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Ecosystem-based approaches to develop a monitoring framework for restoring the transitional lagoon ecosystem of Pulicat, India
No full textMonitoring habitat fragmentation (HF) for economically significant species at close-ranges can provide crucial data for deriving the indicators of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 14.4 for complex socio-ecological systems such as coastal lagoons. However, exclusivity of local-scale processes causing fragmentation, differences in the monitoring approaches, differential interpretations of resilience to disasters, as well as mismatches in reporting outcomes of scientific studies indicate the need for a focussed monitoring framework for transitional ecosystems. Using the example of penaeid prawns (Peneaus sp.), an economically important species from Pulicat lagoon, (an intertidal ecosystem on the east coast of India), the present work presents the development of a practical framework using selective but effective indicators of HF. The overall approach involves establishment of baselines, causal loops, triggering transformations as well as adaptive responses as per the scale and magnitude of HF. In the context of deriving baselines (Level 1), in-situ indicators such as salinity, turbidity, chlorophyll-a concentrations and distribution of seagrass which directly influence the habitat selection are proposed. Derived datasets on nutrient budgets, changes in abundances, Representative Concentration Pathways scenarios 4.5 and 8.5 for climate-induced changes are proposed as external forcings to understand the causative parameters (Level 2). Monitoring extents of tidal influence in ecosystem-based approach for disaster risk reduction (EcoDRR) is proposed to evaluate triggers and adaptive responses (Level 3). The EcoDRR based framework presented has the potential to contribute towards policy-targeted transformative approaches relevant to India's National Fisheries Policy 2020 as well as SDG 14, cross-correlated with targets of other SDGs
Modala Sahasramanada Kannada Sasanagalu (Kannada Inscriptions of the first millennium)
No full text'ಮೊದಲ ಸಹಸ್ರಮಾನದ ಕನ್ನಡ ಶಾಸನಗಳು' ಶಾಸನ ಸಂಪುಟವನ್ನು ಲೇಖಕ ಷ.ಶೆಟ್ಟರ್ ಅವರು ರಚಿಸಿದ್ದಾರೆ. ಹತ್ತೊಂಬತ್ತನೆಯ ಶತಮಾನದ ಕೊನೆಯ ದಶಕದಿಂದ ಈವರೆಗೆ ಪ್ರಕಟವಾಗಿರುವ ಹಳಗನ್ನಡ ಶಾಸನಗಳೆಲ್ಲವನ್ನೂ ಸಂಗ್ರಹಿಸಿ ಮತ್ತೊಂದು ವಿಧಾನದಲ್ಲಿ ಸಂಪಾದಿಸುವ ಪ್ರಯತ್ನವನ್ನು ಈ ಕೃತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಮಾಡಲಾಗಿದೆ. ಸುಮಾರು ಎರಡು ಸಾವಿರ ಹಳಗನ್ನಡ ಶಾಸನಗಳನ್ನು ಮತ್ತೊಮ್ಮೆ ಸಂಪಾದಿಸಿ ಪ್ರಕಟಿಸಿವುದು ಈ ಅಧ್ಯಯನದ ಉದ್ದೇಶವಾಗಿದೆ. ಈ ಕೃತಿಯ ಅನುಕರಮದಲ್ಲಿ ಗಂಗ ಸತ್ಯವಾಕ್ಯ ಪೆರ್ಮನಡಿ, ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರಕೂಟ ಕೃಷ್ಣ 2, ಕನ್ನರದೇವ, ನೀತಿಮಾರ್ಗ ಪೆರ್ಮನಡಿ, ಮಹಾವಳಿ ಬಾನರಸ, ನೀತಿಮಾರ್ಗ, ಸತ್ಯವಾಕ್ಯ ಪೆರ್ಮನಡಿ, ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರಕೂಟ ಅಮೋಘವರ್ಷ, ಗಂಗಾ ಶಿವಕುಮಾರ, ದುಗ್ಗಮಾರ,ವಿಕ್ರಮಾದಿತ್ಯ ಜಯಮೇರು, ಮೈದುಂಬರು, ವಿಜಯಾದಿತ್ಯ ಮಾರಮ್ಮ, ಎರೆಯಪ್ಪರಸ, ಬಾದಾಮಿ ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯ, ಪಲ್ಲವ ಸುಭತುಂಗ, ಗಂಗ ಸತ್ಯವಾಕ್ಯ, ಗಂಗ ನೀತಿಮಾರ್ಗ, ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರಕೂ ಅಕಾಲವರ್ಷ, ರಾಚಮಲ್ಲ, ಎರಡನೆಯ ಕೃಷ್ಣ, ಕನ್ನರವಲ್ಲಬ, ಕನ್ನಡಿ ಅರಸ, ಪಲ್ಲವರಾಮ, ನೊಳಂಬ, ನೊಳಂಭಾದಿರಾಜ, ಅಯ್ಯಪದೇವ, ಅಮ್ಮಣದೇವ, ಮಾದಿವರ್ಮ, ವೈದುಂಬ ಮಹಾರಾಜ, ಬಳರ ಚರಿತ್ರ, ಬಳರ ಹರಿತಿ,ರಾಜಮಲ್ಲ ಸತ್ಯವಾಕ್ಯ, ವಿಕ್ರಮಾದಿತ್ಯ ಸಾನ್ತರ, ನೀತಿಮಾರ್ಗ ಎರೆಗಂಗ, ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರಕೂಟ ಅಕಾಲವರ್ಷದೇವ ಮುಂತಾದ ಅನುಕ್ರಮಗಳನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿದೆ
Infrastructure and Industrial Development in Northeast India: Exploring the Potential Role of Japan (NIAS Special Publication NIAS/CSS/ISSSP/U/SP/18/2022)
Get PDFIndia and Japan are very close strategic partners with relationship deeply rooted in historical linkages and more importantly, structurally free from any political impediment. Both considered each other ‘indispensable partner’ with shared values of democracy and the market economy. There is a great synergy between two countries today in the Indo-Pacific and global level. Development cooperation between the two countries is an important component of the Japan-India Special Strategic Global Partnership. In fact, Japan is India’s one of the oldest and most important development partners and India is one of the largest recipients of Japanese Official Development Assistance (ODA). Japanese ODA act as a catalyst in accelerating economic development, particularly in the areas like power, transportation, and environmental projects. According to Government of India, the ODA plays an important role in transforming India through various infrastructure projects that are taken up and that are envisaged
Varying Dimensions of India’s National Security
No full textThis book engages a comprehensive approach to understand both traditional and non-traditional security issues in addressing dimensions of India’s national security. The issues highlighted in the book through fourteen distinct, yet inter-related, chapters offer insightful reading to India’s national security. This edited book explores the criticalities of various security issues in India, internal and external, and digs deep into the government responses to each of these issues. Stepping away from merely focusing on the state-centric understanding of national security, this book also includes human security perspectives. In this process, this book also offers set of policy recommendations which could be used for effectively dealing with the national security challenges. The themes covered in this edited book range from offering a conceptual framework of national security to issues such as energy security, maritime security, nuclear security, internal security, neighborhood policy, dumping, terrorism, economic security, cyber security, role of media, defense preparedness, and use of GIS in security domain. This book highlights some of the important security issues around the larger perspective of India’s national security. This book will be highly useful for the students and scholars of security and strategic studies and international relations and also to the policymakers in the region
Earthquakes of the Indian subcontinent: Seismotectonic perspectives
No full textThis book highlights some of the interesting recent and historical earthquakes (1803 Uttarkashi, 1819 Kutch, 1897 Shillong, 1905 Kangra, 1934 Nepal-Bihar, 1950 Upper Assam, 1967 Koyna, 1993 Killari, 1997 Jabalpur, 2001 Bhuj, 2004 Sumatra-Andaman, 2005 Kashmir, and 2015 Nepal) that occurred in India and in the vicinity. The tectonic and geodynamic significance of the modern (after the advent of global network) earthquakes in relation to some of the historical earthquakes like the 1819 Kachchh and 1897 Shillong and 1934 Nepal-Bihar earthquakes in the light of newer understanding is discussed. It also contains detailed expositions of seismotectonics and mechanisms of each earthquake. It concludes with touching upon future earthquake hazard scenario in India in view of the present and past earthquakes
Proceedings of the NIAS Workshop to discuss Power Distribution Sector Reforms in India - Role of Regulators and the Private Sector (NIAS Workshop Report No. NIAS/NSE/EECP/U/WR/20/2022)
Get PDFIndependent regulation is at the core of the electricity reform legislation enacted in India as Electricity Act, 2003. It
addressed the power distribution segment, which is the cash register for the entire sector, by transferring the reins of
governance of the sector from government to regulatory agencies. Yet, nearly two decades later, government seems to
have wrested back control, reducing the regulator to a mere accounting intermediary.
The accumulated losses of all State-owned DISCOMs at the end of 2020 have crossed Rs.5 lakh crore even after three
rounds of reform between 2003 and 2019. In 2021, the Government of India has decided to pump in Rs.3 lakh crore
more under the ‘Revamped Distribution Sector Scheme’ to turn around the DISCOMs. This approach is unsustainable
and flags serious managerial deficiencies within the State-owned DISCOMs and the effectiveness of the regulatory
mechanism in this sector.
One of the key reasons for the continuing losses of DISCOMs is the steep escalation in power purchase cost which
accounts for 70-80% of the annual expenditure of the DISCOMs. The sharp hike in PPC that cannot be recovered from
the ultimate consumers immediately has a cascading effect on generation and transmission companies, with overdue
amounts of Rs.1 lakh crore from DISCOMs.
Further, due to the cash crunch, most DISCOMs cannot invest in upgrading the sub-distribution infrastructure. Therefore,
it is evident that structural reforms introduced in the form of unbundling and corporatization of vertically integrated
utilities and independent regulation and the new governance paradigm designed to depoliticize decision-making in the
sector have spectacularly failed. In this context, the workshop sought views from stakeholders on the course corrections
and the way forward by inter alia, addressing the following key questions:
• What role can regulators play in improving the performance of the State-owned DISCOMs?
• Is privatization of DISCOMs with a large share of agricultural consumption possible? If so, under what structure
(100% privatization or PPP or Distribution Franchisee) and policy guidelines?
• What are the potential gains and pitfalls of privatizing loss-making DISCOMs? How can the Regulators play a role
in ensuring a smooth transition?
• Regulatory independence and to some extent, even autonomy, despite the many protections accorded in the statute,
have remained illusory. How to address this issue? Does it call for amendments to the selection committee, selection
criteria and measures to insulate them from political interference?
The Energy, Environment and Climate Change Program in NIAS organized this Workshop on 9 April 2022 to enable
experts and key stakeholders to deliberate on the above issues and suggest the way forward. This report presents the gist
of each talk during the workshop and the panel discussions, culminating in concrete proposals to ensure the effectiveness
of the independent regulatory paradigm and improve the long-term viability of the DISCOMs. The implementation of
these proposals is critical to facilitate the ongoing energy transition while safeguarding public interes
The bear and the dragon in the North: Russia-China cooperation in the Arctic
Get PDFThe war in Ukraine has once again raised questions on the future of the Arctic, a region that witnessed serious efforts for cooperation and peace in the post-Cold War years, despite the geopolitical rumblings between the great powers and the Crimean annexation in 2014. With Russia now isolated in the Arctic Council and the region at large, it is possible for more close cooperation with China on the economic front, however, there is an element of caution in their relations.
Russia is by far the superpower in the Arctic, by the virtue of geography, with its territory covering nearly 50% of the region, its longest coastline with the Arctic Ocean explaining its strong intent to strengthen its position in the region. Russia’s current moves to develop the Northern Sea Route, tap both off-shore and on-shore resources and the much-debated military build-up is not a newfound interest, rather a historical ambition that can be traced back to Novgorod city-state that established an Arctic outpost in Kola Peninsula as early as 12th century. The Arctic dominance continued through centuries and reached a high during the Soviet era.
China on the contrary is geographically distant from the Arctic and has a new found interest, primarily economics, connected to its 21st century global ambitions. It is a manufacturing hub that heavily depends on resources for domestic use and shipping, and is at the same time, a revisionist state that has great power ambitions. The Arctic offers resources (many still inaccessible), and a partial solution to the Malacca Dilemma. Calling itself a “near-Arctic” state in the white paper, Beijing aims to expand its footprints in a plethora of investment areas—science, mining and resource extraction, connectivity, telecommunications shipping, and tourism
The National Bias of India’s Electoral System (NIAS/SSc/IHD/U/WP/02/2022)
No full textThe faith in the complete power of the majority leading to the first-past-the-post (FPTP) system followed in India’s electoral democracy has an inequality built into the relationship between political support and political power. Using vote shares as the measure of political support and seat shares as the extent of political power, this paper argues that due to the rather dispersed nature of votes received by regional and sub-regional level parties, the FPTP electoral system has benefited the national parties over others in terms of converting their votes to seats. However, this pattern need not be a permanent one, as with the growth of further regionalism, regional and local votes get concentrated, improving their ability to convert votes to seats