International Journal of Innovations in Science & Technology
Not a member yet
813 research outputs found
Sort by
Visualizing Impact of Weather on Traffic Congestion Prediction: A Quantitative Study
Get PDFA substantial amount of research has been done to develop improved Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) to alleviate traffic congestion problems. These include methods that incorporate the indirect impact on traffic flow such as weather. In this paper, we studied the impact of weather conditions on traffic congestion along with more spatial and temporal factors, such as weekdays/time and location, which is a different approach to this problem. The proposed solution uses all these indicators to estimate the flow of traffic. We evaluate the level of congestion (LOC) based on the traffic volume grouped in certain regions of the city. The index for the defined LOC indicates the traffic flow from “free -flowing” to “traffic jam”. The data for the traffic volume count is collected from the Department of Transportation (DOT) for NYMTC. Weather conditions along with special and temporal information have an essential role in predicting the congestion level. We used supervised machine learning for this purpose. The prediction models are based on certain factors such as the volume count of the traffic at the entry and exit point of each street pair, particular days of the week, timestamp, geographical location, and weather parameters. The study is done on the major roadways of each of the four prominent boroughs in New York. The results of the traffic prediction model were established by using the Gradient Boosting Regression Tree (GBRT) which showed an accuracy of 97.12%. Moreover, the calculation speed was relatively fast, and it has stronger applicability to the prediction of congestion conditions.
Full Tex
Diversity and Conservation of Avian Fauna in Daphar Forest Sanctuary, Mandi Bahauddin, Pakistan
Get PDFBiodiversity is representative of a healthy ecosystem. Anthropogenic activities, including habitat degradation, hunting, and fragmentation, are major circumstances which results in species extinction. The present study was conducted to explore avian fauna and role of Daphar Forest Sanctuary, Mandi Bahauddin, Pakistan, in its conseration. Study was carried out for 12 months, and 12 visits were made during 1st January 2020 – 31st December 2020. The visits were paused during periods of rain or high wind. Sampling was done by direct count method. A total of 2999 avian population were observed during the study. An overall population was composed of 12 orders, 20 families, 28 genera, and 32 species. Relative Abundance was calculated highest for family Sturnidae, 12.94% (N = 388) of birds, and order Passerine 54.95% (N = 1648). Simpson Diversity index (SDI) value was 0.95, Shannon Weiner Diversity Index value was 3.224 that, showed high diversity of avian fauna. However, evenness was 0.78, which showed an even distribution was found among birds population. It was noticed that Sanctuary faces drastic pollution which results in complications for the native wildlife. It was concluded scientific activities and researches were legalized in the respective wildlife sanctuary so that more information is gathered about the wildlife thriving in these areas
Impact of Behavioral and Psychosocial Factors on Relapse among Persons with Substance Use Disorder
Get PDFThe present study was conducted to explore the impact of behavioral factors on relapse among drug addicts and moderating role of psychological factors. The study was carried out on male drug addicts from different cities in Punjab. The sample was comprised of (N = 200) male drug addicts. The sample was selected by using purposive sampling. The General Health Questionnaire, Patient Depression Questionnaire PHQ-9, Drug Abuse Screening Test-10, Perceived Stigma of Substance Abuse Scale, Adaptability, Partnership, Growth, Affection and Resolve, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test and The Advance Warning of Relapse Questionnaire were used in the current study. Alpha coefficients and correlation matrix for all variables were computed. Moderation analysis further revealed that perceived stigma significantly moderated the relationship between drug and alcohol abuse severity and warning of relapse. The family function also moderated the relationship between drug and alcohol abuse severity and the sign of degeneration. It was found that Perceived stigma significantly moderated the relationship between alcohol and drug abuse severity and warning of relapse
Role of Microbes in Modern Food Industry
Get PDFMicroorganisms are an important part of the food industry as these are helpful in food preservation and production. Usually, microorganisms are used in making dairy products (yogurt and cheese), fermented vegetables (olives, pickles, and sauerkraut), fermented meats (salami), and sourdough bread. These are also utilized for the production of wine and several other beverages. Recently in the food industry, the use of microorganisms has started on a large scale for the production of chocolate, food color, from preserving fruits, vegetables and meat, and as probiotics which are helpful for human health. Different types of the microorganisms produce enzymes of nutritional value such as microbial transglutaminase for fish production. As the human population is increasing, we need to adopt new techniques for producing qualitative and nutritious food. These microorganisms can be used to cope with the shortage of food supply. This review will brief the role of microorganisms in above mentioned products as a leading step towards the modern food industry.
Full Tex
A Review on Transformation of Monolithic Applications towards Microservices Environment
Get PDFThe traditional monolithic approach is widely employed in centralized software development, deployment, and reusability, as the modules are tightly connected, causing several challenges in programming. The study utilized different techniques for the easy transformation of several running monolithic applications to micro services including, Angular 2, REST API, Web application and several other architectural approaches are discussed. This review paper highlights the significance of microservices and the transformation of monolithic applications towards microservices. As multiple software applications are an integral part of a traditional monolithic application, the modules cannot be extended separately, and different modules cannot use various technology stacks. So, monolithic source code must be migrated to the microservice platform in order to extend `the lifecycle of applications in today\u27s environment. However, due to structural complexity, scattered application logic, and dependency upon external framework libraries, the transformation towards a microservices platform is quite challenging. A Microservice architecture is a container of loosely coupled independent services making a flexible system. In this study, potential areas for the transformation of monolithic application source code are highlighted. Furthermore, key challenges and open research issues in this area are highlighted, requiring the research community\u27s attention. The study concludes that Microservices are not a one-size-fits-all solution for every challenging situation. Monolithic transformation requires significant amount of time and effort on the part of everyone in the business.
Full Tex
Assessment and Validation of Land Surface Temperature (LST) Dynamics using Geo-spatial Techniques in Dera Ghazi Khan City, Pakistan
Get PDFThe integrated practice of remote-sensing and GIS techniques provides an active tool for assessment of spatial and temporal variability of land features. Based on literature, it can be suggested that various studies over the recent years have been carried out to explore the potential of geospatial techniques and were found highly efficient to understand the interdependency of landscape changes, land surface temperature changes (LST) and creation of Urban Heat Island (UHI) in major cities around globe. The current research was conducted in Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab- Pakistan which is located at latitude 30.04587 N and longitude 70.64029 E. The Landsat 8 TIRS and OLI images were obtained free of cost from USGS e-data portal. These images have already been rectified to WGS-1984-UTM-Zone_43N. The meteorological data file (MTL) for Dera Ghazi Khan- contains the study was acquired from Pakistan Meteorological Department. As per results vegetation cover has been decreased up to 15 % from 2001 to 2021, which was directly affecting the land surface temperature. It has been observed that LST derived from the satellite was closely matched with ground climatic data; there was a mere temperature difference of 2°C to 3°C. It is concluded that LST was negatively correlated with vegetation cover of the area under study. It is suggested to implement road map as provided in Dera Ghazi Khan Master Plan-2021 in order to have a control on unplanned landscape changes, urban evolution and rapid population growth
Quack Finder: A Probabilistic Approach
Get PDFQuackery is profoundly rooted in rural areas, , but cities are also considerably affected. Countries, whether developed or developing, are experiencing this curse. Quackery is one of the primary reasons for the recent AIDS epidemic among children in Pakistan. In this research, we have conducted two separate surveys to study the causes of quackery. The sample sizes for the public and physicians were 157 and 58, respectively. The first questionnaire was handed to the respondents based in Pakistan to reveal the reasons behind the quackery and its widespread existence. The second questionnaire was designed to examine physicians\u27 perceptions of quackery. The data were analyzed and we physicians having permit granted by the PMDC (Pakistan Medical and Dental Council) should be placed in doctor\u27s clinics to help people distinguish between quacks and physicians. According to the conducted survey government may be held accountable behind the spread of quackery whereas lack of awareness from the media and high illiteracy rates are also the lead causes. Moreover, according to doctor’s perspective, awareness campaigns will surely help us to overcome this menace. It is not simple for common people to differentiate a quack from a doctor. To assist the common person, we have created a prototype android app called "Quack Finder"\u27 based on our survey outcomes to predict whether an individual is a quack or a doctor.
Full Tex
Prominence of Filtering Techniques for Harmonics Mitigation in Advanced Power Electronics Systems
Get PDFWith the advancement in technology, non-linear loads, continue to increase, and the enigma of harmonics is getting more and more serious. The huge addition of electronic loads in power systems has formed the problem of harmonic generation that has resulted in many associated drawbacks. This paper aims to analyze the harmonics in advanced power electronics-based systems and describes a solution to mitigate them through two distinguished filtering techniques. A rigorous analysis is done concerning the generation of harmonic distortion through different types of loads and harmonic mitigation by employing passive and active power filters. The active power (adaptive) filtering method mitigates all sorts of undesirable frequency components using artificial intelligence (AI) based algorithms by calculating the weight of the fundamental component and generating a harmonics replica to subtract it from the original periodic wave. The simulations that were done show that the indicated techniques can mitigate undesirable harmonics and can lower the total harmonic distortion (THD) effectively according to the statutory limit of the IEEE 519-2014 standard, thus lowering the associated drawbacks of harmonic generation in advanced power electronics systems
Analyzing ML-Based IDS over Real-Traffic
Get PDFThe rapid growth of computer networks has caused a significant increase in malicious traffic, promoting the use of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) to protect against this ever-growing attack traffic. A great number of IDS have been developed with some sort of weaknesses and strengths. Most of the development and research of IDS is purely based on simulated and non-updated datasets due to the unavailability of real datasets, for instance, KDD \u2799, and CIC-IDS-18 which are widely used datasets by researchers are not sufficient to represent real-traffic scenarios. Moreover, these one-time generated static datasets cannot survive the rapid changes in network patterns. To overcome these problems, we have proposed a framework to generate a full feature, unbiased, real-traffic-based, updated custom dataset to deal with the limitations of existing datasets. In this paper, the complete methodology of network testbed, data acquisition and attack scenarios are discussed. The generated dataset contains more than 70 features and covers different types of attacks, namely DoS, DDoS, Portscan, Brute-Force and Web attacks. Later, the custom-generated dataset is compared to various available datasets based on seven different factors, such as updates, practical-to-generate, realness, attack diversity, flexibility, availability, and interoperability. Additionally, we have trained different ML-based classifiers on our custom-generated dataset and then tested/analyzed it based on performance metrics. The generated dataset is publicly available and accessible by all users. Moreover, the following research is anticipated to allow researchers to develop effective IDSs and real traffic-based updated datasets
IMU Aided GPS Based Navigation of Ackermann Steered Rover
Get PDFGPS signal loss is a major issue when the navigation system of rovers is based solely on GPS for outdoor navigation rendering the rover stuck in the mid of the road in case of signal loss. In this study, a low-cost IMU aided GPS-based navigation system for Ackermann Steered mobile robots is presented and tested to cater to the issue of GPS signal loss along. GPS path is selected and fed using the android application which provides real-time location tracking of the rover on the map embedded into the application. System utilizes Arduino along with the node MCU, compass, IMU, Rotary encoders, and an Ackermann steered rover. Contorller processes the path file, compares its current position with the path coordinates and navigates using inertial sensor aided navigation algorithm, avoiding obstacles to reach its destination. IMU measures the distance traveled from each path point, and in case of signal loss, it makes the rover move for the remaining distance in the direction of destination point. Rover faced a sinusoidal motion due to the steering, so PID was implemented. The system was successfully tested on the IST premises and finds its application in the delivery trolley, institutional delivery carts, and related applications