International Journal of Nutrology
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Eating disorders related to image distortion and clinical outcomes of cannabidiol use: a systematic review
Full text linkIntroduction: In the context of eating disorders related to body image distortion, erroneous perception of body image is common in the general population and is also a central component of several serious diseases, including body dysmorphic disorder, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating. Especially for the treatment of eating disorders, cannabidiol (CBD) was identified 50 years ago and has effects that can change mood, sensation, perception, tension, appetite, and pain. Objective: This was to analyze, through a systematic review, the main approaches to eating disorders related to body image distortion, as well as the clinical results of the use of cannabidiol for the treatment of this condition. Methods: The systematic review rules of the PRISMA Platform were followed. The search was carried out from April to May 2025 in the Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: 123 articles were found. A total of 42 articles were assessed in full and 16 were included and developed in the present systematic review study. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 28 studies with a high risk of bias and 23 studies that did not meet GRADE and AMSTAR-2. Most studies presented homogeneity in their results, with X2=84.6%>50%. It was concluded that body image distortion can negatively alter the way someone thinks, feels, and behaves in their social or occupational lives; and is a proposed mechanism for the development of clinical and subclinical patterns of restricted eating or eating disorders. The eating disorders of anorexia nervosa and bulimia have reached epidemic proportions in our population today, especially among adolescent and adult women. Many times, these disorders are not diagnosed (and therefore not treated) because patients rarely disclose their symptoms to their doctor, therapist, or dietitian. There is growing evidence that cannabidiol acts as an antipsychotic, anxiolytic, and neuroprotective agent. Some studies show weight loss in people with anxiety and binge eating. However, new randomized controlled studies with larger numbers of participants are still needed
Effects of supplementation of collagen types, vitamins, nutrients and exosome modulations for the rejuvenation of collagen fibers and improvement of skin aesthetics: a systematic review
Full text linkIntroduction: Collagen prevails in connective tissues, constituting 80% of the dry weight of human skin. Aging induces a decline in enzymes involved in the post-translational processing of collagen, reducing the number of fibroblasts that synthesize collagen and the vessels that irrigate the skin. Oral ingestion of hydrolyzed collagen together with vitamins and nutrients (especially apple exosomes/microRNAs) increases the levels of collagen-derived peptides in the bloodstream and improves skin properties. Objective: A systematic review was carried out to elucidate the main results of clinical studies and meta-analyses of clinical studies on the effects of supplementation of types of collagens, vitamins, nutrients and modulations of exosomes/microRNAs for the rejuvenation of collagen fibers and improvement of skin aesthetics. Methods: The search was carried out from November 2024 to January 2025 in the Scopus, Embase, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 122 articles were found, and 12 articles were evaluated in full, and 08 were included and developed in the present systematic review study. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 20 studies with a high risk of bias and 26 studies that did not meet GRADE and AMSTAR-2. Most studies showed homogeneity in their results, with X2=62.4%>50%. Oral nutritional supplements containing collagen peptides can reduce skin vulnerability in the elderly and thus prevent conditions such as skin lesions. Thus, microRNA (miR-181b) may negatively regulate the proliferation of HEKs in psoriasis by targeting TLR4. The direct effects of collagen peptides on fibroblasts, M2-like macrophages, and mechanisms related to oral tolerance are the possible mechanisms for the beneficial effects of collagen supplementation. Special collagen peptides together with acerola extract, vitamin C, vitamin E, biotin, and zinc showed a significant improvement in the skin's collagen structure. The proven positive nutritional effect on collagen structure was fully consistent with the quality of healthy skin. Finally, apple-derived nanovesicles (exosomes) also reduce the degradation of the extracellular matrix, increasing collagen synthesis (COL3A1, COL1A2, COL8A1, and COL6A1) and negatively regulating the production of metalloproteinases
Impacts of obesity and comorbidities on sexual dysfunction in men and women: a systematic review
Full text linkIntroduction: Obesity, with more than 2.0 billion people worldwide, is associated with numerous comorbidities, affecting male and female sexual and reproductive function. Objective: This study explored the main clinical studies on the impacts of obesity on sexual dysfunction in men and women, as well as treatment proposals in an attempt to mitigate or resolve this condition. Methods: The systematic review rules of the PRISMA Platform were followed. The search was carried out from September to October 2024 in the Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 95 articles were found. A total of 30 articles were evaluated in full and 14 were included and developed in the present systematic review study. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 23 studies with high risk of bias and 25 studies that did not meet GRADE and AMSTAR-2. Most studies showed homogeneity in their results, with X2=72.5%>50%. It was concluded that obesity is associated with substantial and significant impairments in quality of life. Weight loss has been shown to improve sexual function in men and women with obesity. The impact of weight loss medications and the long-term effect of bariatric surgery on sexual function require further studies. Higher visceral adiposity index is independently related to the risk of erectile dysfunction and that early intervention is necessary to reduce the progression of erectile dysfunction with high levels of visceral adiposity index. It was shown that BMI, age, smoking, diabetes and hypertension were associated with higher odds of reporting decreased sexual function
The impact of macro- and micronutrients on metformin anti-diabetic activity: a systematic review
Full text linkIntroduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) affects over 537 million individuals worldwide, with cases expected to rise to 783 million by the year 2045. Metformin is the primary treatment, but its efficacy varies due to dietary influences. Growing evidence suggests that macro- and micronutrients interact with metformin, influencing its therapeutic effects. However, these interactions remain poorly understood. This review aims to bridge this knowledge gap by synthesizing recent findings on metformin-nutrient interactions to inform optimized therapeutic and dietary strategies. Objective: The objective of this systemic review is to investigate the impact of macro- and micronutrients on metformin anti-diabetic activity. Methods: This systematic review adheres to PRISMA guidelines, focusing on systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and experimental studies from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The research was carried out from September to October 2024. The studies were evaluated for quality using the GRADE tool and the risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool. Results and conclusion: 132 research studies were identified and subjected to an eligibility assessment. After a careful evaluation, 33 studies were included in this systematic review. The Cochrane tool used for assessing the risk of bias revealed that 22 studies had a high risk of bias, while 24 studies failed to meet the GRADE criteria. Most of the studies showed homogeneity in their findings, with X2=85.7%>50%. It was concluded that high saturated fat intake reduces metformin’s effect alternatively, nutrients like leucine enhance metformin efficacy through mechanisms involving the AMPK pathway, promoting lipid oxidation and glycemic improvements. Micronutrients such as calcium, magnesium, and potassium play essential roles in glucose metabolism and insulin signaling. These minerals are absorbed through OCT1 transporters, the same transport pathway used by metformin for cellular uptake. Clinical trials have demonstrated that adequate dietary intake of these micronutrients stabilizes blood glucose levels when combined with metformin. In conclusion, it is suggested that dietary composition should be an integral component of T2DM management for patients on metformin therapy
Nutrological therapy and control of inflammatory processes and metabolic disorders in patients with obesity: a systematic review
Full text linkIntroduction: Obesity establishes a long-term chronic imbalance between calorie intake and energy expenditure, which causes serious comorbidities. MicroRNAs stand out, which are a class of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression. Changes in their expression and functions have been associated with several diseases, including metabolic disorders and obesity. Enteral and parenteral nutrition therapy functions as an important regulator of microRNAs against inflammatory and metabolic processes. Objective: It was to carry out a systematic review of the main approaches to enteral and parenteral nutrition therapy in patients with obesity, to regulate the gene expression of microRNAs to mitigate inflammatory processes and metabolic disorders. Methods: The PRISMA Platform systematic review rules were followed. The search was carried out from August to September 2024 in the Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 117 articles were found. A total of 41 articles were evaluated in full and 30 were included in this systematic review. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 20 studies with a high risk of bias and 24 studies that did not meet GRADE. Most studies showed homogeneity in their results, with X2 =75.2% >50%. It was concluded that studies accumulate evidence that circulating miRNAs are associated with obesity. Some microRNAs have been implicated in the control of body weight gain, glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, and lipid metabolism. In this sense, enteral feeding is an effective and safe treatment before bariatric surgery, with ketogenic enteral nutrition leading to better clinical results than hypocaloric enteral nutritional protocols in glycemic and lipid profiles. A diverse range of nutritional interventions are effective in treating obesity and its comorbidities, mainly through nutrotherapy triggers on microRNAs
Nutrological management of meta-inflamation in patients with obesity: a systematic review
Full text linkIntroduction: Obesity stands out as a multifactorial disease that can cause several public health problems. There are more than 2.2 billion overweight and obese people in the world, and Brazil is in fifth place in the world ranking. A healthy nutritional status promotes immune function and can prevent the onset of a serious inflammatory process and severe infections. Objective: It was to highlight the main clinical considerations of nutritional and dietary regulation in obese patients with marked inflammatory processes and meta-inflammation through a systematic review. Methods: The systematic review rules of the PRISMA Platform were followed. The research was carried out from May to June 2025 in Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 127 articles were found. A total of 42 articles were fully evaluated and 29 were included and developed in the present systematic review study. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 32 studies at high risk of bias and 25 studies that did not meet the GRADE. Research has shown that unbalanced eating patterns, such as the Western diet, rich in simple sugars, refined carbohydrates, and saturated and trans fatty acids, lead to chronic inflammatory responses, increased adipose deposition, and future comorbidities associated with overweight and obesity. Calorie restriction decreased CRP in obese patients and diet administration over 12 weeks had a beneficial effect. Furthermore, obese patients with antioxidant supplementation had lower values of BMI, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose level, and assessment of the homeostasis model of insulin resistance when compared to the placebo group, as well as having lower levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, malondialdehyde and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. n-3 PUFA supplementation can significantly reduce serum C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) concentrations
Drug resistant bacteria and antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants
Full text linkThe overuse/misuse of antimicrobial drugs caused emergence of antibiotics resistance. The medical science is facing this very urgent issue as World Health Organization (WHO) description. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop new antibiotics used against resistant bacterial isolates. This has directed researchers to discover new phytochemicals from medicinal plants to act against drug resistant microbes. Therefore, to get more perspective on using of phytochemicals as alternative medications to combat the issue of antibiotic resistance, to understand the mechanisms of actions in killing and inhibiting the microbes, this medical study is made.
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Computational Analysis of Spirulina Compounds as Potential Dual Inhibitors of Alpha-Amylase and DPP-4 for Type 2 Diabetes Management
Full text linkBackground: Diabetes is a growing global health concern, necessitating innovative approaches for management and treatment. Globally, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has reached epidemic proportions, affecting over 500 million adults in 2021, with projections exceeding 780 million by 2050. The prevalence of T2DM is rising rapidly, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, driven by urbanization, sedentary lifestyles, and dietary changes. This growing burden poses a major public health challenge due to its strong association with cardiovascular disease, kidney failure, and increased mortality. Natural products, particularly plants and herbs, have shown promise in regulating blood glucose levels and improving insulin sensitivity. Spirulina, a blue-green cyanobacterium, has gained attention for its rich nutritional profile and potential health benefits, including possible antidiabetic effects. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the interaction between Spirulina's chemical compounds and key enzymes involved in type 2 diabetes using computational methods. Research Rationale: Despite some promising studies on Spirulina's antidiabetic effects, research remains scarce, and the mechanisms of action are not fully understood. Computational methods offer an efficient approach to predict potential drug candidates and explore molecular interactions. General Methods: The study employed molecular docking techniques to analyze the interactions between Spirulina compounds and two key enzymes in diabetes management: alpha-amylase and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). The 3D structures of molecules were obtained from PubChem and ChemSpider databases. Docking simulations were performed using Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) software. Results: Several Spirulina compounds showed higher binding affinities to alphaamylase and DPP-4 compared to reference ligands (established inhibitors). Notably, zeaxanthin, rhodopin, and 13-cis-beta-carotene exhibited strong interactions with both enzymes. The physicochemical properties of these compounds were analyzed using SwissADME, indicating their potential as orally administered drugs. Conclusions: This computational study suggests that certain compounds in Spirulina, particularly carotenoids, may have potential as alpha-amylase and DPP-4 inhibitors. These findings provide a foundation for further in-depth studies on Spirulina's role in diabetes management and highlight the potential of natural products in developing novel antidiabetic treatments.
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Major clinical outcomes and nutrological treatments of knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review
Full text linkIntroduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disease and is considered the rheumatic condition with the greatest socioeconomic consequences, especially knee osteoarthritis, as it hinders mobility. Currently, there is no cure for OA; therefore, available treatments aim to reduce symptoms such as pain and inflammation, maintain joint mobility, and limit loss of function. Because OA has a known inflammatory component, nutrition is believed to play a vital role in the prevention and ongoing management of OA. Objective: This article aims to analyze the available evidence on the prevention and treatment of knee OA, including dietary interventions that may play a potential role in disease management. Methods: The systematic review guidelines of the PRISMA Platform were followed. The search was conducted from January to March 2025 across Scopus, Embase, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. Study quality was assessed using the GRADE tool, and risk of bias was analyzed using the Cochrane tool. Results and Conclusion: 154 articles were recruited for the initial assessment. A total of 58 articles were evaluated, and 29 were included in this systematic review. Using the Cochrane risk of bias tool, the overall assessment resulted in 42 studies with a high risk of bias and 24 studies that did not meet the GRADE criteria. Most studies presented homogeneous results, with X2 =69.7% > 50%. The results showed that some nutrients, vitamins, and antioxidants are widely discussed in the literature for the treatment and prevention of the disease. Free radical management is necessary, and the influence of nutrients and diet on cartilage metabolism and OA may represent a long-term adjuvant alternative in the treatment of patients with knee OA. The effects of dietary modifications on lipid and cholesterol profiles, adequate vitamin levels, and weight reduction in obese patients may influence the course of the disease