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Machine learning algorithm based prediction of land use land cover and land surface temperature changes to characterize the surface urban heat island phenomena over Ahmedabad city, India
No full textRapid urbanization over the world's dense urban centers cause an enormous change in the land use land cover (LULC) over a metropolitan area, which adversely affects the land surface temperature (LST) and intensify the urban heat island phenomena. The present study emphasizes the prediction of LULC, seasonal LST, and urban thermal field variance (UTFVI) over Ahmedabad city, India using multi date Landsat data. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based Cellular Automata (CA) model is use to predict the LULC, while the XGB Regression model is used to predict seasonal LST with input data from 2010, 2015, and 2020 to predict future scenarios of 2025 and 2030. The result suggests an addition in the built-up area of about 5.77% and 13.08%, while a deduction in cropland area of about 4.15% and 12.54% is manifest in the year 2025 and 2030, respectively. This excessive urban growth in the study area will cause to face higher LST ranges of greater than 45 °C (24.9 km2 in 2025 and 24.2 km2 in 2030) in summer and 35 °C (19.9 km2 in 2025 and 43.6 km2 in 2030) in winter. The concentration of higher LST zones is evident in the rural areas than urban areas, witnessing cool urban islands. The predicted LST analysis suggests a dominant occurrence of none UTFVI zone in the city area and the strongest UTFVI zone in the surrounding rural area during both the seasons. An increase in green space area and avoidance of non-impermeable surfaces is suggest in future scenarios to mitigate UHI. Furthermore, the outcome of the research can help urban planners and policymakers while formulating urban heat island related mitigation strategies in the near-future scenario
Habitat monitoring for TB risk mitigation and an integrated information-based decision-making framework for dense urban settings: An approach
Get PDFThe impact of the unclean and crowded living conditions towards enhancing the risk of tuberculosis (TB) infection is well known. This article proposes an integrated information flow-based approach for habitat monitoring (both indoor and surroundings) aimed at TB risk mitigation
Factoring Climate Change Risks in the Wetland Ecosystems Governance: A Policy Look Ahead
No full textWetland ecosystems, freshwater, coastal and coral reefs, are important ecosystems as they provide many ecological services and ensure livelihood of people. The increase in carbon dioxide and global temperatures change in precipitation patterns, and acidification of oceans can adversely affect these ecosystems. It is expected that increase in temperature in lakes, reservoirs and coastal seas will affect flora, fauna and fisheries. The increase in sea level can erode shorelines and coastal habitats. Coral reefs can degrade due to increase in temperature, sea level rise and acidification. The ecological services provided by these ecosystems have economic value and thus any loss of these habitats can affect livelihood of communities. The global watershed and coastal management approaches such as the 1971 Ramsar Convention and 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide key tools to protect these ecosystems. A robust global wetland information repository system needs to be developed for providing necessary data to effectively model climate change impacts at local and regional levels. The knowledge about climate risks to wetlands, integrated with effective governance at national, regional and global levels along with informed people, are key elements for protection and sustainable future of wetlands. It is in this global context and decisions of the successive Ramsar Conference of Parties (COP), within the limits of time and space, this study has sought to examine the climatic risks to the wetland’s ecosystems. The data and the situation in the Indian sub-continent have been used as an example for the purpose. We need to look for concrete ideas and solutions to address the challenge of climate change risks to the wetland ecosystem at the juncture of Stockholm+50 (2022) and beyond
Dont get old before getting rich
Get PDFThe big population picture. Recent projections have revived population control talk. Policy must steer clear of this.
A projection from the 2022 revision of the United Nations' World population prospects has grabbed everyone's attention and media headlines globally is that India will overtake China to become most populous country in the world in 2023. This change in the demographic-rank order will occur four years earlier than the previous prediction of 2027. This has triggered a range of discussions on the future of Indi
Analysing topographical transformation of Bombay Islands and Bombay Fort using geospatial analysis and historical records
No full textMumbai is on a narrow peninsula, which lies between the Arabian Sea on the west, Thane Creek on the east and Vasai Creek on the north; consisting of two distinct regions, Mumbai City and Mumbai Suburban. The city district region or South Mumbai is also commonly referred to as the Island City, as historically this area consisted of islands separated by the sea. There were several historical fortifications dotted on these islands, such as Worli, Mahim, Sion, Sewri, Bandra and the largest of these was the Bombay Fort. The islands were combined into one landmass by man-made changes spread over a century and the ensuing land-use changes and urbanisation erased the contours of the extents of forts as well as islands. The history of the city has been a subject of interest to researchers; it is widely believed that prior to the first phase of reclamation (1711–1728 CE) there were seven islands. However, past scholarship has pointed out that the model of seven distinct islands was first introduced in a map published in 1843 CE, which retrospectively speculated the original landscape and this model has not been subjected to a scientific analysis so far (Ridings in J. Historic Geograp 59:27–39, 2018). The present study: firstly uses historical maritime cartographic records (such as sea charts, maps, birds-eye views, admiralty charts, portolan charts and pilots, made by Portuguese, French, Dutch and British) to geospatially identify and map the spatial evolution of the islands that formed the present South Bombay; secondly, traces the layout and evolution of the Bombay Fort which was the hub of power and economy of Bombay Presidency during seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and which also houses remnants of few buildings including the castle built by Portuguese
Dynamics of Difference: Inequality and Transformation in Rural India
Get PDFThis original conceptualization provides insights into the role of inequality in the processes of change in rural India. It presents in-depth analyses and understanding of the nature and form of inequality, and its causes and consequences. The volume examines interpersonal, intergroup, and intrapersonal inequalities in the country’s rural transformation. Through research based on ethnographic, primary survey and secondary data methods, this multidimensional study discusses key themes such as normative and descriptive inequalities; class, caste and other identities; economic poverty; educational poverty; poverty in health; gendered poverty; inequality and power; the impact of migration; ethical issues and vulnerabilities; and suicidal consequences of inequality. It builds cohesive arguments, based on the development of several new indicators, to examine rural inequality. This book will be of interest to scholars and researchers of political economy, economics, development studies, development economics, sociology, public policy, political science, political sociology, and rural sociology
Menstrual Experience of Transmen: A Study of Trauma, Taboo and Concealment
No full textThe medical, academic and research discussions on menstruation are still roaming around the menstrual
experience of cis women. It never documents the experience and problems of transmen who are menstruating.
This study aims to understand and analyse the trauma, taboo and concealment that menstruating transmen
experience; its impact on their physical and mental well-being; and the inclusion of transmen into health policy
frameworks as an intervention to gender dysphoria. Using purposive and snowball sampling methods, case
studies of six transmen belonging to Kerala, India, are collected through in-depth interviews carried out in the
year 2020.
A menstruating body in a male gender creates an additional hurdle for them. All the respondents
identified menstruation as a body process which alienates them from their gender. The respondents have faced
many physical difficulties as well such as using men’s public rest room during menstruation, access to
menstrual products, lack of comfort, shame and trauma while using them and gender dysphoria during their
menstrual days. The study suggests government initiatives and policy frameworks regarding menstrual
hygiene, best practices and support mechanisms, which should include non-binary people too. This will
promote sustainable menstrual practices and ensure well-being of all people who are menstruating
What happened to the Fishing School? Education, Mobility and Perceptions of Well-being in a Traditional Fishing Community in Western India
Get PDFBombay duck and Pomfret are found in abundance on this coast which is
why we were taught about the fishing practices and methods employed in
harvesting these two species. Raapan net is not used for pomfret and Bombay
duck; this is used for fish like bangda (Indian mackerel) and kati (Mustached
Anchovy), and the seabed is shallower in depth. We use dole nets here. We
were given this knowledge in school, but now the school has been taken over by
the zilla parishad (district government) and doesn’t teach such skills. None of
the teachers have such knowledge now
Changing Patterns of Work–Life Balance of Women Scientists and Engineers in India
Get PDFIndia has witnessed a steady rise in the number of women scientists and engineers in the last two decades. At the same time, the country has experienced the transition from the joint family to a nuclear family system. This has brought with it unique challenges for the women professionals as they negotiate their roles in families with successful careers. While documenting and analysing the changing patterns of the work–life balance of women scientists and engineers, the article highlights the critical role that the scientific institutions can play as enablers in this process