International Journal of Nutrology
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Manejo da obesidade infanto-juvenil
Get PDFThe issue addressed here was presented at the Parallel Symposium: “Clinical management of obesity and NAFLD in children“, coordinated by: Anil Dhawan (UK) and Mary Fewtrell (UK). Here are presented some aspects highlighted in the presentation of Cristina Campoy (Granada, Spain), entitled “Nonsurgical Management of childhood obesity.
Potencial hidrogeniônico da água e sua influência no organismo humano: um artigo de revisão
Get PDFIntroduction: There is an widespread concept that the pH of food is directly related to the onset and progression of chronic diseases such as osteoporosis, cancer, cardiovascular diseases among others, and acidic pH waters would also contribute to this scenario. Objectives: To systematize the scientific knowledge produced about the hydrogen-ionic potential of water and its relationship with the functioning of the human organism. Methods: Review of Medline / Pubmed and Environmental Engineering Abstracts (Proquest) between April and May 2018. The following descriptors were used: water acidity, water alkalinity, physicochemical characteristics of water, alkaline water, acid water. Articles published in Portuguese and English were included. Conclusions: The health benefits claimed for alkaline water are not directly related to the pH of the water, but to its high bicarbonate content, above 2 g per liter. However, the relative differences of the populations studied and the content of interventions make it difficult to generalize the results obtained
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Primary School Teachers on Nutrition and Food
Get PDFIntrodution: The teacher's formation is a paramount condition for the education in health. Objective: To develop a questionnaire and assess knowledge, attitudes and practices of early years school teachers. Methodology: a questionnaire about nutrition and feeding was applied. The subjects were teachers from pre-school to 5th grade of Elementary School. Results: There were 288 teachers in the survey. They were all in favor of the promotion of a healthy feeding in school. The source of information mostly used was the textbook. 76% thought they had good knowledge about a healthy diet. The average number of positive/correct answers was 21 (48%). Conclusions: The knowledge about nutrition and feeding were insufficient and the general performance in the questionnaire was low. Actions that aim at qualifying the teachers are urgent, so that they can develop the necessary tools to promote a healthy feeding in schools
Resultados da orientação à prática de atividade física em crianças e adolescentes obesos
Get PDFIntroduction: Methods for treating children and adolescents with excess weight, including the practice of physical activity (PA), have been broadly studied. However, a program of PA that may be practiced at home and applied in the environment of the public health system is unprecedented. Objective: To evaluate the level of PA of children and adolescents with excess weight and its association with their body mass index (BMI)Z-score according to the criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO), weight Z-score, fat-free-mass (FFM), fatty-mass (FM), and basal metabolic rate (BMR), calculated by using the Schaefer formula for the pediatric population. Method: A total of 15 girls and 12 boys with a mean age of 11.29 ± 1.92 years old and a BMI percentile > 98 were followed-up for 1 year. Bioelectric impedance (BI) was performed to measure FFM, FM and BMR. The BMI Z-score was calculated, as well as the weight Z-score, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was applied to measure the level of PA. Results: It was found that children and adolescents are able to perform a routine of physical activity practice at home following monthly instruction sessions. Improvement in the weight z-score was verified in 59.3% of the patients, 77.8% of pacients had improvement in the BMI z-score, BMR and FFM was improved for 96% of the patients and 33% of the population had decreased FM for the period of 12 months. No improvement was found in the reduction of the amount of sedentary time to less the two hours a day in most of the population. Conclusion: Children and adolescents, once stimulated, managed to improve their levels of physical activity and changed their body composition. Therefore, PA, even when isolated, cooperates positively in the management of excess weight in children and adolescents
Nutroterapia na porfiria aguda intermitente: Da UTI ao ambulatório
Get PDFAcute intermittent porphyria is a rare genetic disease, autosomal dominant, with variable penetrance, which causes error in the heme metabolism pathway of the liver, with accumulation of intermediate metabolites that are toxic to the body. It is manifested by crisis with multisystem symptoms, and diagnosis is often difficult. The main findings are severe abdominal pain, polyneuropathy, autonomic dysfunction, and neuropsychiatric disorders. It ranges from mild to very severe with malignant arrhythmia and bulbar paralysis with respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation and admission to the intensive care unit. The diagnosis is confirmed biochemistry and genetics. Treatment of the crisis is done away from precipitating factors and specifically with a diet rich in carbohydrates and hematin, with positive effect on the heme biosynthetic pathway. Within the multidisciplinary team, it must be highlighted the role of the nutrition specialist doctor, who evaluates and guides the nutrition therapy, both in crises and in the clinical monitoring of these patients
Future Food: Sustainable Diets for Healthy People and a Healthy Planet
Get PDFThe current food system is associated with poor health outcomes, food insecurity, and significant environmental damage. While, globally, more than enough food calories are produced than theoretically needed, this does not guaranty a good quality diet for all. At the same time, the environmental pressures of the current food system threaten several planetary boundaries, which define the environmental limits within which humans can safely operate. This narrative review gives a brief overview of the shortcomings of the current food system regarding its impact on nutrition, health, and the environment. It outlines recent advancements in the development of guidelines for a healthy and sustainable diet and discusses options on how to realize such a dietary transformation, involving all stakeholders in the food value chain
Self-image disorders and susceptibility for the development of eating disorders in medicine academics: a cross-sectional observational study
Get PDFIntroduction: when talking about eating disorders (ED), reflects a lot on how it affects young people and, currently, it is known that the most varied types of ED are quite prevalent in the university environment, with medical students being part of this groups that are significantly exposed to the onset of ED. The development of these disorders is commonly associated with self-image disorders, while body dissatisfaction is precisely one of the diagnostic criteria for ED. Objective: identify the prevalence of body dissatisfaction among medical students and how it affects the susceptibility to the development of eating disorders, relating this information to the impact of the pandemic and the gender of the participants. Methods: a cross-sectional observational study, with a quality-quantitative data approach. The research was carried out with medical students of both sexes, over 18 years old, through the application of an online questionnaire, which allowed the sample to be characterized in terms of sociodemographic and anthropometric aspects. In addition, the occurrence of self-image disorders was evaluated through the Kakeshita Silhouette Scale and the risk of developing ED through the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT 26). For statistical analysis, differences in EAT scores between categories were assessed using the Independent T-Test and the proportion of participants with self-image disorder was compared using Fisher's exact test. Results: 268 participants were included in the research, with a mean age of 21.23 years (standard deviation = 2.47), with 216 female participants (80.6%) and 52 male participants (19.4%). The body mass and height were self-reported by the students to calculate the body mass index (BMI), whose mean value was 23.57 (standard deviation = 4.79), showing that 27.6% of the participants are above the weight or obesity (BMI > 25) and 4.85% with low weight (BMI < 18.5). The present study showed a positive correlation between self-image disorders and eating disorders (p = 0.0002), regardless of the individual's gender. For the variables evaluated, there was no significant difference between genders (p = 0). Furthermore, the current COVID-19 pandemic is not an influential factor in the increase in self-image disorders among participants. Conclusion: through the study, it became evident that students who have self-image disorders have a higher risk of developing eating disorders. In addition, a significant part of the participants is dissatisfied with their bodies, regardless of gender or the impacts brought about by the pandemic
Nutrological control and treatment of melasma in the COVID-19 pandemic: a concise systematic review
Get PDFIntroduction: In the skin disease scenario, hyperpigmentation (melasma) is present in about 14.5%-56% of pregnant women and 11.3%-46% of people taking oral contraceptives worldwide. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought great challenges to the treatment of melasma, as well as doubts about its worsening. Diet and nutrients for topical or oral use play an important role in the control of infectious diseases. Objective: It was to perform a concise systematic review on the occurrence, worsening, and nutrological treatment of melasma in the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The present study followed a systematic review model (PRISMA). After literary search criteria using MeSH Terms, a total of 98 clinical studies were compared and submitted to eligibility analysis and, after that, 70 studies were selected. The search strategy was carried out in the databases PubMed, Embase, Ovid and Cochrane Library, Web Of Science, ScienceDirect Journals (Elsevier), Scopus (Elsevier), OneFile. Results and Conclusion: Melasma is an acquired hyperpigmentation disorder, and reactive oxygen species play an important role in the regulation of melanin synthesis. In nutrological terms, lycopene is one of the most effective oxygen neutralizers among tomato-derived carotenoids. Furthermore, hydroquinone is a compound that has been used for the treatment of hyperpigmentation by tyrosinase inhibition mechanism and can be found in wheat. Thus, an adequate knowledge of the role of nutritional supplements in dermatological diseases can be a useful tool. Based on this, there is growing interest in oral medications and dietary supplements to improve melasma. Oral medications and dietary supplements evaluated include tranexamic acid, Polypodium leucotomos extract, beta-carotenoid, melatonin, and procyanidin. Also, hydrolyzed collagen is a low molecular weight protein that has been widely used and can prevent melasma. Serum zinc levels can also predict the occurrence of melasma. Finally, there is still no report on skin darkening associated with COVID-19
Nutrology and type 2 diabetes: Nutrient pathophysiology and the transition from health to disease
Get PDFFrom a Nutrology point of view, type 2 diabetes is a multi-factorial form of clinical “malnutrition” resulting from the intake of an imbalanced diet in combination with adverse environmental conditions and in the presence of predisposing genetic factors. In this review article, we present evidence of a close association between clinical obesity in a specific genetic background as the pillars of the process underlying the development of type 2 diabetes. We review the basics of the energy balance and the role of fat storage and body distribution in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. We describe some molecular aspects of nutrients under normal physiology and during the metabolic and hormonal abnormalities that accompany type 2 diabetes. We conclude with a brief discussion of the principles behind popular dietary recommendations aimed at preventing the full development of diabetes mellitus and its complications
Tempo de jejum e uso de nutroterapia em pacientes pediátricos com choque séptico
Get PDFIntroduction: Septic shock is a late stage of infection, manifested by intense organic imbalance, with high mortality rates. The systemic inflammation affects the nutritional support. Objectives: To assess nutritional status, fasting, use and type of nutritional therapy and the relationship of these variables with the risk of death in children with septic shock. Methods: We included 111 pediatric patients admitted to the PICU of HMIB diagnosed with septic shock, from 1998 to 2007. We described the sample profile and performed statistical analysis to assess mortality risk. Results: Hospitalizations for septic shock corresponded to 3.7% of all admissions for the period. The population was composed mostly of infants under 1 year of age with a high prevalence of malnutrition. Lack of enteral nutrition was identified as a predictor of death (OR 22.142). Conclusion: It is recommended to nourish early as possible, favoring the enteral route when feasible.
Introdução: O choque séptico é um estágio final do processo infeccioso, que se manifesta por intenso desequilíbrio orgânico, com taxas elevadas de mortalidade. A inflamação sistêmica interfere no suporte nutricional. Objetivos: Verificar estado nutricional, período de jejum, uso e tipo de terapia nutrológica e a relação destas variáveis com o risco de óbito dos pacientes com quadro de choque séptico pediátrico. Métodos: Foram incluídos 111 pacientes pediátricos internados na UTIP do HMIB com diagnóstico de choque séptico, de 1998 a 2007. Foi descrito o perfil da amostra e feita análise estatística a fim de avaliar risco de óbito. Resultados: As internações por choque séptico corresponderam a 3,7% de todas as admissões do período. A população foi composta em sua maioria por lactentes, menores de 1 ano de idade, com elevada prevalência de desnutrição. Ausência de uso de nutrição enteral (OR 22,142) foi identificada como preditor de óbito. Conclusão: Recomenda-se nutrir tão precocemente seja possível, privilegiando a via enteral quando viável