International Journal of Nutrology
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Peso materno em gestantes de baixo risco na atenção pré-natal
Get PDFObjectives: To evaluate the nutritional status of low-risk pregnant women during prenatal, characterize the sociodemographic profile and quantify the patients with inadequate weight. Methods: Observational, prospective in low-risk pregnant women in Aracaju health centers, Sergipe, from March to June 2014. The evaluation followed the nutritional standards recommended by the Ministry of Health (MOH) and was conducted in three consultations consecutive, where the body mass index (BMI) was calculated by the researcher. Socioeconomic and gestational data of the patients were placed on a special form. Statistical analysis was performed using the EPI-INFO software, made distribution tables of frequencies and performed association testing variables. Results: 188 pregnant women were selected, of these 150 were eligible. The average age was 26 years, with standard deviation of 6.53. The average pre-pregnancy weight was 56.3 kg (± 20.8), average weights in the first, second and third reviews were 65.17 kg (± 12.8), 67.56 kg (± 12.9 ) and 69.97 kg (± 12.6), respectively. The pregnant woman’s card filling was incomplete in 63% of cases. In the pre-pregnancy period, 14% were malnourished and 14% obese. A significant association between BMI identified in the consultations and the inadequacy of pre-pregnancy BMI (p <0.01). Conclusions: Most of the women had BMI changed during the evaluations. Prenatal card filling proved inadequate, but there was no association with BMI during pregnancy. The factor related to pregnancy BMI change was the pre-pregnancy BMI inappropriate
O benefício da terapia nutrológica parenteral intradialítica
Get PDFProtein-calorie malnutrition affects 20 to 70% of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) in hemodialysis treatment (HD), contributing to the high morbidity and mortality rates. The intradialytic parenteral nutrition (IPN) is a therapeutic option for the improvement of nutritional status. Objective: To review the role of intradialytic parenteral nutrition (NPID) as a form of nutritional supplementation for patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis. Conclusion: Malnutrition is common in chronic renal failure patients on hemodialysis and negatively affects prognosis. Most of these patients have low energy and protein in the diet, thus, specific nutritional supplements for kidney disease are needed to meet the energy requirements and protein. The NPID seems to be favorable for long-term improvement of the HD patient’s nutritional status, showing effective in reversing the protein hypercatabolism and increased energy expenditure that occurs during HD. However, it is worth mentioning that NPID presents higher cost to oral nutritional therapy and enteral. Thus, the cost-effectiveness of this access route should be further investigated
Doença celíaca e introdução do glúten na dieta infantil: avaliação dos riscos e benefícios
Get PDFCeliac disease (CD) is a systemic disease, immune-mediated, caused by the ingestion of gluten. The risk of induction of celiac disease through infant diet containing gluten, applies solely to genetically susceptible individuals, i.e. those having at least one risk allele for this disease. Given we do not usually know if the child fits this criteria, at the time of introduction of cereal in the baby food, the recommendations regarding the risks and benefits of introduction of gluten in baby’s nutrition applies to all of infants. In 2008, the Committee on Nutrition of the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) recommended that the introduction of gluten in the infant diet before 4 months and after 7 months of age should be avoided and that the introduction of gluten should happen during breastfeeding. However, new evidences found by ESPGHAN contradict those previous recommendations. While breastfeeding should be encouraged due to other great benefits, neither breastfeeding nor the introduction of gluten during breastfeeding seems to lower the risk of CD in childhood. Gluten can be introduced in infant diet between 4 and 12 months old. Data from observational studies indicate an association between the quantity of gluten ingested and the risk of celiac disease. Large amounts of gluten consumption should be avoided in the first few weeks, after introduction of gluten into the diet as well as during childhood. The optimal amount, however, has not been established
Vitamina D tem influência nos implantes dentários?
Get PDFD Vitamin (calciferol) presents an important role in bone metabolism (turnover) and maintenance of calcium and phosphorus levels in blood. The main source of production is sun-stimulated skin. However, characteristics of modern life, such as fear of dermatological damage and use of protective agents, have hindered/reduced sun exposure. In this way, adequate synthesis of this vitamin is impaired, which can affect negatively the clinical success of dental implants. This study aimed to describe the importance of D vitamin and the effect of its deficiency on systemic health and repercussion in dental implants. An electronic search was made in the Scielo, Pubmed and Scopus databases using the descriptors: “deficiency and vitamin D and dental implants”. 13 articles were selected for review and data analysis. Lack or deficiency of D vitamin promoted different alterations such as mild hypocalcaemia, loss of trabecular bone, and severe bone, muscle, immune and metabolic disorders. In case of suspected D vitamin deficiency, patient should be referred to a physician and nutritionist. The existence of possible hypovitaminosis and indication of appropriate therapeutic approach is very important. The studies in vitro and in animals demonstrate the effects of deficiency or effect of vitamin D supplementation on bone metabolism around dental implants. Already the human studies feature great heterogeneity, no link was found between low serum vitamin D levels with an increased risk of early implant loss. Therefore, further research, including longitudinal clinical investigations and systematic reviews, is necessary to better elucidate mechanisms of D vitamin in processes of bone metabolism and osseointegration supporting dentists, physician and nutritionists when in contact with patients who use or will use dental implants
Brazilian Association of Nutrology Consensus Recommendations for the Use of Probiotics
Get PDFERRATA/CORRECTED BY: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1710399
Conceptually, dysbiosis can be defined as any undesirable change in the composition of the intestinal microbiota resulting in imbalance between beneficial and pathogenic bacteria. It may be associated with various diseases affecting the gut, as well as multifactorial causes such as poor lifestyle, imbalanced diet and stress. The treatment of dysbiosis comprises two lines. The first one is dietary, through the ingestion of foods that benefit the constitution of the gut microbiota. The other one is through drugs. Dietary prebiotics, especially bifidobacteria, aim to modify the composition of the intestinal ecosystem through nutritional changes. In addition, diet therapy for the prevention and treatment of dysbiosis requires dietary reeducation, avoiding excess carbohydrate intake. To ensure a continuous effect, probiotic intake, when indicated, should be daily. There are reports in the literature of favorable changes in the gut microbiota with doses of 100 g of food product with 108 to 109 colony forming units (CFU) of probiotic microorganisms (107 to 106 CFU/g product) if administered for 15 days. Bacteria belonging to genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are most often employed as probiotic food supplements because they are isolated from all portions of the healthy human gastrointestinal tract. Products containing probiotics, whether drugs or dietary supplements, must be registered and approved by Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (Anvisa) and meet specific and stringent rules to prove safety and efficacy
Noninvasive Self-monitoring of Blood Glucose at Your Fingertips, Literally!: Smartphone-Based Photoplethysmography
Get PDFDiabetes is a chronic disease and one of the major public health problems worldwide. It is a multifactorial disease, caused by genetic factors and lifestyle habits. Brazil had ∼ 16.8 million individuals living with diabetes in 2019 and is expected to reach 26 million people by 2045. There are global increasing needs for the development of noninvasive diagnostic methods and use of mobile health, mainly in face of the pandemic caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). For daily glycemic control, diabetic patients use a portable glucometer for glycemic self-monitoring and need to prick their fingertips three or more times a day, generating a huge discomfort throughout their lives. Our goal here is to present a review with very recent emerging studies in the field of noninvasive diagnosis and to emphasize that smartphone-based photoplethysmography (spPPG), powered by artificial intelligence, might be a trend to self-monitor blood glucose levels. In photoplethysmography, a light source travels through the tissue, interacts with the interstitium and with cells and molecules present in the blood. Reflection of light occurs as it passes through the biological tissues and a photodetector can capture these interactions. When using a smartphone, the built-in flashlight is a white light-emitting LED and the camera works as a photodetector. The higher the concentration of circulating glucose, the greater the absorbance and, consequently, the lesser the reflected light intensity will be. Due to these optical phenomena, the signal intensity captured will be inversely proportional to the blood glucose level. Furthermore, we highlight the microvascular changes in the progression of diabetes that can interfere in the signals captured by the photodetector using spPPG, due to the decrease of peripheral blood perfusion, which can be confused with high blood glucose levels. It is necessary to create strategies to filter or reduce the impact of these vascular changes in the blood glucose level analysis. Deep learning strategies can help the machine to solve these challenges, allowing an accurate blood glucose level and interstitial glucose prediction
Importantes aspectos da Nutrologia e suas aplicações nos pacientes oncológicos
Get PDFGlobal estimates show that the incidence of cancer all over the world has been increasing and, consequently, the mortality related to this diagnosis. Several cancer-related risk factors have been identified, such as smoking, overweight, western diets and physical inactivity. Robust scientific evidence shows that most cancers can be prevented with behavioral measures. Despite extensive knowledge of cancer-related modifiable risk factors, the implementation of prevention measures is still incipient. Interventions aiming at weight control, diet customization and physical activity stimulation can improve the quality of life and some outcomes related to cancer and its treatment. The present article aims to review the impacts of these variables on the diagnosis, treatment and mortality of cancer patients. In addition, it discusses the main recommendations of the specific nutritional aspects of this population
Parenteral nutrition: how to prescribe your inputs
Get PDFParenteral nutrition (PN) is a vital therapeutic modality for a specific group of patients in need of nutritional support. The proper use of this complex therapy is capable of maximizing its clinical benefits, minimizing the potential risks of adverse events. In certain situations, the clinical lability in which the patient finds himself requires the prescription of customized parenteral formulas. Due to the number of components used in these solutions, the possibilities of Physico-chemical incompatibilities are common and represent a serious problem. For this, prescribers must be familiar with its composition process in order to guarantee a safe formula for infusion. The objective of this work is to present the various inputs (amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, trace elements, electrolytes, and drugs) commonly prescribed in PN formulas, as well as their possibilities of interaction for the formation of precipitates. The concept of osmolarity and its relationship with infusion sites (central or peripheral) will also be addressed. However, an excellent understanding of the different types of inputs used in PN formulas, and also of their physical-chemical interactions capabilities, associated with good clinical judgment in the individualization of these solutions, has reduced sources of errors and ensured greater safety and quality in this type. of intervention to patients
Regenerative nutrition and gut microbiota signaling in skeletal muscle metabolism: a concise systematic review
Get PDFIntroduction: Recent progress has been made to gut microbiota, regenerative nutrition and skeletal muscle metabolism. In this context, regular physical training associated with nutrological health has broad benefits for the health of the intestinal microbiota. The triad physical exercise, nutrition and intestinal microbiota for the process of muscle regeneration, adult stem cells stand out as gut stem cells. Objective: the present study aimed to carry out a systematic review on the main cellular and molecular aspects of regenerative nutrition in the modulation of the intestinal microbiota and the metabolism of skeletal muscle. Methods: The rules of the Systematic Review-PRISMA Platform. The research was carried out from June 2021 to January 2022 and developed based on Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 215 studies were analyzed, with only 32 medium and high-quality studies selected, according to the rules of the GRADE, and with bias risks that do not compromise scientific development, based on the Cochrane instrument. A current focus in the field of sport and metabolism is the investigation of how specific metabolites and nutrients affect the progression and treatment of muscle injuries. Nutrients can also regulate normal homeostatic processes, altering the decisions of muscle stem cells and satellites. Thus, the implications for understanding how diet influences cellular transitions are immense and will guide precision-based nutrition to improve overall health and therapeutic strategies for muscle injuries. Thus, metabolic pathways and chromatin modifications are closely linked, and hence many changes in metabolism influence epigenetic changes and alter gene expression. For example, signaling pathways including mTORC, AMPK, MAPK, and others are all sensitive to changes in nutrient levels
Cereais integrais na alimentação infantil
Get PDFThis article discusses the basics about whole grains and describes the health benefits recognized by the science associated with their consumption. It also presents information on dietary sources, labeling and content of whole grains in foods