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Science Beyond Borders: International Collaborations in Basic Sciences
No full textInternational collaboration in basic sciences allows researchers from different countries to pool their expertise, knowledge, and resources. This combined effort tackles complex scientific challenges that might be beyond the intellectual, technical, and financial capabilities of a single nation. It fosters the sharing of data and ideas, accelerates scientific progress and leads to breakthroughs that benefit all of humanity.
This was established in tackling COVID-19; establishment of CERN; building of LHC, ITER, FAIR, LIGO, SKA, TMT, scores of terrestrial and space telescopes, International Space Station; Space Missions; discovery of Higgs boson; discovery of gravitational waves; green revolution; understanding of weather and monsoon in a rapidly warming world; and spread of modern technology and education across the world, etc.
The most challenging problem facing the world now is climate change, which can only be solved if every nation cooperates and contributes to mitigation measures and research outlined by scientists from across the world. This presents us with a huge existential challenge, which can only be met when each one of us contributes to the spirit of the entire world being one family, and with the conviction of futility of conflict.
If we fail to rise to the occasion, our very survival on this planet would become extremely difficult and near impossible. This book will be of interest to science policymakers in industry or government, as well as laypersons interested in the history of science, cosmology, particle physics or scientific collaborations
Advances in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: Proceedings of ERCICAM 2024, Volume 2
No full textThis book features papers from the International Conference on Emerging Research in Computing, Information, Communication, Artificial Intelligence, and Machine Learning (ERCICAM 2024). It serves as an interdisciplinary platform for researchers, professional engineers, scientists, educators, and technologists to discuss, debate, and promote advancements in research and technology within the evolving fields of computing, information, communication, and their applications. Topics covered include the Internet of Things (IoT), wireless communications, image and video processing, parallel and distributed computing, and smart grid applications, among others. The book explores these emerging research areas and acts as a valuable resource for both researchers and practicing engineers
Anthropogenic Histories, Affective Geographies: The Macaques of Urban India
No full textMultispecies ethnographies have begun to understand the sentient lives of nonhuman beings within increasingly human-dominated, ecological contexts of the Anthropocene, especially in India, where the close physical and emotional proximity of humans and macaques over centuries have led to intense interspecies behavioural exchanges and to slow, but irreversible, processes of synurbisation, wherein individual macaques have begun to adapt to urban ecologies. Drawing on our ongoing studies on the synurbisation of rhesus and bonnet macaque populations from across the country, I highlight, in this chapter, what living in altered socioecological environments might mean to both macaques and humans, and, in the process, reflect on the urban ecologies of our future
Geospatial Identification of Human–Wildlife Conflict Hotspots in the Southern Western Ghats
No full textIt is crucial to understand the spatio-temporal dynamics of human–wildlife conflict (HWC) due to its serious consequences. This study analysed 34,596 unprecedented, geotagged HWC data points from the Southern Western Ghats of Karnataka, collected from 2019 to 2023. The data were categorized into human–elephant conflicts (HEC), human–carnivore conflicts (HCC), and other types. To identify the factors influencing these conflicts, we integrated various geospatial layers, including land use land cover (LULC), tree loss data, digital elevation model (DEM), road network, and settlements. We employed a range of geoprocessing and visualization tools such as spatial grid analysis, clustering, kernel density estimation, optimized hotspots, and spatial interpolation using kriging. Elephants, tigers, leopards, wild boars, and gaurs contributed to 99.6% of incidences, with HEC accounting for 92.1% of incidents and 87.4% of the total compensation. Key impacting factors included a loss of 5741 hectares of tree cover over the past two decades (at a rate of 261 ha/year), road network (53%), elevation between 1000–1500 m (86%), and settlements. Elephants were responsible for all types of damages across all proximities. The spatially explicit HWC field data demonstrated significant advantages over the conventional approaches. The generated HWC clusters and hotspots provide valuable insights for effective HWC management practices. These hotspots are crucial for strategic planning and can be effectively applied to other similar landscapes globally
Situating Women in the urban narratives on the Hindu-Muslim conflict in India: Values that contribute to violent discourse
No full textThis paper explores women's roles in shaping conflict narratives. Based on ethnographic research in a diverse locality in Hyderabad with a history of Hindu-Muslim tensions, the study shifts from viewing women solely as victims and subjects of symbolic violence to identifying their role in conflict discourse as actors and agents. Findings highlight how women’s socio-political and personal decisions are influenced by ethnocentric values that promote exclusion and target the ethnic ‘other’, revealing their agency in perpetuating conflict narratives. It underscores the significance of women in sustaining and shaping the values underlying ethnic conflict and its consequences
