Journal of Pharmaceutical Technology, Research and Management
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Screening of Antianxiety Activity of Habenaria Intermedia D. Don Fruits
Get PDFHabenaria intermedia D. Don (Vriddhi; Orchidaceae) has been traditionally used in the treatment of nervous disorders, skin disorders and asthma. The available pharmacological reports on H. intermedia reveal that the plant has not been screened for antianxiety activity. Thus, it was envisaged to subject H. intermedia for screening of antianxiety activity using elevatedplus maze model. The crude extracts (n-hexane, chloroform, methanol and water extracts) of plant material were prepared successively in increasing order of polarity. The anxiolytic activity was assessed by comparing number of entries and average time spent by mice treated with test extracts (200 or 400 mg/kg, p.o.) in open arms of EPM with respect to control and standard drug, diazepam (2 mg/kg, p.o.). Significant antianxiety activity was observed in methanol extract with respect to control, whereas n-hexane, chloroform and water extracts did not exhibit antianxiety activity. It is further observed that antianxiety activity exhibited by the methanol extract was statistically not equivalent to the standard drug. Based on these observations, it is concluded that the methanol extract of H. intermedia exhibits mild anxiolytic activity
Analytical Review on Raloxifene -An Estrogen Receptor Modulator in Different Pharmaceutical Formulations and Biological Fluids
Get PDFRaloxifene (RLX) is an oral selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). It is showing estrogenic action on bone and anti-estrogenic action on uterus and breast. An extensive literature has been published for analysis of RLX in different pharmaceutical formulations. This review article endeavor to provide the detail account on analytical methods for RLX and also validation details for its readers. It further helps to avoid costly chemicals and time consuming exercises for further investigation of RLX
Analgesic Activity of some 1-Phenyl-3-aryl-5- (4-(butanoloxy) phenyl) 1H-pyrazoles
Get PDFA series of analgesic activity of synthesised 1 -Phenyl-3-aryl- 5-(4-(butanoloxy) phenyl) 1H-pyrazoles were synthesized from chalcones and screened for their in vitro analgesic activity. Chalcones i.e.,1-aryl-3- (4-hydroxyphenyl) prop-2-en-1-ones, 1 on reaction with phenyl hydrazine in presence of acetic acid and few drops of hydrochloric acid furnished the corresponding 1-phenyl-3-aryl-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazoles 2 which on further reaction with 4-chloroalkanol yielded the title compounds 3. These compounds were characterized by CHN analyses, IR, mass and 1H NMR spectral data. All the novel synthesised 1-Phenyl-3-aryl-5-(4-(butanoloxy) phenyl) 1H-pyrazoles were evaluated pharmacologically for their analgesic activity and the title synthesised compounds exhibited significant results as compared to standard drug
Dissolution Enhancement of Domperidone Fast Disintegrating Tablet Using Modified Locust Bean Gum by Solid Dispersion Technique
Get PDFEnhancement of dissolution characteristics of poorly soluble drug Domperidone by solid dispersion technique using modified locust bean gum (MLBG) and further conversion into tablet dosage form with fast dissolving characteristics is being explored in current study. Solid dispersions (SD) were prepared by solvent evaporation technique. F1, F3, F5 and F7 batches of SD (1:1, 1:3, 1:5 and 1:7 ratio of drug to MLBG) were prepared. Maximum solubility was observed in 1:3 ratio (F3 batch) in comparison to pure drug. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy studies revealed no interaction of drug to polymer MLBG. Transition from crystalline to amorphous state of drug was analyzed by X-RD studies. SEM studies revealed change in surface characteristics of drug in solid dispersions. In vitro release studies revealed maximum dissolution in F3 (93% in 30 min). Further solid dispersion batches F3 was compressed into tablets including other excipients and crosspovidone as superdisintegrant. The in vitro release from tablet batch revealed better dissolution characteristics (95% in 30 min) in comparison to marketed tablet (50% in 60 min). Therefore, MLBG solid dispersion tablets of domperidone can be a convenient dosage form with enhanced dissolution characteristics
Development and Validation of Method for the Estimation of Telmisartan as Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient in Tablet Dosage form and Prepared Spherical Agglomerates by RP-HPLC
Get PDFThe Present work was designed to develop and validate an accurate, precise and rapid method for the estimation of Telmisartan as Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) as well as in tablet dosage form and prepared spherical agglomerates by RP-HPLC. The developed method was found to be simple, accurate, precise and sensitive. The separation was achieved on an Isocratic High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) (Thermo Scientific) using pumps Jasco PU 2080 Plus, UV detector, column oven (Jasco), and a Reverse Phase C-18 (phenyl) Column (25 cm x 4.6 mm) i.d., particle size 5 μm. The HPLC system was run with flow rate: 0.8 ml/min Injection Volume: 10μl and run time: 10 min, Detector temp: 40 oC. The method was validated for specificity, precision, linearity, and accuracy, robustness, LOD and LOQ parameters. The recovery range was within the range of 99.0–102.0% and the method could be successfully applied for the routine analysis of the drug substance as well as the spherical agglomerates prepared by crystallo coagglomeration technique
Toxicological Evaluation of Crude Alkaloid Fraction Isolated From Indian Folklore Plant Telosma Pallida (Roxb) wg Craib Root Using Probit Value Analysis
Get PDFPresent study first time reported the toxicological profile of Telosma pallida (TP) crude alkaloid fraction (CAF) isolated from the root of the climber plant by brine shrimp lethality test (BLT). Telosma pallida is a perennial herb found throughout the Junagadh district and surrounding. Previous studies showed the use of these alkaloids in the inhibition of thymidylate synthetase enzymes and cell growth. Brine shrimp toxicity study was carried out with Artemia salina Leach. In this assay, brine shrimp was hatched in sea salt water and allowed to contact with various concentrations of the crude alkaloid fractions. At 500μg/ml, highest mortality was found 74.44±0.35%whereas in the case of positive control, at the dose of 50μg/ml, 80.00±0.609% mortality was found. LD50 values for CAF and test control was found to be 89.12μg/ml and 12.59μg/ml, respectively. Further in-vitro and in-vivo studies may testify the anticancer potential of this plant
Estimation of Delafloxacin Using Derivative Spectrophotometry and Area Under Curve in Bulk Material and in Laboratory Mixture
Get PDFSimple, specific, rapid and accurate UV-spectrophotometric methods have been developed using a solvent acetonitrile (50 %) to determine delafloxacin in bulk material and in laboratory mixture. “Method A” is zero order derivative UV- spectrophotometry using absorbance, “Method B” is zero order derivative UV-spectrophotometry using Area Under Curve (AUC) technique, “Method C” is first order derivative UV-spectrophotometry using amplitude, “Method D” is First Order Derivative UV-spectrophotometry- AUC,“Method E” is Second Order Derivative UV-spectrophotometry using amplitude and “Method F” is second order derivative UV- spectrophotometry using (AUC) technique. The developed methods have shown excellent results in terms of linearity and range, accuracy, precision and Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit of Quantification (LOQ). In all Methods, delafloxacin obeyed linearity in the concentration range of 2 - 12 μg/mL with (r2 > 0.999). All these methods were applied for estimation of delafloxacin in laboratory mixture. All the above mentioned methods were validated considering linearity and range, accuracy, precision, ruggedness and sensitivity
Self-medication in Developing Countries a Systematic Review
Get PDFSelf-medication is common in developing countries where it has both economic and social implications. On the one hand, it is viewed as a large component of self-care, which relies heavily on the consumer’s expertise in terms of experience of the consumer, when it comes to medication use. On the other hand, if not practiced correctly it can lead to multiple issues including abuse and drug resistance. Across surveys conducted in developing countries the reasons why people self-medicate has been studied, to understand the determinants of self-medication and to explain the influence of knowledge and information on self-medication practices. To understand the same a detailed systematic literature review based on survey findings on self-medication in developing countries was carried out. From a total of 52 survey articles, 25 surveys were selected for the present review. From the survey outcomes it was found that the cost, time and past experience with the medicine and symptom were key determinants while healthcare professionals emerged to be the primary sources of information and knowledge for self-medication practices. The prevalence of self-medication as a phenomenon is high and it has both potential benefits and associated risks with it. To ensure that the risks and benefits of medicine usage are known by consumers, we really need to look at and design suitable interventions to promote responsible self-medication and in turn, rational drug use in the developing world
Assessment for Sporicidal Activity of Two Types of Peroxygen/Silver-Based Disinfectants: A Comparative Study
Get PDFNumerous cases have been reported globally showing outbreaks, dissemination of infections and/or spoilage of medicinal products, food and other consumables that affects human life and may lead to death in some cases. One of the most critical measures of microbial contamination that should be taken into consideration is the use of proper disinfectant depending on the type of activities and the work load of the healthcare institution, subjects or media for microbial transfer and the affected population. The current study shows significant difference in sporicidal activity between two types of commercial peroxygen/Silver based disinfectants obtained from same manufacturer and delivered through same distributor at the same time. The peroxygen component in one of the disinfectant products is Hydrogen peroxide while in the other product is Peroxyacetic acid/Hydrogen Peroxide mixture. Preliminary rapid assessment of the disinfectants activity was required using the most resistance microbial form (bacterial spore) as a reference microorganism to challenge the biocidal products. Bacillus pumilus and B. subtilis spores were exposed to both disinfectants at three different concentrations levels covering the range recommended by the manufacturer: 1, 3 and 5% (v/v). The first formula did not exceed 0.5 logarithmic reduction(LR) even after 30 minutes. While the other product achieved more than two folds LR (more than 100 times reduction in microbial population) after ten minutes contact time. Appropriate initial screening of biocidal activity in commercial disinfectants market is critical step that should be performed by the healthcare facilities before practical application. Otherwise, inefficient control on bioburden may lead to devastating consequences on human health. An initial, non-laborious, time-saving and non-expensive screening test using the most resistance microorganisms is encouraged to be performed by healthcare facilities prior to practical application of disinfectant rather than reliance solely on random selection of biocidal agents using informational data without confirmatory experiments
Pulsatile Drug Delivery System – A Novel Approach for Time and Spatial Controlled Drug Delivery
Get PDFThe area of pharmaceutical research is broadened with the invention of new pharmaceutical drug delivery system. The traditional drug deliveries systems have not the way to treat or cure special disease or as well as the common disease with less side effects and maximized efficacy. ODDS have various advantages and disadvantages but their disadvantages are overcome by the CDDS. CDDS although they overcome the disadvantages of ODDS but do not handle the special pharmacological disease requirements. To overcome this PDDS is established to overcome the disadvantages of CDDS. PDDS has gained importance in the drug delivery system because of improved patient compliance, therapeutic efficacy and having fewer side effects. PDDS uses lag time for delivery of drug in body. Various systems are there in PDDS to overcome the patient’s special chronopharmacological needs