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国際人材育成に関するイベントの企画・実施―文部科学省「大学の世界展開力強化事業」3事業による合同成果発表会を中心として―
Get PDF長崎大学グローバル連携機構活動報告, 2, pp.18-20; 2025research repor
国立大学の教養教育における音楽科目の動向と課題－シラバス分析からの考察－
Get PDFWhat is the status of music education in liberal education and what are the challenges it faces? It is extremely difficult to obtain an overview because there are very few national surveys and studies that have been completed on the subject. Thus, this paper carries out an analysis of the music syllabus in national universities across the country with the aim of shedding light on the current trends in music. The music syllabi for the 2019 academic year were collected online from targeted national universities nationwide（a total of 83 universities, excluding three graduate schools）. However, the 2019 syllabus was not available to the public in 25 of the universities, and their exclusion resulted in a final count of 58 universities. 128 syllabi were collected from the homepage of these 58 schools. The lowest number of syllabi collected from a university was 0, the most was 12, and the average was 2.2. This study adopted a qualitative approach and analyzed the data from six perspectives: lecture objectives, content, methods, evaluation, targeted school year level, and the relationship with curriculum policies and diploma policies. When analyzing these six perspectives, the following two issues emerged. First, music courses are currently very diverse, and thus there is no clear common direction for music as a subject. Second, the relationship between diploma policies and curriculum policies is difficult to see, therefore, the position of music education in liberal education is ambiguous. To overcome these challenges, it is essential to accumulate research and build the foundation for discussions.長崎大学教育学部紀要：教科教育学 通巻 第65号 (Bulletin of Faculty of Education, Nagasaki University: Curriculum and Teaching, Vol.65)長崎大学教育学部紀要, 11, pp.69-83; 2025departmental bulletin pape
科学探究的アプローチによる理科授業デザイン開発（5）―児童・生徒にとっての未知の課題の授業デザイン例―
Get PDF長崎大学教育学部紀要：教科教育学 通巻 第65号 (Bulletin of Faculty of Education, Nagasaki University: Curriculum and Teaching, Vol.65)長崎大学教育学部紀要, 11, pp.85-94; 2025departmental bulletin pape
長崎県北松浦郡小値賀町藪路木島方言の派生形容詞～―ラシカ・―ナカを中心に～
Get PDF長崎大学教育学部紀要：人文科学 通巻 第91号 (Bulletin of Faculty of Education Nagasaki University: Humanities, Vol.91)長崎大学教育学部紀要, 11, pp.131-140; 2025departmental bulletin pape
Uncovering external drivers of methane emissions in China: a multi-perspective input-output analysis of key emission sources
Get PDFAs the world’s largest methane (CH4) emitter, China’s efforts in CH4 mitigation are crucial for global climate action. Existing studies primarily focus on sector-specific internal mitigation from a production-side perspective, while understanding the external drivers of CH4 emissions from a consumption-side perspective is essential for developing effective mitigation strategies. This study establishes an integrated analytical framework combining the environmentally extended input-output (EEIO) model, structural path analysis (SPA), and structural decomposition analysis (SDA) to examine how external economic activities affect CH4 emissions from China’s key emission sources (energy and agricultural activities) between 2002 and 2017 at sectoral, supply chain, and socioeconomic levels. Our findings reveal that most energy-CH4 emissions are induced by the final demand of the construction sector through indirect paths involving multiple intermediate steps. In contrast, agricultural-CH4 emissions are largely driven directly by final demand, while a significant proportion is also induced through indirect paths by the food & tobacco sector. Additionally, several key supply chain pathways are identified as major contributors to both energy-CH4 and agriculture-CH4 emissions. The SDA results highlight that the effects of capital formation, export, and urban household consumption are the main drivers of increased CH4 emissions, while the emission intensity effect and the production structure effect play a crucial role in mitigating emission growth. Moreover, the driving mechanisms exhibit significant variations across different time periods and emission sources, particularly in oil&gas-CH4 and livestock-CH4. These findings suggest that China needs to adopt a diversified policy mix that integrates sector-specific, supply chain-wide, and socioeconomic considerations to achieve more effective CH4 mitigation.Environmental Research Communications, 7(9), art. no. 095013; 2025journal articl
Potential application of otolith Sr:Ca ratios as indicators of brown-algae feeding histories in herbivorous fishes
Get PDFBrown algae (Phaeophyceae) are the largest and most ecologically important group of marine algae, serving as habitat-forming organisms shaping coastal ecosystems. Understanding the feeding pressure exerted by herbivorous fishes on brown algae is essential for elucidating the dynamics of both coral reefs and algal forests. This study focused on the unique ability of brown algae to accumulate strontium (Sr) and tested the hypothesis that frequent consumption of brown algae elevates otolith Sr:calcium (Ca) ratios in herbivorous fishes. We analysed stomach contents and otolith Sr:Ca ratios in four sympatric species collected in southwestern Japan. Among three Kyphosus species, higher Sr:Ca ratios were associated with the frequency of brown-algae consumption. Notably, K. bigibbus, a brown-algae specialist, exhibited an exceptionally high otolith Sr:Ca ratio (0.12), far exceeding the common range of marine fishes (0.004–0.02). In K. vaigiensis, Sr:Ca ratios were high in areas where brown algae were frequently consumed, whereas they were moderate in areas where red algae were predominantly consumed. In K. cinerascens, only the latter pattern was observed. Both patterns are consistent with our hypothesis. Furthermore, the results suggest that K. bigibbus begin feeding on brown algae at approximately 1 year of age. By contrast, Siganus fuscescens exhibited Sr:Ca ratios within the common range, despite frequent feeding on brown algae, deviating from this hypothesis. Therefore, otolith Sr:Ca ratios may serve as a species-specific proxy for reconstructing feeding histories on brown algae, providing a novel tool for investigating herbivory over several decades in long-lived species.Journal of Sea Research, 208, art. no. 102633; 2025journal articl
Cord Blood RSV-Neutralizing Antibodies and Risk of Hospitalization for RSV-Associated Acute Respiratory Infection in Vietnamese Children: A Case–Cohort Study
Get PDFBackground: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children, particularly severe during infancy. Maternal RSV-specific neutralizing antibodies (nAbs), transferred via the placenta, may provide protection in early infancy, but the extent and duration of protection remain uncertain. Objective: We investigated the association between cord blood RSV-A nAb levels and the risk of hospitalization due to RSV-associated acute respiratory infection (RSV-ARI) by 24 months of age. Methods: We conducted a case–cohort study nested within a birth cohort in Nha Trang, Vietnam. From the full cohort (n = 1977), a random subcohort of 392 infants and all 66 infants hospitalized for RSV-ARI by age 24 months were included for RSV-A nAb testing. RSV-A nAb titers at birth were categorized into three groups in the subcohort (low: lowest quartile; middle; interquartile; high: highest quartile). Weighted Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for RSV-ARI hospitalization. Results: The incidence of RSV-ARI hospitalization was 17.92 per 1000 person-years by 24 months, and 25.40 per 1000 person-years among infants aged <12 months. Among infants aged <6 months, those in the low nAb group had a significantly higher risk of hospitalization compared to the middle nAb group (adjusted HR: 4.05; 95% CI: 1.51–10.89). Maternal anemia was consistently associated with increased risk. Conclusions: Lower RSV-nAb titers at birth were associated with an increased risk of RSV-ARI hospitalization during early infancy. These findings support the importance of maternal immunization strategies to enhance infant protection against RSV.Vaccines, 13(9), art. no. 963; 2025journal articl
Robotic versus laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with complete mesocolic excision using a cranial approach: a propensity score-matched retrospective cohort study
Get PDFBackground; This study aimed to compare the perioperative outcomes of robotic versus laparoscopic complete mesocolic excision (CME) and to assess the safety and feasibility of robotic CME (R-CME) for right-sided colon cancer. As part of this analysis, the feasibility and safety of the robotic approach were also evaluated. Methods; Patients who underwent right hemicolectomy with either robotic CME (R-CME, 48 patients) or laparoscopic CME (L-CME, 123 patients) between April 2016 and December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed using propensity score matching (PSM). Results; After matching, the R-CME and L-CME groups each of the 40 included patients. The R-CME group had less intraoperative blood loss (P = 0.007), a shorter median time to first flatus (P < 0.001), and a shorter median postoperative hospital stay (P = 0.012) than the L-CME group. The other surgical outcomes were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions; R-CME was associated with less blood loss, faster recovery of bowel function, and shorter hospital stay than L-CME, suggesting that robotic CME using a cranial approach may be a feasible and safe option for right-sided colon cancer. These favorable outcomes may reflect not only the general advantages of the robotic platform but also the procedural benefits of the cranial approach, which enables early vascular control and reduced bowel interference.Techniques in Coloproctology, 29, art. no. 181; 2025journal articl
Study on Performance Improvement of a Turbine of Turbocharger by Multi-objective Optimization
Get PDF長崎大学学位論文 [学位記番号]博（工）甲第161号 [学位授与年月日]令和7年8月20日(2025-08-20)thesi
Regulatory mechanism for host-cell contact-dependent T3SS gene expression in Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Get PDFMany pathogenic bacteria regulate gene expression in response to the surrounding environment to establish infection. One such mechanism is the regulation of gene expression in response to contact with host cells. Here, we show that Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a causative agent of foodborne gastroenteritis, has a host-cell contact-dependent regulatory mechanism for virulence gene expression. Type III secretion system 2 (T3SS2), an essential virulence determinant for acute gastroenteritis encoded by V. parahaemolyticus pathogenicity island (Vp-PAI), recognizes host-cell contact by sensing high intracellular K+ levels and switching its secretory substrates. The switching of secretory substrates is regulated by proteins called gatekeepers. Mutants deficient in the gatekeeper genes lose the ability to switch secretory substrates and lock their secretory state into a host-cell contact-dependent manner. Transcriptomic analysis of these mutants revealed the upregulation of Vp-PAI genes, which was dependent on T3SS2 secretory activity, suggesting the presence of a negative regulator secreted by T3SS2. Comparative proteomic analyses identified a previously unrecognized T3SS2 secretory substrate, VPA1369 (VtrN), that negatively regulates Vp-PAI gene transcription. Secretion of VtrN was promoted under conditions that mimic host-cell contact. vtrN gene deletion specifically upregulated Vp-PAI gene expression, independent of T3SS2 secretory activity, indicating its role as a repressor. VtrN interacts with VtrB, a key transcription factor for Vp-PAI genes, suppressing its transcriptional activity. This mechanism illustrates how V. parahaemolyticus enhances virulence gene expression upon host-cell contact through the T3SS2 recognition system, highlighting an adaptive strategy for establishing infection.mSystems, 10(7), art. no. e00251-25; 2025journal articl