International Journal of Innovations in Science & Technology
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A Study of Active Chaman Fault System (CFS) Using SRTM DEM
Get PDFChaman fault is a seismically active fault running over 850km in western region of Pakistan and Afghanistan. It is a major geological structure between Indian and Eurasian plates. Chaman fault is a strike slip fault which is slipping nearly at the rate of 10mm per year. This research includes the evaluation of lithological processes and neotectonics activity using Hypsometric Integral (HI). We calculated values of hypsometric integral using SRTM DEM with 90m spatial resolution in active region of Chaman Fault (CF) and in its locality. We analyzed different mean, minimum and maximum elevations using regular square grids and measured the degree of spatial distribution of HI using Local Indices (LI) of Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA). LISA provides auto correlation for the cluster analysis of hotspots and cold spots of HI values to discriminate uplifted and eroded regions.
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Efficient Strategy to Remove Potable Water Scarcity in Lahore
Get PDFWater is life” is not only a phrase but also a reality which ensure human survival. This study provides an important tool to analyze different water management strategies that can be helpful in saving available water resources in an efficient way. Consultation with the public and officials of Water and Sanitation Agency (WASA), Lahore Development Authority (LDA), and Water & Power Development Authority (WAPDA) made this easier to understand the acceptability of the explored strategies in Lahore. A sample size of 400population was observed a supportive method to draw favorable results from the collected primary data. It is estimated that Lahore and its outskirts receive highest rainfall which contributes 40% to the annual groundwater recharge but the water table is still depleting gradually. This research provides necessary information regarding the conservation of ground water. The correlations method was applied to check the significance of the variables. The findings proposed that authorities must communicate awareness among general public regarding importance of water or should start programs for water management. The other way of correlating strategies implemented in other similar countries led us towards billing and taxing as the topmost strategy to be implemented in our case study. A total of 66% targeted population was willing to make this strategy implemented through government support. Although other strategies like flash flooding, water recycling, rainwater harvesting, and equitable access to water all the time were following the acceptance as 60%, 61%, and 62% respectively. Finally, imposition of strict laws on water usage leads toward water saving for a sustainable future.
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Remote Sensing Evaluation of Neotectonics in Potwar Plateau Lesser Himalyas Pakistan
No full textThe Potwar plateau was developed in subduction zone of lower Himalayan fold and thrust in the North West region. This study identifies topographic deformation and neotectonics activity using Digital Evaluation Model (DEM). The SRTM DEM having resolution of 90 m analyzes active tectonics in local drainage network. Standard algorithms and geomorphic indices are used to extract isobase maps, concavity, steepness and relative rates of uplift. The steepness index indicates the elevation of Potwar region. The variable rates of uplift, indicates surface deformation in different regions of Potwar plateau. Isobase maps indicate lithological distinctions and structures under the influence of neotectonics using geological maps. Landsat satellite imagery was used to indicate neotectonics activity over the spatial drainage network and streams corresponding to the longitudinal river profile analysis
Appraisal of Spatiotemporal Variations in Snow Cover Dynamics using Geospatial Techniques: A paradigm from Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
Get PDFSnow and glaciers in the mountain ranges of Hindu-Kush, Karakoram, and Himalayas (HKH), are supposed to be shrinking. Consequently, serious significances occur in respect of water accessibility for inhabitants of down streams. This investigation is an effort o identify the temporal variation in snow covers of Gilgit Baltistan (GB), northern Pakistan. For the calculation of the Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) and estimation of snow-covered area (SCA), MODIS images for the period of 2000 to 2020 were used. Hunza, Astore, Gilgit, Diamir, Shyok, Ghanche, Skardu and Shigar are major sub-basins lying in GB with Hunza and Skardu being the mostly glaciated areas. Annual fluctuation in snow cover within GB was 10 to 80%. In accumulation season, from December to February, snow cover was almost 80% while in melting season, from July to September this area was reduced to 65-75%. The maximum and minimum Snow-Covered Area (SCA) detected in 2009 was almost 57687.85 km2 and 12083.40 km2 respectively. These results show fluctuations in SCA within the time duration of the last two decades.
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Flood Inundation Mapping using Multi-temporal Datasets
Get PDFFloods are considered the most frequent natural catastrophic events, which effect the human lives and infrastructure. Flooding causes tremendous loss of life and property every year. We used satellite imagery to map flood inundation in Jehlum river for the both pre and post flood scenarios and classified it into major landuse including vegetation, water body, buildup land and the bare soil. The results show that about 40% area was agricultural land, 29% was bare soil, 16% was build up land and 12% area was noted as water body.The categorization of the post flood areas, showed that flood has destroyed the buildup and agriculture lands.The superimposition proposed that agricultural land was 43% before the flood which reduced up to 31%,the normal flow of water was 12% before flood which was increased up to 33%, build up area and bare soil was also decreased up to 10% and 25% respectively. Remote sensing and GIS proved efficient in convergence of optimistic results.
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Appraisal of Trans Indus, Marwat-Khisor and Bhittani Ranges Thrusting through Geo-spatial Techniques
Get PDFHimalayan mountain belt was created by the Indo–Eurasian collision. The length of this seismically active mountain belt is almost 2500 km. Southern partition of this zone is marked by the main frontal thrust. We computed the isobase, relative relief, incision, vertical dissection and drainage density maps of the study site. Drainage density is inversely proportional to the rest of computed parameters. Drainage density is less where the incision/deep cutting is high. Pezu and north western parts of the study site are observed vulnerable to tectonic activity and high risks. These sites are the adjoining parts of active faults. The rates of morphological changes and the combination of stripping processes are determined through Surface dynamics maps (SDM). Although it is a handy tool used to evaluate erosion conditions of sags or sub basins. Remote sensing and GIS techniques proved efficient for appraisal of thrust in Marwat Kishore and Bhittani ranges.
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Assessment and Mapping of Vulnerable Roads to Accidents Through Geospatial Techniques
Get PDFIn Pakistan, about 36000 people were killed in road accidents in the year 2019. This study focuses on hazard assessment through geo-spatial techniques using both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies. An attempt was made to demarcate the most vulnerable roads to accidents for the years 2015 to 2019 through geospatial techniques. The data used in this research was collected through real time field observation using questionnaire-based survey. The results show that the ratio of reported accidents was higher in 2019 which was 53,979, in comparison to the number of accidents occurred in 2015 which were 19,073. It caused 478 casualities in 2019 in comparison to 308 in 2015. We found various reasons behind these accidents at both administration and individual levels e.g., about 67% increase was observed in number of vehicles from 2015 to 2019 whereas only 14% driving licenses were issues against this number. The most vulnerable roads where most of accidents occurred were Ferozepur Road, Ring Road, Mall Road and Jail Road whereas, in Iqbal Town, the roads were Canal Road, Multan Road, College Road and Raiwind Road. Geospatial techniques proved efficient for mapping the vulnerable roads to accidents.
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Assessment of Service Quality And Efficiency of Bus Rapid Transit System
Get PDFTransportation is an indistinguishable component of any society. Provision of luxury transportation at favorable rates to general public is the need of the day for societal comfort. Research has been done to assess the service and efficiency level of(Bus Rapid Transit)BRT system by evaluating initial parameters including passenger’s attitudes towards quality, safety, security, and service provided by Metro bus Lahore as well as identifying problems encountered by passengers. In Pakistan, local transportation play significant role for travelers to commute whereas the vast transportation system of Lahore and construction of Metro Bus Transit System with consideration to balance demands of traffic has provided safer, economical and secure public transport system to the people. This research has been carried out from Shahdara to Gujjumata. The questionnaire-based survey was conducted. which was comprised of questions according to problems, needs of passengers and indicators which were set to identify the service quality of Metro Bus. It is revealed from analysis that majority of people are satisfied from service quality, punctuality, accessibility and efficiency provided by BRT system. It is also observed that this service is user-friendly for physically impaired persons. Dissatisfaction level was also observed on low seating capacity in buses, security, safety of users on board. This research suggests concerned authority to improve, enhance current passenger services and provide better services so that current users can enjoy services and attract new passengers to use Metro bus as well as imply international best practices in Pakistan urban transport.
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Monitoring the Spatial Structure of Land Values in Lahore Metropolitan Area
Get PDFSpatio-temporal variations in assessment of land values play a vital role in better urban planning and policy making. This study focuses on spatial structures of land values in Lahore metropolitan area by using different spatial and statistical techniques. The comparative analysis of land values for the years 2012 & 2018 is generated which is useful for planners, investors, and policy makers. The research is descriptive but explanatory in nature to show correlation between independent variables (real land values) and dependent variables (interpolated land values). The interpolation techniques which have the highest correlation coefficient, were used further processing. The inter category shift based on interpolation maps for comparison shows categorical shift which is useful for investors in future. The results indicate that the land values are higher in Central Business District and Gulberg Zone because of highly active business zone which increases the demand of the land which is ultimately increasing the value of land in Lahore metropolitan area.
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Optimize Elasticity in Cloud Computing using Container Based Virtualization
Get PDFCloud computing emphasis on using and underlying infrastructure in a much efficient way. That’s why it is gaining immense importance in today’s industry. Like every other field, cloud computing also has some key feature for estimating the standard of working of every cloud provider. Elasticity is one of these key features. The term elasticity in cloud computing is directly related to response time (a server takes towards user request during resource providing and de-providing. With increase in demand and a huge shift of industry towards cloud, the problem of handling user requests also arisen. For a long time, the concept of virtualization held industry with all its merits and demerits to handle multiple requests over cloud. Biggest disadvantage of virtualization shown heavy load on underlying kernel or server but from past some decades an alternative technology emerges and get popular in a short time due to great efficiency known as containerization. In this paper we will discuss about elasticity in cloud, working of containers to see how it can help to improve elasticity in cloud for this will using some tools for analyzing two technologies i.e. virtualization and containerization. We will observe whether containers show less response time than virtual machine. If yes that’s mean elasticity can be improved in cloud on larger scale which may improve cloud efficiency to a large extent and will make cloud more eye catching.
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