2835 research outputs found
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Universal Orbits: Unveiling the Connection between Chaotic Dynamics, Normal Numbers, and Neurochaos Learning
Full text linkThis study explores the realm of chaotic dynamics, Neurochaos Learning (a brain-inspired machine learning paradigm) and Normal numbers, focusing on the introduction of a novel chaotic trajectory termed the Universal Orbit. The study investigates the characteristics and generation of universal orbits within two prominent chaotic maps: the Decimal Shift Map and the Gauss Map. It explores the set of points capable of forming such orbits, revealing connections with normal numbers and continued fractions. Points within the interval (0, 1) can produce universal orbits under specific conditions, highlighting the intricate relationship between machine learning, chaotic dynamics and number theory. While not all points forming universal orbits are normal numbers, the trajectory of a normal number may represent a universal orbit (under certain conditions). When employing the universal orbit for feature extraction in Neurochaos Learning, the firing time feature can be interpreted by establishing an upper bound and examining its trend. Future research aims to identify sets of points producing universal orbits under various chaotic maps, intending to enhance the performance of algorithms like the Neurochaos Learning algorithm. This study contributes to advancing our understanding of chaotic systems and their applications in artificial intelligence
Summary Report of International Symposium on Nuclear Power to Achieve Net Zero with Energy Security for India held at NIAS on 21st October 2024 (NIAS/NSE/EECP/R/WR/01/2025)
No full textInternational pressures on India to contain the growth of energy sector emissions will escalate after 2030. On 1 October 2023, the European Union (EU) initiated the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) to ensure that the carbon price of imports into the EU is equivalent to that of the production within the EU. This additional levy will be imposed on steel and aluminum imports from India (worth $8.2 billion in 2022) from 2026 and gradually levied on all imports into the EU from 2034. Consequently, the Indian metal producers that use carbon-intensive energy sources and export products to the EU are seeking firm, affordable, zero-carbon energy that small and modular reactors (SMRs) and Bharat Small Reactors (BSRs) can supply.
Considering these recent developments, the NIAS conducted an International Symposium on Nuclear Power to Achieve Net Zero with Energy Security for India on 21st October 2024 as part of an ISEF-sponsored project. This summary report captures the salient insights brought out during the thematic discussions. While BSR is an interim solution for industrial decarbonization, SMR is going to be a critical technology option for clean energy transition. This necessitates an “SMR Mission” in the country. For designing an Indian SMR, the country should start thinking in the line of advanced reactors or SMRs developed (or under development) in advanced countries. A ‘Mission Mode’ countrywide scouting for sites for SMR deployment for different users is the need of the hour. Since the renaissance of nuclear energy in India is dependent on a successful coal-to-nuclear transition, there is a need for progressive regulatory thinking regarding the siting of small and modular reactors. A draft code specific to SMRs (< 300 MWe) should be prepared at the earliest and submitted to AERB. A business-driven multi-pronged and multi-disciplinary approach is necessary for the rapid expansion of Nuclear Energy Generation Capacity in India, in line with the nation’s aim to become “Vikshit Bharat” by 2047
Global Climate Change: Dynamics of India-China Cooperation, Competition, and Road Ahead
No full textClimate change is the century's most pressing challenge, with impacts transcending national borders, economies, and ecosystems. India and China being the fastest growing economies are the most vulnerable regions to the changing climate. They face huge impacts of climate change being the fastest growing economies, leading to a critical juncture in global climate change governance, embodying a complex interplay of cooperation, opposition, and evolving strategies that will shape the future of climate action. Collaboration between the two states has been obtrusive in diverse multilateral forums, along with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) negotiations, in which they have frequently offered united fronts on concepts that include ‘common but differentiated responsibilities’ (CBDR). Simultaneously, the impacts of changing climate cause an additional burden on existing social and economic problems by causing unrest, national rivalries, and situations that are hard to manage. This chapter will examine and outline the multifaceted relationship between both countries on climate change, focusing on their collaborative efforts, competitive dynamics, and the potential pathways forward
Transition Plan for Thermal Power Plants in India
No full textCoal-based thermal power plants will continue to provide electricity in India. It is proposed to retire thermal power plants after 25 years of service. Coal washing should be employed to reduce the inorganic sulphur and ash content. High-efficiency, Low-Emission thermal power plants, currently under construction, can offset the non-availability of electricity from retired thermal power plants
Energy Efficiency and Circularity: Insights from Adoption Trends of Washing Machines, Critical Materials Demand and Responsible Use Strategies
No full textIndia’s energy efficiency measures necessitate residential and commercial sectors to adopt energy-efficient star-labelled heavy appliances and equipment. The increasing disposable income, improved consumer lifestyle and technological advancements have significantly increased the households’ proliferation of Laundry Washing Machines (LWMs) in past years. Rare earth permanent magnet-based Brushless DC (BLDC) electric motors are critical for energy-efficient LWMs. This study presents two growth scenarios of washing machine production and assesses the demand for rare earth materials (Nd, Dy, Pr) used in permanent magnet manufacturing. The analysis indicates that the annual demand for rare earth materials for magnets in LWMs could be between 1352 and 1637 tonnes by 2030. Considering the market volatility of critical material supply chains, the study highlights the importance of circular business models like refurbishing used products and recycling to build an alternate resource supply chain. The study also discusses the action-oriented policy directions and business strategies that could promote formalized e-waste recycling and augment sustainable access to energy-efficient washing machines among people
Government spending and lower secondary education completion in Asia: A cross-national analysis
No full textThis paper examines the influence of government expenditure on lower secondary education completion rates across 35 Asian countries, using 2019 data from the UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Despite global commitments to equitable education, regional disparities in funding and outcomes persist. Employing a cross-sectional correlational design, the study identifies a weak, statistically nonsignificant association (r = 0.26, p = 0.122) between government education spending and completion rates. These findings suggest that while funding remains a critical input, its impact may be limited without concurrent investments in education quality, governance, and equity. Key limitations include reliance on single-year data, absence of control variables, and structural inefficiencies across national systems. The study advocates for more nuanced public investment strategies that emphasize targeted interventions, data-driven policymaking, and inclusive financing to align national efforts with Sustainable Development Goals. These insights are relevant for ministries of education, international organizations, and donors seeking to strengthen education systems and promote equitable access across Asia
Interrogating Political Crisis in Bangladesh: Limited Democracy, Islamization of Polity, and External Power Politics
No full textThe August 2024 ousting of Sheikh Hasina’s 15-year Awami League (AL) government in Bangladesh, precipitated by a student-led uprising, actively supported and participated in by the Islamist organizations and opposition, has precipitated profound political instability. This article identifies three interrelated causal factors contributing to the crisis: a deficit in democratic consolidation, the Islamization of the political sphere, and the intervention of external powers. The AL’s successive regimes failed to institutionalize democratic norms, while Islamist constituencies persistently resisted democratic reforms. Concurrently, external actors have influenced domestic politics, exacerbating the crisis. Additionally, the nation’s fractured social fabric has hindered the development of a cohesive national identity, impeding democratic progress and political stability. Through a historical analysis, this article argues that these factors collectively elucidate the ongoing political turmoil in Bangladesh
Advances in Communication and Applications: Proceedings of ERCICAM 2024
No full textThis book presents the proceedings of the International Conference on Emerging Research in Computing, Information, Communication, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (ERCICAM 2024). The book provides an interdisciplinary forum for researchers, professional engineers and scientists, educators and technologists to discuss, debate and promote research and technology in the upcoming areas of computing, information, communication and their applications. Some of the topics include the Internet of Things (IoT), wireless communications, image and video processing, parallel and distributed computing and smart grid applications, among others. The book discusses these emerging research areas, providing a valuable resource for researchers and practicing engineers
Strengthening Initiatives for a Robust Rare Earth Industry Ecosystem in India: Significance and Way Forward
No full textThe rare earth (RE) supply chains are going to face bottlenecks and possible disruptions owing to the volatile geopolitical environment in some of the critical and nodal countries and regions. Therefore, it is important to render resilience to the global rare earth supply chain network by augmenting an alternate supply source, primarily through the end-of-life (EoL) product recycling. Establishing a comprehensive manufacturing ecosystem capable of sourcing raw materials uninterruptedly would help manufacture the finished products at globally competitive prices. This could unveil India’s potential to build a well-planned white goods production ecosystem while creating strategic capability through partnerships and building capacity by generating large-scale job opportunities. Various case studies emphasize the need for strategy-focused and demand-driven bottom-up assessments to firm up the national requirements so that a holistic national plan can be formulated around the core philosophy of resource adequacy and resource security