International Journal of Nutrology
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Sleep and its importance in sport: a concise systematic review
Get PDFThe present work addressed the nuances of sleep and its importance in the athlete's life. Another point of great value that will also be addressed in this research is the functions of sleep in the human body and how its deprivation can cause various harms. Although there are numerous reasons for developing direct sleep deprivation, sleep is of fundamental importance for the functioning of the human body and its phases will be studied and detailed in this article. Despite the passing of time and modernity that has made human life more hectic and some of the healthy habits forgotten, this study demonstrated how sleep has broader functions than just rest. The problem of the research was the direct connection between sleep and the performance of athletes. The methodologies used were explanatory and qualitative research
Evidence from clinical studies of the nutrological modulation of the gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel diseases: a systematic review
Get PDFIntroduction: The main risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a positive family history in 10-25% of patients. Crohn's disease (CD) can affect individuals from 15 to 40 years old and from 50 to 80 years old, more frequently in women. Ulcerative colitis (UC) can start at any age. The pathogenesis of IBD is linked to genetically susceptible individuals, dysregulated gut microbiota (dysbiosis), chronic inflammation, and poor dietary patterns. Diet plays an important role in modulating the gut microbiota and can be applied as a therapeutic tool to improve the course of the disease. Objective: To carry out a systematic review of the main interactions between dietary therapy, gut microbiota, and inflammatory bowel disease, to elucidate the main clinical outcomes after nutrological treatment. Methods: The present study followed the international model of systematic review (PRISMA). Clinical studies were included, involving randomized controlled, prospective, and retrospective studies published from 2010 to 2022. Results: It was founded 87 studies on diet modulation in the control of IBD. These studies showed reductions in persistent intestinal symptoms, improvement of gut microbiota, reduction of inflammation markers, and improvement in quality of life, with p<0.05 (95% CI). The studies were homogeneous (X2 = 98.9%), which increases the reliability of the clinical results on the dietary importance in the modulation of IBD. Conclusion: The important role of diet modulation in the control and even in the remission of IBD was evidenced
Prevalence of food allergies in students of a medicine course: a prospective observational cross-sectional cohort study
Get PDFFood allergy can be defined as an adverse reaction to a food antigen mediated by fundamentally immunological mechanisms. It is a nutritional problem that has grown in recent decades, probably due to the greater exposure of the population to a greater number of available food allergens. It is becoming a worldwide health problem, associated with a significant negative impact on quality of life. Therefore, the assessment of the prevalence of food allergies in medical students in UNIFIPA is to identify the foods with the highest incidence of allergy and their clinical manifestations
Major metabolic and metabolomic aspects of nutrition in the gut microbiota and sports performance: a systematic review
Get PDFIntroduction: In the context of sports performance, nutrition has been used to improve the health of the brain, bones, muscles, and cardiovascular system of athletes. However, recent research suggests that the gut microbiota (GM) may also play a role in athlete health and performance. Objective: It was to carry out a systematic review of the main clinical findings, involving the metabolic and metabolomic aspects, of the relationship between gut microbiota and sports performance under control and nutrological modulation. Methods: The systematic review rules of the PRISMA Platform were followed. The research was carried out from January to March 2023 in Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 328 articles were found, and 132 articles were evaluated in full and 108 were included and developed in this systematic review study. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 52 studies with a high risk of bias and 74 studies that did not meet GRADE. It was concluded that athletes must feed, train and utilize the entire supraorganism, including the GM, implementing gut-centered dietary strategies to achieve optimal performance. Current evidence suggests that the GM may contribute to sports performance through the production of dietary metabolites (short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids), influence on gastrointestinal physiology (e.g. nutrient absorption), and immune modulation (inhibition of pathogens). Dietary strategies common in athletes, such as a high intake of protein and simple carbohydrates and a low intake of nondigestible carbohydrates, may adversely affect the GM and predispose athletes to gastrointestinal problems and thus impair performance. However, adequate dietary fiber intake, a variety of protein sources, and an emphasis on unsaturated fats, especially ɷ-3 fatty acids, as well as supplementation with pre, pro, and synbiotics, have shown promising results in optimizing the health of the athletes and their GM with potential beneficial effects on performance
Effects of cannabidiol on metabolic modulation and improving sports performance: a systematic review
Get PDFIntroduction: In the sports scenario, cannabidiol (CBD) is a phytocannabinoid that has been accumulating important scientific evidence in various metabolic and metabolomic effects. Δ9 tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) may be responsible for some adverse effects on sports performance and this makes cannabis unattractive for athletes. Extracellular vesicles (exosomes and microRNAs) induced by exercise emerged as potential mediators of tissue crosstalk. Objective: It was to carry out a systematic review study to highlight the main outcomes of cannabidiol in metabolic modulation and microRNA signaling in increasing sports performance. Methods: The systematic review rules of the PRISMA Platform were followed. The research was carried out from March to May 2023 in Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 127 articles were found. A total of 87 articles were evaluated in full and 62 were included and developed in this systematic review study. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 5 studies with a high risk of bias and 11 studies that did not meet GRADE. It has been shown that cannabidiol exerts some physiological, biochemical, and psychological effects with the potential to benefit athletes. For example, there is preliminary supporting evidence for the anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, analgesic, and anxiolytic actions of cannabidiol and the possibility that it may protect against gastrointestinal damage associated with inflammation and promote healing of traumatic skeletal injuries. However, it is important to recognize that these findings are very preliminary, sometimes inconsistent, and largely derived from preclinical studies. These studies are limited in their generalizability to athletes and often administer high doses of cannabidiol. The central observation is that there is a lack of studies that directly investigate cannabidiol and sports performance. Furthermore, we identified a specific repertoire of microRNAs that are regulated by cannabinoids, at rest (vigilant), and in microglia activated by lipopolysaccharides. Modulated microRNAs and their target genes are controlled by TLR, Nrf2, and Notch cross-signaling and are involved in the immune response, cell cycle regulation, as well as cellular stress and redox homeostasis
Major approaches and clinical studies of the relationship of inflammatory bowel diseases with nutrients, gut microbiota, and exosomes/microRNAs: a systematic review
Get PDFIntroduction: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are multifactorial diseases characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Nutrients, gut microbiota, exosomes, and microRNAs play crucial roles in the pathophysiology of IBD. Objective: It was to carry out a systematic review of the main approaches and clinical studies on the relationship between inflammatory bowel diseases and nutrients, intestinal microbiota, and exosomes/microRNAs. Methods: The PRISMA Platform systematic review rules were followed. The search was carried out from August to September 2023 in the Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 177 articles were found, and 58 articles were evaluated in full, and 30 were included and developed in the present systematic review study. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 06 studies with a high risk of bias and 25 studies that did not meet GRADE and AMSTAR-2. Most studies showed homogeneity in their results, with X2=67.7%>50%. It was concluded that inflammatory bowel diseases are associated with various gastrointestinal symptoms and, therefore, affect patients' quality of life. Although intestinal bacteria and the host's immune response are considered important factors in its pathogenesis, a sufficient explanation of their role in its pathophysiological mechanism has not been presented. Exosomes and microRNAs, together with nutrients and gut microbiota, participate in the molecular interactions of inflammatory bowel diseases. Recent studies have confirmed the important role of miRNAs in targeting certain molecules in signaling pathways that regulate intestinal barrier homeostasis, inflammatory reactions, and autophagy of the intestinal epithelium. Several studies have identified specific miRNAs associated with inflammatory bowel diseases in colon tissues. The correlation between the gut microbiota and cytokines suggests that exosomes and microRNAs can modulate intestinal immunity by influencing the gut microbiota
Management of weight loss in a patient with Prader-Willi syndrome with satietogenics: a case report
Get PDFObjective: To report the evolution and therapeutic approach in a patient with PraderWilli Syndrome (PWS) associated with literature data assessment with a focus on the pharmacological treatment of obesity in patients with this pathology, since there are currently not many studies that contribute or name a strategy with the use of satietogenics. Methods: The present study was elaborated according to the rules of CARE case report. Due to the cognitive impairment present in the syndrome, the patient’s mother was first contacted about the writing of this paper and was given consent through the signing of the Free and Informed Assent Term for this paper. The patient was treated at a hospital-adjacent Nutrology outpatient clinic in 2019. Case Description: YSP, 20 years old, diagnosed with PWS and Grade III obesity (initial BMI of 55.4kg/m², 140kg) attended the Nutrology outpatient clinic of Adriano Jorge Hospital Foundation – FHAJ in 2019 under referral from a third party, and his companion (relative) reporting hyperphagia and poor school performance, initially without a nutrition plan, during follow-up, nutritional guidance and multi-professional care have been initiated. Results: During the follow-up of the years 2019-2021, resulting from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Brazil and the consequent confinement, the patient presented worsening anxiety and hyperphagia, evolving with increased binge eating and discontinuation of physical activities and diet adherence. During the follow-up in the same period, there were 03 returns denoting weight maintenance, later (2021) the use of on-label (Sibutramine), off-label (Fluoxetine), and Metformin medications were associated with the therapeutic regimen for obesity, due to evidence of insulin resistance. Final considerations: The patient evolved with progressive weight loss and better adherence to the food plan and physical activities
Colostro bovino e suas aplicações na saúde humana: uma revisão narrativa
Get PDFIntrodução: o colostro bovino é a secreção produzida pela glândula mamária da vaca nos primeiros dias após o parto. Trata-se de um alimento rico em proteínas, lipídios, além de enzimas, vitaminas, minerais, fatores de crescimento, oligossacarídeos, nucleotídeos e citocinas. Objetivo: Foi revisar a literatura em relação aos benefícios do consumo de colostro bovino para a saúde humana. Métodos: Revisão narrativa, conduzida por meio de busca nas bases de dados Pubmed, Medline, Scielo, Cochrane, Lilacs e Crossref, usando como palavra-chave “colostro bovino”. Resultados: foram encontrados estudos que envolvem potenciais benefícios para imunidade, desempenhos físico e muscular e saúde gastrointestinal. Conclusão: O colostro bovino é um produto alimentar e nutricional. Seu uso pode ser feito diretamente como alimento ou como componente de alguns alimentos, mas, atualmente, tem sido mais utilizado como suplemento. Os conhecimentos científicos relativos à segurança de uso e também aos benefícios à saúde de seus componentes, individuais ou associados, têm se acumulado nos últimos anos, permitindo graus crescentes de evidências que podem embasar sua utilização clínica
Major approaches to cannabidiol in the treatment of binge eating and obesity: a systematic review
Get PDFIntroduction: Obesity represents a multifactorial disease that causes serious public health problems. There are more than 2.50 billion overweight and obese people in the world, and Brazil is in fifth place in the world ranking. In this context, a factor associated with eating disorders is anxiety, which affects 33.7% of the general population. In this sense, cannabidiol (CBD) was identified 50 years ago and has effects that can change mood, sensation, perception, tension, appetite, and pain. Also, CBD showed anxiolytic, antipsychotic, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antiemetic properties. Objective: It was to analyze, through a systematic review, the main considerations and results in animal and human models of the use of cannabidiol in anxiety and obesity. Methods: The model followed for the systematic review was PRISMA. The search strategy was performed in PubMed, Embase, Ovid and Cochrane Library, Web Of Science, Science Direct Journals (Elsevier), Scopus (Elsevier), and OneFile (Gale) databases. Results: In the context of anxiety and binge eating and the consequent increase in the incidence of obese people, the activation of CB1 receptors improves feeding, modulating the activity of hypothalamic neurons and, subsequently, the release of orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptides. Thus, in obesity, the endocannabinoid system (ECS) is generally down-regulated in central and peripheral tissues, as indicated by high and/or overexpression of the CB1 receptor. Therefore, CBD is beneficial for anxiety-related disorders. Thus, CBD has been shown to have anxiolytic, antipsychotic, and neuroprotective properties. Conclusion: Growing evidence indicates that CBD acts as an antipsychotic and anxiolytic, and several reports suggest neuroprotective effects. Furthermore, CBD attenuates the harmful effects of trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, both acutely and chronically, including psychotogenic, anxiogenic, and deleterious cognitive effects. This suggests that CBD may improve the disease trajectory of individuals with early psychosis and cannabis misuse in particular
Obesity: a view on treatment: a descriptive observational cross-sectional study
Get PDFObesity is a disease stigmatized by society in general. Many tend not to consider it a disease, which makes it difficult to treat and worsens the pandemic generated by this condition. Considering the seriousness with which health professionals must face this problem, a form was applied to 511 Brazilian academic medical students, to understand how these students see this disease and how to treat it. The results showed that there is a tendency for incoming students to opt for diet therapy associated with physical exercises, while students further on consider the use of drugs associated with diet therapy and physical exercises the best strategy. This shows the importance of medical schools providing solid information about obesity and its treatment, showing that in certain cases it is not enough for the patient to follow a diet and exercise. This change in the view of health professionals, therefore, would be a way to fight the pandemic in question