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In Vitro Synergistic Effects of Omadacycline with Other Antimicrobial Agents against Mycobacterium abscessus
Get PDFNagasaki University (長崎大学)博士(医学)The clinical importance of Mycobacterium abscessus species (MABS) infections has been increasing. However, the standard treatment regimens recommended in the current guidelines often result in unfavorable outcomes. Therefore, we investigated the in vitro activity of omadacycline (OMC), a novel tetracycline, against MABS to explore its potential as a novel therapeutic option. The drug susceptibilities of 40 Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus (Mab) clinical strains obtained from the sputum of 40 patients from January 2005 to May 2014 were investigated. The MIC results for OMC, amikacin (AMK), clarithromycin (CLR), clofazimine (CLO), imipenem (IPM), rifabutin (RFB), and tedizolid (TZD) alone and their combined effects (with OMC) were examined using the checkerboard method. Additionally, we studied the differences in the effectiveness of the antibiotic combinations based on the colony morphotype of Mab. The MIC50 and MIC90 of OMC alone were 2 and 4 μg/mL, respectively. The combinations of OMC with AMK, CLR, CLO, IPM, RFB, and TZD showed synergy against 17.5%, 75.8%, 25.0%, 21.1%, 76.9%, and 34.4% of the strains, respectively. Additionally, OMC combined with CLO (47.1% versus 9.5%, P = 0.023) or TZD (60.0% versus 12.5%, P = 0.009) showed significantly higher synergy against strains with rough morphotypes than those with smooth morphotypes. In conclusion, the checkerboard analyses revealed that the synergistic effects of OMC were observed most frequently with RFB, followed by CLR, TZD, CLO, IPM, and AMK. Furthermore, OMC tended to be more effective against rough-morphotype Mab strains.長崎大学学位論文 学位記番号:博(医歯薬)甲第1700号 学位授与年月日:令和7年3月19日Author: Keiji Fujiwara, Akio Aono, Takahiro Asami, Kozo Morimoto, Keisuke Kamada, Yuta Morishige, Yuriko Igarashi, Kinuyo Chikamatsu, Yoshiro Murase, Hiroyuki Yamada, Akiko Takaki, Satoshi MitaraiCitation: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 67(6), art. no. e01579-22; 2023Nagasaki University (長崎大学), 博士(医学) (2025-03-19)doctoral thesi
Comparison of inflammatory markers before and after nanoliposomal irinotecan and fluorouracil with folic acid in patients with pancreatic cancer: results from the NAPOLEON-2 study (NN-2302)
Get PDFBackground: Relationships between cancer onset, progression, and inflammation have been reported; yet, the significance of inflammatory markers before and after treatment with nanoliposomal irinotecan and fluorouracil with folic acid (NFF) is unclear. Objectives: We aimed to (1) investigate whether worsening inflammation is associated with disease progression and whether it can be used as a biomarker by comparing inflammatory markers before and after treatment with NFF and (2) verify which is a superior biomarker. Design: This was a preplanned analysis of a retrospective cohort of the NAPOLEON-2 study, a multicenter observational study. Patients from 20 institutions were enrolled. Those with unresectable pancreatic cancer who received NFF as a second-line or later-line treatment between June 1, 2020, and May 31, 2021, were included. Methods: The primary endpoint was overall survival, and the main secondary endpoint was progression-free survival. The following inflammatory markers were assessed: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, Prognostic Nutrition Index (PNI), C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR), Glasgow prognostic score (GPS), Prognostic Index (PI), and Komori score. Results: A total of 161 patients were enrolled. The CAR, NLR, GPS (1 vs 2), PI (1 vs 2), PNI, and Komori score were useful pre-NFF biomarkers (hazard ratios (HRs): 2.59, 2.28, 2.76/3.35, 2.16/18.89, 2.13, and 3.39, respectively). The CAR, NLR, GPS (compared with a score of 1/2), and PI (compared with a score of 1/2) were useful post-NFF biomarkers (HRs: 2.63, 1.88, 2.54/3.09, 2.30/5.39, respectively). In terms of the receiver operating characteristic curve and Akaike information criterion, the CAR, GPS, and PI showed favorable trends, and overall, CAR was a useful biomarker. Conclusion: Inflammatory markers can be used as biomarkers both before and after NFF treatment, and CAR may be useful. We hope these findings will contribute to the selection of appropriate treatment options.Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology, 17, pp.1-14; 2025journal articl
Investigation of long-term effects of PM2.5 on mortality and cardiovascular hospitalizations on the UK Biobank cohort
Get PDF長崎大学学位論文 [学位記番号]共博（Global Health）甲第15号 [学位授与年月日]令和7年4月24日(2025-04-24)thesi
メディアからダイエット情報を得る医療系大学生の痩身願望及びメディアの利用について
Get PDF【目的】メディアからダイエット情報を得る医療系大学生における痩身願望の現状とそのメディアの利用状況について明らかにすることを目的とした．【方法・対象】A大学医療系学部に在籍中の学生に痩身願望及びダイエットに関するメディアの利用について無記名自記式質問紙調査（Web）を行った．回答の得られた244名の内，メディアからダイエット情報を得ると回答した160名を分析対象とした．【結果】男女共にBMIの体型分類では約 8 割が「普通」に該当したが，痩身願望尺度得点（中央値）は女性31.5点，男性21.0点であり，ダイエット経験者も女性に多かった．ダイエットに関するメディアの利用について，男女共にメディアで目にした芸能人等の体型に憧れを抱く者が 9 割前後いた．テレビのダイエット特集を見たり，インターネット上の芸能人等のブログやSNSのダイエット法を真似する女性は 7 割を超え，男性よりも有意に多かった．【結論】メディアからダイエット情報を得る医療系大学生の痩身願望は女性が高かった．また，男女共にメディアで目にした芸能人等の体型に憧れていたが，インターネットやテレビで紹介されているダイエット法を見たり，実践する者は女性の方が多かった．Objective: This study aimed to investigate the drive for thinness and use of media on slimming among medical students who obtain information from the media to lose weight. Methods and Participants: A self-administered, unmarked questionnaire survey (web-based) was administered to students enrolled in the School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmacy at the university regarding their drive for thinness and use of media for weight loss. Of the 244 students who responded, 160 were included in the analysis who answered that they received information about weight loss from the media. Results: Approximately 80% of men and women were categorized as “normal” regarding the Japanese-defined body mass index (BMI) body shape classification. The median drive for thinness scale scores for women and men were 31.5 and 21.0, respectively, indicating that women were more likely to have experienced weight loss. Regarding the use of media to lose weight, approximately 90% of men and women admired the body shapes of celebrities and other individuals they saw. More than 70％ of women watched TV weight loss specials and imitated the weight-loss methods of celebrities’ blogs and online SNS, significantly more than that of men. Conclusion: Among medical students who obtain information from the media to lose weight, women were more likely to have the drive for thinness. Men and women admired the body shapes of celebrities they saw in the media, but women were more likely to follow the weight-loss methods introduced online and on televisions.保健学研究, 38, pp.11-24; 2025departmental bulletin pape
Donor lymphocyte infusion-based therapy for relapsed adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma after HLA-haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
No full textDonor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) combined with chemotherapy is an effective therapy for relapsed adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched related donor or matched unrelated donor. The 1-year incidence of ATL relapse is 28 % after HLA-haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) with post-transplant cyclophosphamide. However, the efficacy of DLI for relapsed ATL after haplo-HSCT remains unclear. Here, we present the case of a 61-year-old woman diagnosed with ATL who underwent haplo-HSCT from an HLA-haploidentical relative donor. On day +164 after transplantation, the patient experienced ATL relapse. Tacrolimus was tapered and discontinued on day +216; however, ATL progressed. Since the patient did not develop graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after the discontinuation of tacrolimus, DLI following chemotherapy was performed for relapsed ATL. The patient achieved complete remission without severe GVHD after the 6th DLI treatment. This remission has been sustained for over 15 months with 13 DLI treatments. These results suggest the potential of DLI combined with chemotherapy as a treatment option for patients with relapsed ATL after haplo-HSCT.Transplant Immunology, 92, art. no. 102262; 2025journal articl
Two-dimensional electron density imaging of nanosecond-pulsed arc plasma in supercritical CO2
No full textUntil now, the plasma parameters of supercritical (SC) fluids have remained largely unknown. In this study, two-dimensional electron density distributions were observed using Shack–Hartmann sensors for nanosecond-pulsed arc plasma in SC-CO2 (7.38 MPa) and high-pressure CO2 (1.59 MPa) generated in a 1 mm needle-to-plane electrode. The maximum electron density in SC-CO2 reached 1026 m−3, which was several times higher than that under the high-pressure CO2 (1.59 MPa), and was several-order higher than that of a typical arc discharge under vacuum (1019−22 m−3) and the atmospheric-pressure gas phase (1022−24 m−3). We investigated difference of the electron density decay characteristics between the SC and high-pressure CO2. The electron density for the SC CO2 has a longer decaying time constant than the high-pressure CO2, because the arc discharge under the SC CO2 maintains the arc temperature due to radiative re-absorption and one-order-smaller diffusion coefficient of the SC medium in contact with the plasma than that of the high-pressure phase. The results provide a database for numerical simulations of the pulsed-arc discharge in SC CO2 in the future.Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 58(25), art. no. 255203; 2025journal articl
Serotype distribution among adults with community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia in Japan between 2019 and 2022: A multicenter observational study
Get PDFStreptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adults. With the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) into pediatric national immunization programs, the serotype distribution of pneumococcal disease among adults has changed due to indirect effect. In Japan, PCV15 and PCV20 have been introduced, and PCV21 is under review for approval in adults. This multicenter observational study assessed pneumococcal serotypes in 583 adult patients with community-acquired, culture-positive pneumococcal pneumonia from May 2019 to December 2022. Pneumococcal isolates were serotyped using the Quellung reaction. The median patient age was 74 years (interquartile range: 66–82 years), 383 (65.7%) patients were male, 387 (66.4%) patients had one or more underlying medical conditions, 425 patients (72.9%) were hospitalized, and 305 (52.3%) had a CURB-65 score ≥2. The most common serotypes were serotype 3 (12.5%), 35B (12.0%), 15A (7.7%), 11A (6.7%), and 23A (6.3%). The proportion of serotypes covered by PCV13, PCV15, PCV20, PPSV23, and PCV21 were 24.0, 28.0, 43.7, 44.1, and 71.9%, respectively. The proportions of vaccine-covered serotypes were similar between patients aged <65 and ≥65 years. Serotype 3 was more prevalent among patients living in nursing homes (25.9%) compared with those living at home (11.2%). The proportions of PCV20- and PCV21-covered serotypes suggest that these new vaccines may offer additional protection against adult pneumococcal pneumonia. Given the availability of newly developed PCVs for adults in Japan, reassessing the optimal pneumococcal vaccination policy for adults is warranted.Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, 21(1), art. no. 2518847; 2025journal articl
低圧ファンの圧力PSDと後縁騒音に関する研究
Get PDFIn machine learning with training data, the predicted fan noise was underpredicted when the regression model was given actual measured values of the training data that were dissimilar to the internal flow of the fan. To solve these problems, we propose a prediction method for aerodynamic noise generated by a low-pressure fan based on machine learning of dimensionless pressure PSD. The fan noise is measured based on performance tests on actual equipment, and a numerical simulation of the flow is employed to analyze the internal flow. In the prediction of trailing-edge noise based on machine learning of the dimensionless pressure PSD, the regression model trained with high main flow velocities around the blade tip speed was closer to the measured noise level than the regression model trained on a large amount of data with different main flow velocities. The influence of the blade shape on the prediction of fan noise was found to be significant. Based on machine learning analysis, we clarified that the noise in the vicinity of the audible band generated by the axial fans was associated with the emission of the Karman vortex street.長崎大学大学院工学研究科研究報告, 55(105), pp.20-25; 2025departmental bulletin pape
Spheroid morphology of lung cancer cell lines correlates with oncological profiles
Get PDFNagasaki University (長崎大学)博士(医学)We assessed the correlation between Multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) morphology and the oncological profile of lung cancer cells. MCTS were generated in five lung cancer cell lines and classified into Type–A MCTS, which showed strong aggregation, and Type–B MCTS, which showed weak aggregation. Drug resistance was higher in Type–A MCTS, and invasive ability was higher in Type–B MCTS. The oncologic profile of lung cancer cell lines correlated with MCTS morphology. MCTS morphology could thus be used in basic oncology research and as a clinical prognostic tool.長崎大学学位論文 学位記番号:博(医歯薬)甲第1708号 学位授与年月日:令和7年6月4日Author: Kaido Oishi, Keitaro Matsumoto, Shintaro Hashimoto, Fumitake Uchida, Ryosuke Hara, Masato Nishimuta, Takamune Matsumoto, Mayumi Iwatake, Koichi Tomoshige, Ryoichiro Doi, Ryusuke Machino, Tomohiro Obata, Takeshi NagayasuCitation: Discover Oncology, 16, art. no. 627: 2025Nagasaki University (長崎大学), 博士(医学) (2025-06-04)doctoral thesi