International Journal of Nutrology
Not a member yet
467 research outputs found
Sort by
Nutrological and pharmacological therapy in patients with neoplasms and cachexia: a systematic review
Full text linkIntroduction: Cancer cachexia (CC) is a multifactorial syndrome that is generally characterized by continuous loss of skeletal muscle mass with or without fat loss, often accompanied by anorexia, weakness, and fatigue. Cancer cachexia is associated with low tolerance to antitumor treatments, reduced quality of life, and a negative impact on survival. Unintentional weight loss has been associated with a negative impact on multiple outcomes in cancer patients, including survival and quality of life. Objective: It was to present the main evidence of nutritional and pharmacological therapy for cachectic cancer patients through a systematic review. Methods: The systematic review rules of the PRISMA Platform were followed. The search was conducted from June to August 2024 in the Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: 105 articles were found. 51 articles were assessed and 14 were included in this systematic review. Considering the Cochrane risk of bias tool, the overall assessment resulted in 11 studies with a high risk of bias and 22 studies that did not meet the GRADE criteria. It was concluded that the nutritional consequences of cancer treatments should be identified early with screening and assessment of nutritional status. Nutritional intervention includes screening and appropriate nutritional assessment, which should begin early in the course of the disease to reduce or delay negative effects on therapy and quality of life. Liquid nutritional supplements may be useful to help increase caloric intake. Numerous investigations have reported orexigenic activity associated with progestational agents, such as megestrol acetate and medroxyprogesterone. Megestrol acetate has received the most attention in randomized clinical trials of cancer patients. The use of corticosteroids and mirtazapine for weight gain and pain control was also highlighted. Enteral immunonutrition is an effective nutritional intervention that improves immune function in patients undergoing gastric cancer surgery
Tissue and metabolic regeneration in the light of stem cells, gut microbiota, microRNAs, and exosomes: a systematic review
Full text linkIntroduction: In the regenerative nutrology scenario, nutrients and energy balance stand out as triggers for the balanced functions (maintenance of quiescence) of adult tissue stem cells for tissue and metabolic regeneration. Objective: It was to develop a systematic review of clinical studies to explore the main nutrients and diets to favor tissue and metabolic regeneration, as well as to understand the functions of mesenchymal stem cells, gut microbiota, microRNAs, and exosomes in this process. Methods: The systematic review rules of the PRISMA Platform were followed. The search was carried out from February to April 2025 in the Scopus, Embase, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: 133 articles were found. A total of 35 articles were evaluated in full and 23 were included and developed in the present systematic review study. Considering the Cochrane risk of bias tool, the overall assessment resulted in 26 studies with a high risk of bias and 21 studies that did not meet GRADE and AMASTAR-2. Most studies showed homogeneity in their results, with X2=81.2%>50%. It was concluded that signaling pathways, including mTORC, AMPK, MAPK, and others, are all sensitive to changes in nutrient levels. A healthy plant-based diet can reduce skin inflammation and improve overall skin health. Intermittent fasting regimens can inhibit hair follicle regeneration. Despite this, fasting-stimulated autophagy degrades unwanted components and plays a key role in muscle regeneration. Omega-3 fatty acids, magnesium, zinc, vitamins A, C, D, and resveratrol, together with probiotics, positively improve ulcer healing. Milk contains exosomes (extracellular vesicles) and microRNAs that influence the gut microbiota and aid in tissue regeneration. Supplementation with beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, arginine, and glutamine promotes wound regeneration. Finally, studies have shown that patients with ulcers have deficient levels of vitamin C
Multimodal strategy to protect lean mass in people using semaglutide for obesity – case report
Full text linkIntroduction: Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue (aGLP-1), has emerged as a pivotal therapy for managing obesity by significantly reducing caloric intake through central nervous system modulation. Beyond appetite control, it demonstrates efficacy in diminishing visceral fat and improving metabolic markers. However, concerns arise regarding its potential to induce lean mass loss, highlighting the need for adjunctive strategies. Objective: This study aims to assess the effects of a multimodal intervention combining semaglutide therapy with nutritional supplementation and resistance training on body composition, particularly lean mass preservation. Case Description: A 38-year-old male with obesity underwent semaglutide treatment alongside a structured protocol integrating a ready-to-drink nutritional supplement, resistance exercise, and dietary intervention. Over six months, changes in weight and body composition were evaluated using DXA, bioimpedance, and plicometry. The patient experienced a significant weight loss of 14.6 kg, with body fat reduction of 8.5 kg, 9.7 kg, and 10.4 kg, depending on the measurement method. Notably, lean mass loss was minimized, supporting the efficacy of adjunctive strategies in mitigating muscle depletion during weight loss. Final considerations: These findings underscore the need for mitigation strategies to be started together with any aGLP-1 when treating a person with obesity including but not limited to diet, exercise and a metabolic-friendly ready to drink nutritional supplement - a non-pharmacological strategy frequently forgotten by endocrinologists.
Graphical Abstrac
Nutrigenomic signatures of omega-3 supplementation in modulating insulin pathways in obese adults: a prospective cohort study
Full text linkObesity has emerged as a pervasive and multifaceted global health dilemma, with the attendant condition of insulin resistance frequently preceding and accelerating the onset of type 2 diabetes and related metabolic perturbations. A growing body of literature has correlated the dietary augmentation of omega-3 fatty acids with ameliorations in insulin action. Yet, the precise intracellular and intercellular pathways through which these fatty acids exert their effects remain inadequately delineated. Chronically, the frail genomic networks that are, the compendium of regulatory and genomic elements governing lipid metabolism and insulin signaling, are now amenable to in-depth analysis, permitting the high-resolution interrogation of perturbations imposed by omega-3 fatty acids supplementation. This investigative program, therefore, leverages a nutrigenomic framework to systematically catalogue transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and epigenetic modifications elicited by omega-3 fatty acids ingestion in a representative cohort of clinically defined obesity and insulinresistant adults, to delineate the regulatory circuitry that links omega-3 supplementation to the recovery of normal insulin receptor and post-receptor signaling. Leveraging omega-3 fatty acids dietary supplementation in conjunction with sophisticated nutrigenomic profiling, the present investigation quantifies alterations in biomarkers of insulin sensitivity while elucidating hereditary determinants that modulate therapeutic variance in response to omega-3 fatty acids intake. Such a biophysiological and genomic convergence aims to inform precision-structured dietary regimens targeting obesity and its attendant metabolic pathophysiology, highlighting the importance of aligning interventions with distinct genotypic signatures. The findings reinforce the plausibility of omega-3 fatty acids-mediated enhancement of insulin homeostasis and furnish a methodological scaffold for subsequent inquiries that operationalize nutrigenomic stratification within the arena of obesity therapeutics
Major clinical outcomes of corneal regeneration processes through advanced and nutrological therapy with exosomes and microRNAs: a systematic review
Full text linkIntroduction: The corneal healing process is complex and induces the formation of fibrosis, which is one of the main causes of blindness worldwide. An important therapeutic tool for treating scarred corneas includes those based on exosomes and microRNAs. Protecting and regenerating human corneal endothelial cells (hCECs) should be the main therapeutic goal for corneal endothelial diseases. Objective: It was to carry out a concise systematic review to present the main considerations and clinical outcomes of corneal regeneration processes through advanced and nutrological therapy with exosomes and microRNAs. Methods: The PRISMA Platform systematic review rules were followed. The search was carried out from August to September 2025 in the Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 124 articles were recruited for the initial evaluation, and 44 articles were evaluated and 18 were included in the results of the present systematic review. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 16 studies with a high risk of bias and 32 studies that did not meet GRADE. Most studies showed homogeneity in their results, with X2=87.2%>50%. It was concluded that exosomes are membrane-bound vesicles released by cells, especially mesenchymal stem cells, into their extracellular space, pointing out a new therapeutic approach to cell-based therapy for the treatment of corneal scars. Exosomes can deliver antifibrotic proteins and miRNAs from stem cells to the ocular surface to modulate the healing cornea's therapeutic signaling pathway. Exosomes appear to be more effective in preventing neutrophil infiltration, reducing the expression of fibrotic markers, and restoring corneal morphology. Corneal stromal stem cells treated with exosomes isolated from adipose tissue-derived stem cells showed optimal proliferation, reduced apoptosis, increased aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), decreased expression of MMP1, MMP3, and MMP9 and increased collagen I, II, III, IV, and V expression compared to untreated corneal stromal cells
Major scientific and clinical evidence of pharmacological anti-obesity treatments: a systematic review
Full text linkIntroduction: Obesity is a chronic, complex, and heterogeneous disease that can cause more than 200 comorbidities. In the United States, more than one-third of adults (approximately 35% of men and 40% of women) are obese. It is estimated that by 2030, almost 30% of the adult population in Brazil will be obese. It is known that obesity treatment requires lifestyle changes and that drugs should be administered as a complementary alternative to treatment. Objective: Conduct a systematic review to present the main scientific and clinical evidence of anti-obesity pharmacological treatments through anorectic drugs and their associations. Methods: The systematic review rules of the PRISMA Platform were followed. The search was conducted from March to April 2025 in the Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument, and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 111 articles were found. A total of 30 articles were fully evaluated, and 21 were included in this systematic review. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 12 studies with high risk of bias and 21 studies that did not meet the GRADE and AMSTAR-2 criteria. Most studies presented homogeneity in their results, with X2=78.7% >50%. It was concluded that the scientific findings of randomized studies on the use of anorectic drugs to treat obesity have shown safety and efficiency in the last five years, presenting reasonable weight loss and no significant complications. The combination of naltrexone-bupropion was significantly superior to placebo. Pharmacotherapy for obesity should be conducted according to an adequate assessment of clinical evidence and personalized for each patient, considering the characteristics of each drug and comorbidities associated with obesity. Adults with binge eating disorder and obesity who responded to acute treatment with lisdexamfetamine (whether or not they received additional cognitive-behavioral therapy) had good maintenance over the subsequent 12 weeks. Maintenance with lisdexamfetamine, relative to placebo, did not provide additional benefit for binge eating, but was associated with significantly better eating disorder psychopathology outcomes and greater weight loss
Pediatric nutrology: ten signs of good nutrition
Full text linkIntroduction: Proper nutrition is key to ensuring child health. The “Manual de Alimentação para crianças entre zero e cinco anos”, published by the Brazilian Association of Nutrology, is an evidence-based instrument that can be used as a reference by health professionals interested in a comprehensive and detailed evaluation. Objective: It was to propose signs indicative of good nutrition in the pediatric age group. Methods: Review of the scientific literature in the main national and international databases, aiming to identify the main indicators that point to the adequacy of the food and nutrition processes and their repercussions on health. The data obtained were evaluated by the authors so that it was possible, in a consensual and evidence-based way, to propose ten signs of good nutrition. Results: The literature review identified indicators that can be used by health professionals to compose the nutritional assessment during the pediatric consultation. Conclusions: Ten signs of good nutrition are presented
Analysis of the frequency of consumption of dairy foods as a source of calcium in women in the age group of 19 to 30 years: a prospective observational and cross-sectional study
Full text linkThroughout a woman's life, the amount of calcium needed by her body changes, and in adulthood, this value is relatively lower than in adolescence and post-menopause. Even so, considering that bones are stores of calcium, consumption of the nutrient in adulthood is essential to avoid future problems such as osteoporosis and osteopenia. The objective of this study was to assess the frequency of consumption of dairy products rich in calcium, by adult women between 19 and 30 years old in the city of Catanduva, Brazil. A descriptive cross-sectional observational study was carried out with 114 volunteers. The frequency of consumption of milk and dairy products in the last 12 months was measured through an anonymous questionnaire via “google forms”. It was found that among the most consumed dairy foods are cheese, but most calcium-rich foods are never eaten by the women in the study. The low calcium intake can be explained by the increase in the financial cost of dairy products on the market and by the presence of women who are lactose intolerant. Therefore, the consumption of dairy foods must be encouraged among women, while alternatives must be thought of so that the consumption of calcium, of medicinal importance, is not affected by the prices of dairy products on the market or by the presence or absence of diseases related to lactose
Relationship among nutrients, gut microbiota, and microRNAs for healthy weight loss: a systematic review
Full text linkIntroduction: In the context of chronic noncommunicable diseases, obesity represents a pandemic represented as a long-term chronic imbalance between calorie intake and energy expenditure, resulting in more than 2.0 billion overweight and obese people worldwide. Objective: It was to present the major considerations and results of clinical studies on the relationship between nutrients, gut microbiota, and microRNAs for healthy weight loss through a systematic review. Methods: The PRISMA Platform systematic review rules were followed. The search was carried out from August to September 2024 in the Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 142 articles were found, and 35 articles were evaluated in full and 28 were included and developed in the present systematic review study. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 25 studies with a high risk of bias and 22 studies that did not meet GRADE and AMSTAR-2. Most studies showed homogeneity in their results, with X2=72.4%>50%. It was concluded that diet is a determining factor for a healthy colonization of the gut microbiota. Adipose tissue hypertrophy causes metabolic and hemodynamic disorders through the production of several adipokines that play a role in the genesis of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Studies in humans with obesity have also found a lower proportion of Bacteroidetes compared to eutrophic individuals. Furthermore, when they lose weight, the proportion of Firmicutes decreases and becomes more similar to that of lean individuals. Maintaining a healthy metabolism depends on a symbiotic consortium between bacteria and other intestinal microorganisms. Furthermore, microRNAs regulate gene expression in adipose tissue, impact the regulation of metabolism and energy homeostasis, and regulate adipogenesis signaling pathways in white, beige, and brown adipose tissue. For example, microRNA (miR-143) promotes thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue and inhibits adipogenesis in white adipose tissue. Some miRNAs have been implicated in the control of body weight gain, glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, and lipid metabolism, with crosstalk with the gut microbiota. Furthermore, an association was found between B. eggerthi abundance, miR-183-5p expression, and adiponectin levels. miR-15a-5p expression was found to be associated with H. parainfluenza abundance and insulin levels.
Prospects and challenges in soya component allergy study: a systematic literature overview
Full text linkThe study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the data available in the current literature on soybean allergens and evaluation of interventions aimed at attenuating their immunogenic potential. The research relevance is determined by the escalation of the frequency of food hypersensitivity against the background of a global trend towards increased consumption of soy derivatives. The research methodology was based on a comprehensive analysis of current scientific data on the immunogenic properties of key soybean allergens, in particular β-conglycinin and glycinin, and their processing methods, and includes an analysis of 53 papers by authors from around the world. A comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of various processing methods, including thermal modification, ultra-high-pressure application and enzymatic hydrolysis, aimed at reducing the antigenic characteristics of soy proteins was carried out. The study integrated data from clinical trials and experimental results reflecting the structural modifications of protein molecules after treatment. The analysis of the data shows that the allergenic properties of soybeans are mainly due to glycine, β-conglycinin and their derivatives. These proteins are sufficiently thermostable and resistant to enzymatic processing, which makes their use in isolation ineffective. The combined use of enzymatic treatment and ultra-high pressure is most effective in reducing the allergenic potential of soy proteins, but the most promising is the use of specific breeding methods. Moreover, the study confirmed the significant potential of genetic engineering methods aimed at reducing the expression of allergenic proteins in soybean crops, which opens new prospects for the prevention of allergic reactions