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Yakima County Resource Guide - Washington
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Madison County Resource Guide - Idaho
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Benton County Resource Guide - Washington
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Clark County Resource Guide - Washington
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Incorporating meander to account for the impact of low winds in area source modeling; AERMOD as a case study
Get PDFA variety of sources of pollutant emissions can be represented as area sources. These include manure lagoons, landfills, wastewater treatment ponds, and highways. A group of point sources can also be treated as an area source. The impact of an area source is usually computed by representing the area source as a set of line sources perpendicular to the wind direction. As for point sources, the Gaussian horizontal concentration distribution used to compute the contributions of the line sources is likely to overestimate ground-level concentrations when the wind speed is comparable to the standard deviation of the horizontal velocity fluctuations. A variety of methods are used to mitigate this overestimation under these conditions, referred to as meander. As an example of one these approaches, we examine that of AERMOD, EPA's regulatory model. AERMOD includes meander in modeling the impact of point and volume sources, but has not yet incorporated it into AERMOD's area source algorithm. This paper describes an approach to include meander in AERMOD's area source algorithm and demonstrates its impact on concentrations associated with area sources.Implications: Inclusion of wind direction meander in modeling dispersion when the wind speed is low is important in ensuring that AERMOD does not overestimate concentrations under these conditions. In view of the importance of area sources of pollution, the results presented in this paper represent a potential enhancement of AERMOD's ability to estimate the upper end of the concentration distribution, which forms the basis of the regulatory acceptance of the model
ECUMENICAL PROTESTANTS, AMERICAN ORIENTALISM, AND INTERFAITH DIALOGUE, 1890-1968
Get PDFThis thesis examines the roots of ecumenical Protestant sympathies for Palestinian refugees and places their concern in the context of their evolving relations with Muslim and Arab Americans throughout the 20th century. Though ecumenical leaders expressed more pro-Palestinian and pro-Arab perspectives after the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, how they came to those perspectives requires a look into how ecumenical missionaries and missionary-connected individuals were early critics of Orientalism. Anti-Zionist, or rather non-Zionist ecumenical Protestants, were just one vocal group within mainstream Protestantism. Most mainstream Protestants were not firmly in one camp or another. From the 1930s to the 1960s, another group of ecumenists became the face of Christian Zionism in the U.S., decades before the evangelical right took up that mantle. The ecumenical Protestant "mainline" was in decline by the 1960s, in part due to divisions among ecumenical leaders and especially between church leadership and the laity, including divisions over support for Israel. Analysis of published and unpublished primary sources from the Presbyterian Historical Society provides insight into the ways ecumenical leaders articulated their concerns over the Arab-Israeli conflict. This topic is significant because of the influence that transferred from ecumenical to evangelical Protestant hands in this realm of American diplomacy. Since the 1970s, evangelicals have cultivated the most diplomatic influence in U.S.-Israel relations. That development is a critical part of recognizing the consequences of American ecumenism’s decline and what it meant for American foreign policy and interfaith relations. Looking at the decline in that context also illuminates the ever-present role of religion in American foreign policy and how it has changed. This thesis argues that ecumenical Protestants responded to the Arab Palestinian refugee crisis in part by working to improve Arab and Muslim-Christian relations, an initiative that in some ways mirrored the ecumenical response to Jewish persecution. Those ecumenical efforts at interfaith understanding were rooted in the experiences of missionaries in Palestine and new 20th century ideas about ecumenism, the purpose of missions themselves, and American pluralism
ELUCIDATING INTERMEDIATE-SURFACE INTERACTIONS ON LA-BASED PEROVSKITES UNDER ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCING CONDITIONS FROM FIRST PRINCIPLES
Get PDFElectrochemical systems operate far from equilibrium and often at high temperatures inducing harsh destabilizing conditions for the catalysts used to drive reactions. Although pure metal catalysts have been studied in the past to be used under these conditions, many recent studies utilize oxides to increase the stability of the catalysts and reduce cost of materials as noble metals, which are highly active are quite costly. Even though the stability increases with oxides, they do suffer from reduced activity as compared to noble or pure metal catalysts, thus this needs to be studied further. This dissertation details work performed on three different oxide systems under electric fields: CO2 reduction reaction on La-based perovskite surfaces, water-splitting on a Co3In2S2 surface and water formation on oxidized Rh tips. La-based perovskites have been widely studied to replace Ni/YSZ as cathode materials to conduct CO2 reduction to CO. Ni/YSZ is highly active for CO2 reduction but quickly degrades under electrochemical conditions. While La-based perovskites tend to be highly stable under the same conditions, they are not as active thus this must be improved. One of the major bottlenecks to this improvement is the lack of understanding of the underlying mechanism for CO2 reduction. Therefore, this dissertation studies three La-based perovskite surfaces (LaNiO3, LaCoO3 and LaFeO3) to establish an understanding of the surface adspecies through modelling XPS spectra and understanding the effects of coverage on the adsorption of CO2. Through this research, it is found that at differing coverages CO2 effects the electronic state of the surface differently augmenting the activity and changing the favorable adsorption configuration.
In the second project covered in this dissertation, the formation of a hydroxide layer over Co3In2S2 under electrochemical water-splitting conditions is studied using both experimental and theoretical methods. The experimental observations showed that a hydroxide indium layer was formed over the bulk Co3In2S2 surface under the redox conditions. This layer both protected the surface from degradation and improved catalytic activity. Via theoretical modelling, we confirmed that Co3In2S2 had Weyl points in its band structure which confirm that this material is in fact a topological Weyl semimetal. Further, the calculations showed the formation of a hydroxide layer likely formed due to the presence of *OOH adsorbates on the surface thus it occurs under redox conditions.
In the final project, we investigated the influence of applied voltages on the oxidation of Rh tips under H2 oxidation conditions. H2 oxidation is a complex reaction that exhibits oscillatory behavior as such is an area of active research since this occurs on nanoparticles as well. This work utilized field ion microscopy and field electron microscopy that operate using high positive or negative applied voltages on a metallic tip that mimics a nanoparticle surface. The field polarity was found to drastically change the reaction mechanism. The data detailed in this dissertation will be further used to improve a previous model of the surface to understand the reaction mechanism on the surface in more detail
THE ROLE OF TEMPERATURE STRESS ON POTATO PRODUCTION POTENTIAL
Get PDFTemperature stress is a key factor limiting potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) productivity and quality, particularly under increasingly variable climatic conditions. This research evaluated how temperature influences potato performance through two studies focused on seed tuber physiological aging and in-season temperature stress. Seed tubers of Caribou Russet, Dakota Russet, and Laona were aged under controlled conditions to accumulate 80, 450, and 900 degree days (DD) before planting. Moderate temperature aging (15.6 °C) to 450DD improved emergence, stem number, and yield, while excessive aging (900DD) reduced performance, demonstrating cultivar-specific responses to physiological age and benefits for financial returns. Field experiments with Clearwater Russet and Russet Burbank evaluated temperature stress across three planting times (early, mid, and late) over two years. Warmer soil and air temperatures during late planting corresponded to faster emergence, improved yield and fry color. Temperature exposure varied by developmental stage, with early plantings encountering cooler conditions but more stress later in the season. These findings demonstrate the importance of aligning seed storage treatment and planting time with temperature for optimal results. Optimizing physiological age and adjusting planting time can enhance resilience to temperature stress, improving yield, economic returns, and postharvest quality in potato production
LIVED EXPERIENCES OF PRINCIPALS OF COLOR IN WASHINGTON STATE
Get PDFLIVED EXPERIENCES OF PRINCIPALS OF COLOR IN WASHINGTON STATEAbstractLarry A. Quisano Ed.D.Washington State University
November 2025Chair: Katherine RodelaThis qualitative study explored the lived experiences of Principals of Color (POC) in Washington state and how those experiences impact their leadership practices. This study utilizes Critical Race Theory (CRT) and Yosso’s (2005) Community Cultural Wealth (CCW) as theoretical lens to highlight the individuals’ experiences and cultural capital. Through semi-structured interviews and member-checking, this study provided the opportunity for the researcher and POC to learn from their lived experiences. Lastly, this study intended to explore and identify improvements that can occur in systems that can support POC and dismantle barriers and exclusionary practices that prohibit the promotion and growth of these leaders
REEVALUATING REPRESENTATION: THE EFFECTS OF DIVERSITY ON SPORTSWEAR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS
Get PDFThe overarching research question investigated for this thesis is: How do the biological sex and race of the models in print advertisements for athletic wear products impact self-reported attention paid to an ad, attitude toward the ad, attitude toward the brand, and purchase intention? The biological sex and race of models used in advertising are important objective characteristics of advertisements because these features visually portray levels of diversity of models used in advertising. Levels of diversity are theorized to impact consumer responses to advertisements. Previous research shows that consumers respond more positively to advertisements featuring a diverse range of models compared to those with limited or non-diverse representation.(Henderson et al., 2023) This study will employ a 3 (Race of the Models: White, Non-White, Mixed) X2 (Biological Sex of the Models: Female, Male) x 3 (Advertisement) within-subjects design using repeated measures. The objective is to explore the psychological responses to advertisements that vary in racial and biological sex diversity. Participants (N=50) will be adults aged 18 to 50 who purchase athletic wear. They were recruited through a national survey respondent panel from Prolific. Each participant viewed 18 printadvertisements presented in a randomized order. After viewing each advertisement, participants will respond to questions about their attention, attitudes toward the advertisement and brand, and their purchase intentions. This process will be repeated for all 18 ads. The main hypothesis being tested is that advertisements featuring diverse models—specifically, those showcasing more than one race—will receive more favorable responses compared to less diverse ads featuring only a single race. The results and their implications for advertising theory and practice will be discussed