International Journal of Nutrology
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Insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome as a risk factor for Alzheimer's Disease: systematic literature review
Get PDFIntroduction: It is estimated that worldwide, 65.7 million people will live with the disease in 2030, with Alzheimer's disease being the most prevalent in the world, accounting for 60% of dementia cases. The hypothesis was then raised that through the neuroprotective effect of insulin and insulin resistance in the genesis of Metabolic Syndrome, the hypothetical relationship is made that metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Objective: The literature that verifies the impact of vitamin D deficiency on the quality of life of individuals undergoing bariatric surgery was reviewed. Methods: The search strategy was carried out in the virtual databases PubMed, Scielo, LILACS, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, in addition to gray literature such as Google Scholar, OpenGrey, Ibict/BDTD (Brazilian digital library of theses and dissertations) and ProQuest using the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) descriptors with the Boolean logical operators AND, OR and NOT. The studies considered eligible were those that presented metabolic syndrome as a risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease. Results: The online search found 216 studies in virtual bibliographic databases and 70 in gray literature. After removing duplicates, 282 articles remained and were read the title and abstract, with 25 articles chosen for full-text reading, leaving 13 that met the inclusion criteria. Most of the studies included corroborated the hypothesis that metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Even the two studies that provide some results in which BMI showed a slower decline in cognitive function, stated that the phenotype studied was that of metabolically healthy obese individuals. Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed the idea that there is an interaction between metabolic health and brain health. First, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress associated with metabolic syndrome can cause damage to blood vessels, compromising cerebral blood flow and impairing the supply of essential nutrients to the brain. Additionally, insulin resistance, one of the key components of metabolic syndrome, can hurt brain function by interfering with the absorption of glucose, a vital fuel for the brain. Finally, how changes in blood lipid levels can contribute to the accumulation of beta-amyloid protein plaques in the brain, one of the markers of Alzheimer's disease
Intradialytic parenteral nutrition in malnourished patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review
Get PDFIntroduction: Malnutrition is a prevalent condition among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Objective: To answer the question of the effect of intradialytic parenteral nutrition (IPN) on malnourished CKD patients undergoing dialysis, a systematic review of clinical trials was performed. Methods: The systematic review was performed according with PRISMA. The review was carried out between September and October 2022. The search strategy included PubMed, Web of Science and LILACS databases. The selection of articles was carried out using the Rayyan platform and to assess the chance of bias, the Rob2 instrument recommended by Cochrane was employed. Results and Conclusions: From 762 article retrieved in the initial strategy only 4 articles were included in the review. In a general view, the use of IPN increased the levels of prealbumin and albumin in the participants. Studies evaluating this topic are sparse. More studies are needed to recommend the use of IPN universally in the context of malnourished patients with CKD
Major clinical outcomes of the regulation of metainflammation in patients with obesity in the light of nutrology: a systematic review
Get PDFIntroduction: Obesity stands out as a multifactorial disease that can cause several public health problems. There are 2.0 billion overweight and obese people in the world, and Brazil is in fifth place in the world ranking. A healthy nutritional status promotes immune function and can prevent the onset of a serious inflammatory process and severe infections, especially in times of pandemics such as COVID-19. Objective: It was to highlight the main clinical outcomes of the regulation of meta-inflammation in patients with obesity in the light of nutrology. Methods: The systematic review rules of the PRISMA Platform were followed. The research was carried out from August to September 2023 in Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 130 articles were found. A total of 42 articles were fully evaluated and 29 were included and developed in the present systematic review study. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 29 studies at high risk of bias and 21 studies that did not meet the GRADE. Most studies showed homogeneity in their results, with X2=71.7%>50%. Research has shown that unbalanced eating patterns, such as the Western diet, rich in simple sugars, refined carbohydrates, and saturated and trans fatty acids, lead to chronic inflammatory responses, increased adipose deposition, and future comorbidities associated with overweight and obesity. Calorie restriction decreased CRP in obese patients and diet administration over 12 weeks had a beneficial effect. Furthermore, obese patients with antioxidant supplementation had lower values of BMI, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose level, and assessment of the homeostasis model of insulin resistance when compared to the placebo group, as well as having lower levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, malondialdehyde and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. n-3 PUFA supplementation can significantly reduce serum C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) concentrations
Nutritional Status and Food Consumption of Preschool-age Children: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study Carried Out in Schools Covered by the Brazilian School Feeding Program
Get PDFIntroduction: Excess weight in children is a complex and multifactorial condition, resulting from the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. For the treatment and prevention of obesity in childhood, an effective intervention must involve the main relationships and contexts in which the individual is inserted, such as the family and school environment. In Brazil, the National School Feeding Program (PNAE) is an important tool for the prevention of childhood obesity in the country, since the program aims to provide healthy school meals and food and nutrition education to students of all ages enrolled in public schools. Objective: This study aimed to identify the excess weight prevalence and analyze the food consumption of preschool-age students enrolled in schools registered in the National School Feeding Program in Sertãozinho-SP. Methods: This is a descriptive observational cross-sectional study. After the guardians' authorization by signing the Informed and Voluntary Consent Form (TCLE), preschool children were subjected to measurements of weight (kg), height (m), triceps skinfold (mm), and abdominal circumference (cm). A validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to collect data on food consumption. Results: 153 students were included in the sample, 81 (52.94%) were boys and 72 (47.06%) were girls. In total, 109 (71.24%) children were between 4 and 5 years old. According to the Body Mass Index (BMI) classification for age, 1 (0.65%) child presented the situation of severely thin, 10 (6.54%) students were classified as thin, 89 (58.17%) were eutrophic, 12 (7.84%) at risk of overweight, 22 (14.38%) with overweight, 12 (7.84%) with obesity and 7 (4.58%) with severe obesity. A significant association was found between the variables BMI for age and tricipital skinfold (p<0,0010), and the same association was observed for Abdominal Circumference measurements (p<0,001). Regarding food consumption, it was found that for vegetables, frequency of consumption equal to or less than 1 to 3 times a month was the most mentioned by the majority of the guardians. Among the sugar, sweets, and snacks groups, more than 50% of respondents reported consuming powdered chocolate (63%) and sugar (53%) at a frequency greater than or equal to 2 to 4 times a week. Conclusion: A high prevalence of overweight was found, approximately 35%. Severe thinness and thinness conditions were observed in 7% of children. Furthermore, a low frequency of vegetable consumption and a high intake of ultraprocessed foods were observed
Obesity and mental disorders: prevalence analysis in a group of employees of a large multinational company in Brazil
Get PDFObesity is a 21st-century pandemic that is associated with cognitive and mental health problems, non-communicable diseases, and premature death. Several studies have associated obesity with the occurrence of mental disorders, including depression. Considering the high prevalence of the two comorbidities and the importance of their impact on people's lives, the objective of this work was to analyze the correlation between obesity and mental disorders, including depression, in adult employees of a large multinational company based in Brazil. This study followed a prospective observational longitudinal and comparative model, following the STROBE rules. This study was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee. 3706 electronic medical records of occupational medicine consultations of employees from different regions of Brazil of a large multinational company were evaluated, between the years 2020 and 2021. For the present study, the BMI profile was crossed, according to the BMI classification. Brazilian Association of Nutrology (ABRAN) with data from the assessment of the mental state of employees considering the results of the Self Report Questionnaire (SQR20). The results obtained showed an association between the two variables and allowed us to conclude that overweight/obese employees have a higher incidence of mental disorders; employees with low and normal weight are primarily in the age group under 40; overweight/obese employees are preferably between the ages of 40 and 60; men have a higher incidence of overweight and a lower rate of mental disorders; women have a higher incidence of normal weight and a higher rate of mental disorders; Underweight employees are less likely to suffer from mental disorders
Major considerations of the nutrients, probiotics and gut microbiota in the treatment of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis: a concise systematic review
Get PDFIntroduction: Skin conditions contributed 1.79% to the global burden of 306 diseases and injuries in recent years. Individual skin diseases varied in size, from 0.38% of the total burden for atopic dermatitis (AD), 0.29% for acne vulgaris, and 0.19% for psoriasis. The microbiome of normal human skin showed high diversity and high interpersonal variation. Imbalance of the intestinal microbiota can promote the onset and progression of human diseases. Objective: It was analyzed, through a systematic review, the main considerations of the nutrients, probiotics, and gut microbiota in the treatment of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Methods: The PRISMA Platform systematic review rules were followed. The search was carried out from January to April 2024 in the Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 120 articles were found, and 29 articles were evaluated in full, and 20 were included and developed in the present systematic review study. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 23 studies with a high risk of bias and 25 studies that did not meet GRADE and AMSTAR-2. Most studies showed homogeneity in their results, with X2=79.5%>50%. It was concluded that aesthetically healthy skin includes manipulation of intestinal function. Treatments that augment or repair a leaky gut barrier may become important as adjunctive therapy in the management of inflammatory skin conditions and may help increase the effectiveness of standard dermatotherapy. All of this would be aimed at modifying the secretory, metabolic, and hormonal activity of the intestinal epithelium to impact skin inflammation.
 
Major considerations on the relationship of triple negative breast cancer with microRNAs and nutrological triggers: a systematic review
Get PDFIntroduction: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 15% of all cases. Its incidence is usually higher in young women (under 40 years of age). The classification as triple-negative occurs because, in this case, there are no estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors, which are responsible for controlling tumor growth. Higher levels of physical activity and better diet quality are associated with lower mortality from breast cancer in observational studies. Furthermore, physical activity and optimal nutrition can improve the relative dose intensity of chemotherapy, as they can activate miRNAs that regulate several biological processes. Objective: This was to conduct a systematic review to establish the main considerations of the relationship between triple-negative breast cancer and microRNAs as biomarkers and regulators of gene expression in cancer cells, as well as to show some nutritional triggers of microRNA activation desirable for breast cancer control. Methods: The PRISMA Platform systematic review rules were followed. The search was conducted from April to June 2024 in the Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE and AMSTAR-2 instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed appropriately. According to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: 112 articles were found, and 40 were evaluated in full and included in this article, 22 of which were included in the systematic review. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the global assessment resulted in 15 studies with a high risk of bias and 25 studies that did not reach GRADE and AMSTAR-2. Most studies showed homogeneity in their results, with X2=81.5%>50%. It was concluded that an increasing number of studies have shown that non-coding RNA (ncRNA), including microRNA (miRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), play a significant role in tumorigenesis. Although a diet and exercise intervention did not affect relative dose intensity, the intervention was associated with a higher pCR in patients with hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative and triple-negative breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. High expression levels of miR-27a/b, miR-210, and miR-454 were associated with shorter overall survival, whereas high expression levels of miR-454 and miR-374a/b were associated with disease-free survival. The miRNAs associated with triple-negative breast cancer may provide new avenues for early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Furthermore, specific miRNAs may serve as potential prognostic biomarkers in triple-negative breast cancer
Nutritional therapies in patients with obesity in controlling gene expression of microRNAs for reducing inflammatory processes and metabolic disorders: a systematic review
Get PDFIntroduction: In the context of the obesity pandemic, an estimated 3.0 billion patients have excessive reserves of adipose tissue and calories. These patients with excess energy are not classified as overweight or obese. Increasing evidence suggests that obesity promotes the activation of resident T cells and macrophages. MicroRNAs contribute to the maintenance of the immune response and obesity in adipose tissue, and enteral nutritional therapy is essential for the treatment of obesity, as it works as triggers to modulate gene expression through microRNAs. Objective: This study aimed to present the main considerations of enteral nutritional therapy in patients with obesity, in controlling the gene expression of microRNAs in the gut microbiota, adipose tissue, and circulatory systems to reduce inflammatory processes, and metabolic disorders. Methods: The systematic review rules of the PRISMA Platform were followed. The research was carried out from May to July 2024 in the Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 127 articles were found. A total of 38 articles were fully evaluated and 17 were included in this systematic review. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 20 studies with high risk of bias and 23 studies that did not meet the GRADE. Most studies showed homogeneity in their results, with X2=73.5% >50%. It was concluded that certain miRNAs have been implicated in the control of body weight gain, glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance and lipid metabolism. A single dose of dietary protein has acute effects on hormonal and metabolic regulation and increases the expression of exosomal miRNA in individuals with obesity and insulin resistance. Enteral feeding is an effective and safe treatment in the regulation of these microRNAs. Ketogenic enteral nutrition may lead to better clinical outcomes than hypocaloric enteral nutritional protocols in glycemic and lipid profiles. A diverse range of nutritional interventions have been shown to be effective in the treatment of obesity and its comorbidities, mainly through the modulation of nutritherapy on microRNAs in adipose tissue, intestinal microbiota and circulatory systems
Major clinical outcomes of nutrology management and the endocannabinoid system in the performance of paralympic athletes: a systematic review
Get PDFIntroduction: In the Paralympic sports scenario, recent research suggests that the connection between nutrients and the intestinal microbiota may play an important role in athlete health and performance. Exercise-induced extracellular vesicles (exosomes and microRNAs) have emerged as potential mediators of muscle crosstalk. Furthermore, clinical studies suggest that cannabidiol (CBD) may be useful for athletes due to its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anxiolytic, and neuroprotective properties and its influence on the sleep-wake cycle. As a corollary of this, a series of implications of cannabidiol in gene expression processes modulated by microRNAs are being evidenced, impacting the immune and inflammatory systems in athletes. Objective: This study aimed to present the main clinical outcomes of nutritional management and the endocannabinoid system in the performance of Paralympic athletes through a systematic review. Methods: The systematic review rules of the PRISMA Platform were followed. The search was realized from June to July 2024 in the Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: 135 articles were found. A total of 28 articles were evaluated and 25 were included in this systematic review. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 18 studies with a high risk of bias and 25 studies that did not meet GRADE and AMSTAR-2. Most of the studies presented homogeneity in their results, with X2 = 87.5% >50%. It was concluded that Paralympic athletes should feed, train, and utilize the entire supraorganism, including the intestinal microbiota, implementing gut-centered dietary strategies to achieve optimal performance. Current evidence suggests that the gut microbiota may contribute to sports performance through the production of nutritional metabolites (short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids), influence on gastrointestinal physiology (nutrient absorption), and immune modulation (inhibition of pathogens). Intake of adequate dietary fiber, a variety of protein sources, and emphasis on unsaturated fats, especially ɷ-3 fatty acids, as well as supplementation with pre-, pro-, and synbiotics, have shown promising results in optimizing the health of Paralympic athletes and with potential beneficial effects on performance. Furthermore, there is preliminary evidence supporting the anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, analgesic, and anxiolytic actions of cannabidiol and the possibility that it may protect against gastrointestinal damage associated with inflammation and promote the healing of traumatic skeletal injuries. A specific repertoire of microRNAs regulated by cannabinoids in resting (vigilant) and lipopolysaccharide-activated microglia has been identified. The modulated microRNAs and their target genes are controlled by TLR, Nrf2, and Notch cross-talk and are involved in immune response, cell cycle regulation, cellular stress, and redox homeostasis
Gut microbiota and skeletal muscle axis in sports performance through nutrological activation of irisin and microRNAs: a systematic review
Get PDFIntroduction: Several discoveries have accumulated evidence regarding gut microbiota, regenerative nutrition, and skeletal muscle metabolism. Exercise volume and intensity have been shown to influence gastrointestinal health status, including the role of growth factors, signaling pathways, oxidative stress, metabolic factors, irisin, and microRNAs. Objective: To present, through a systematic review, the main approaches and outcomes of clinical studies of the gut microbiota and skeletal muscle axis in sports performance through the nutritional activation of irisin and microRNAs. Methods: The PRISMA Platform systematic review rules were followed. The research was carried out from January to April 2024 in the Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: 121 articles were found. A total of 40 articles were evaluated in full and 19 were included and developed in the present systematic review study. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 16 studies with a high risk of bias and 25 studies that did not meet GRADE. It was concluded that exercise-induced stimulation of irisin (bioactive cytokines), through muscle-bone-fat crosstalk, increases muscle anabolism, bone formation, mitochondrial biogenesis, glucose utilization, and fatty acid oxidation and Attenuates chronic low-grade inflammation. A current focus in the field of sports and metabolism is the investigation of how specific metabolites and nutrients affect the progression and treatment of muscle injuries. Nutrients can also regulate normal homeostatic processes by altering the decisions of muscle stem and satellite cells. MicroRNAs have emerged as important players in the regulation of gene expression, being involved in most of the biological processes examined to date, given that microRNAs are mainly involved in the cell's stress response making them ideal candidates for mediating the skeletal muscle response to changes in contractile activity. Identifying and validating target genes will help understand the molecular mechanism through which microRNAs regulate skeletal muscle in response to exercise