiftly growing viruses are a major intimidation to human health. Such viruses are extremely pathogenic like Ebola virus, influenza virus, HIV virus, Zika virus etc . Ebola virus, a type of Filovirus, is an extremely infectious, single-stranded ribonucleic acid virus that infects both humans and apes, prompting acute fever with hemorrhagic syndrome. The high infectivity, severity and mortality of Ebola has plagued the world for the past fifty years with its first outbreak in 1976 in Marburg, Germany, and Frankfurt along with Belgrade and Serbia. The world has perceived about 28,000 cases and over 11,000 losses. The high lethality of Ebola makes it a candidate for use in bioterrorism thereby arising more concern. New guidelines have been framed for providing best possible care to the patients suffering from Ebola virus i.e Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development And Evaluation (GRADE) methodology to develop evidence-based strategy for the treatment in future outbreak of Ebola virus. No drugs have been approved, while many potent drugs like rVSV-EBOV, Favipiravir, ZMapp are on clinical test for human safety. In this review we will discover and discuss perspective aspects that lead to the evolution of different Ebola variants as well as advances in various drugs and vaccines for treatment of the disease
Molecular Docking Evaluation of Some Natural Phenolic Compounds as Aldose Reductase Inhibitors for Diabetic Complications
Get PDFThe enzyme aldose reductase (AR) is a member of aldoketoreductase super-family which catalyzes the formation of sorbitol from glucose through polyol pathway of glucose catabolism. Reduced sorbitol production via polyol pathway due to AR inhibition is a target of choice for controlling major complications of diabetes. Epalrestat is the only commercially available inhibitor of AR till date,thus, there is a great need to search for more economical, nontoxic and safer inhibitors of AR enzyme. Flavonoids,the polyphenol compounds in plants have been reported for inhibitory effects against AR. The objective of this study is to explore the binding modes of naturalphenolic compounds with AR to design safer natural drugs as alternatives to synthetic drugs. We conducted a molecular docking study on some naturalphenolic compounds with AR enzyme in complex with the synthetic inhibitor. The overlay of the docked pose of the selected natural phenols with the ARreference inhibitor complex showed that the selected natural compounds have the similar binding pattern with the active site residues of the enzyme as that of co-crystallized inhibitor. The results of docking study showed the best binding affinity of AR with that of 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) ethanoic acid and butein, having the lowest binding free energy of –9.8 kcal/mol and–9.7 kcal/mol, respectively. This information can be utilized to design potent, economical and non-toxic natural AR inhibitors from natural phenols for the therapeutics of diabetic complications
Ameliorative Potential of Aminophylline In Restrain Stress Induced Behavioural and Biochemical Alterations
Get PDFThis study is designed to investigate the attenuating prospective of aminophylline in immobilization stress generated behavioural changes in rats. Animals were exposed to restrain stress before being subjected to varying doses of aminophylline (1mg/kg, 2mg/kg and 4mg/kg). Behavioural changes were analyzed to assess the intensity and the degree of the stress, by estimating the changes in the exploratory behaviour, spontaneous activity and social behaviour using various paradigms. As a consequence of stress, the behavioral patterns so changed were assessed in the terms of changes in the locomotor activity, number of head dips and increased avoidance behaviour. Aminophylline (4mg/kg) modulated the stress produced changes in the behaviour and oxidative stress generated biochemical alterations in a significant manner (p<0.001). The results so obtained suggest that upon exposure to stress, animal behavioural patterns, biochemical markers levels changed and these changes wereefficiently modulated by aminophylline at therapeutic doses