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Development of reverse osmosis and forward osmosis membranes using track-etched filters as substrates
Get PDF長崎大学学位論文 [学位記番号]博（工）甲第156号 [学位授与年月日]令和7年3月19日(2025-03-19)thesi
Outdoor and indoor observations of PM2.5 using low-cost sensor in Akure, Nigeria
Get PDF長崎大学学位論文 [学位記番号]博（水・環）乙第17号 [学位授与年月日]令和7年2月19日(2025-02-19)thesi
Studies on proteoform diversity and tissue-specific expression of pufferfish saxitoxin and binding protein (PSTBP) homologues from genus Takifugu
Get PDF長崎大学学位論文 [学位記番号]博（水・環）甲第104号 [学位授与年月日]令和7年2月19日(2025-02-19)thesi
Importance of comprehensive nutritional assessment in predicting survival in cirrhosis
Get PDFCarteri et al reaffirmed the value of the Child-Turcotte-Pugh score in predicting survival in patients with cirrhosis. However, the lack of association with nutritional markers warrants careful interpretation. In cirrhosis, complex conditions often lead to malnutrition and individual markers may not be fully captured. Comprehensive assessments such as Subjective Global Assessment, handgrip strength, muscle mass measurements, and bioelectrical impedance analysis can improve risk stratification and inform personalized nutritional management. This letter emphasizes the need for standardized nutritional assessments for patients with cirrhosis and further research to clarify their impact on long-term outcomes, potentially improving patient care.World Journal of Hepatology , 17(5), art. no. 106606; 2025journal articl
Eye movement patterns drive stress reduction during Japanese garden viewing
Get PDFAim: The aim of this study is to clarify the role of eye movements in the reduction of physiological and psychological metrics of stress during Japanese garden viewing. Methods: We chose the well-structured Murin-an garden as a test site and a garden with similar visual elements but less well-maintained as a control site. We measured pulse rates and eye movements to monitor physiological responses. Psychological responses were tracked with the POMS2 Brief form and a short questionnaire. Results: We found that the Murin-an garden was more effective in decreasing pulse rate and improving mood. Also, in the Murin-an garden the participants’ gaze ranged more broadly across the visual field and moved more rapidly. Contrary to our expectations, in neither garden did pulse rate rise or fall based on the particular object a participant was viewing. Conclusion: Visual stimuli of a well-designed garden can elicit significant stress reduction. Our data suggest that the composition of the elements and the attention to maintenance of a garden result in viewers shifting their gaze more frequently and more quickly. These appear to be the key drivers behind the stress reduction effect. Although we had hypothesized that specific visual elements in the garden would be responsible for reducing measures of stress, our data instead suggest that it is the overall pattern of rapid horizontal eye movements, induced by the garden design, that drives the observed stress reduction. We draw an analogy between our results and the technique known as EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) whose practitioners use rapid gaze shifts to elicit stress reduction.Frontiers in Neuroscience, 19, art. no. 1581080; 2025journal articl
Effective diagnosis of cervical fracture using postmortem computed tomography and autopsy findings
Get PDFNagasaki University (長崎大学)博士(医学)A common forensic problem is cervical fractures, which sometimes need to be diagnosed only by physical examination of the body, without imaging or autopsy. Despite reports from clinical practice describing the association between cervical fractures and head injury, we could not find any analysis of autopsy cases. In addition, discussion of the cervical fracture diagnosis by postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) appears limited. This study aimed to examine autopsy and PMCT findings and explore valid methods for the diagnosis. We analyzed autopsy cases of cervical fractures during the 7 years before (2004–2010) and after (2014–2020) the PMCT introduction in our department. In 2014–2020, 67 autopsy cases with cervical fractures were recorded, of which 61 (91 %) were related to blunt injury to the head. Those with cervical fractures had a significantly higher incidence of blunt injury to the head (p 50 % of cases. Of the external forces on the neck, “extension” accounted for 82.1 %. The cervical fracture-positive rate in all autopsy cases increased significantly from 11 (4.0 %) in 2004–2010 to 67 (8.2 %) in 2014–2020 (p = 0.021). From December 2015 to December 2020, when “cervical retroflexion” imaging was actively performed in PMCT, the cervical fracture diagnosis rate increased significantly from 57.1 % in the cervical normal position to 81.0 % with the addition of “cervical retroflexion” position (p = 0.021). Blunt head injury and PMCT in the “cervical retroflexion” position may be useful in the diagnosis of cervical fractures.長崎大学学位論文 学位記番号:博(医歯薬)甲第1662号 学位授与年月日:令和7年3月5日Author: Yoriko Shinba, Yuki Abe, Takanori Kohyama, Masahide Mitsuma, Hiromi Yamashita, Takehiko Murase, Kazuya IkematsuCitation: Legal Medicine, 72, art. no. 102555; 2024Nagasaki University (長崎大学), 博士(医学) (2025-03-05)doctoral thesi
(Epi)genetic and clinical characteristics in 84 patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1B
Get PDFNagasaki University (長崎大学)博士(医学)Objective: Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1B (PHP1B) caused by methylation defects of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) on the GNAS locus can be categorized into groups according to etiologies and methylation defect patterns of the DMRs. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical characteristics of each group. Design: Comprehensive molecular analyses consisting of methylation, copy number, and microsatellite analyses. Methods: Eighty-four patients with PHP1B were included in this study. We classified them into 5 groups, namely, autosomal dominant inheritance-PHP1B (Group 1, G1), sporadic-PHP1B (G2), and atypical-PHP1B (G3-G5), based on the methylation defect patterns in 4 DMRs on the GNAS locus and etiologies and evaluated the clinical findings in each group and compared them among the groups. Results: G2 had the youngest age and the highest serum intact parathyroid hormone levels among the 5 groups at the time of diagnosis. The most common symptoms at the time of diagnosis were tetany in G1, and seizures or loss of consciousness in G2. Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy and PHP-suggestive features were most frequently observed in the G2 proband. Nine patients had neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs) consisting of mild to borderline intellectual disability and/or developmental delay. There were no significant correlations between the average methylation ratios of 7 CpG sites in the GNAS-A/B:TSS-DMR and hormonal and biochemical findings. Conclusion: This study revealed the differences in some clinical characteristics, particularly clinical features, and ages at the time of diagnosis between G2 and other groups and detailed NDs observed in some patients with PHP1B.長崎大学学位論文 学位記番号:博(医歯薬)甲第1685号 学位授与年月日:令和7年3月19日Author: Tatsuki Urakawa, Shinichiro Sano, Sayaka Kawashima, Akie Nakamura, Hirohito Shima, Motoki Ohta, Yuki Yamada, Ai Nishida, Hiromune Narusawa, Yoshiaki Ohtsu, Keiko Matsubara, Sumito Dateki, Yoshihiro Maruo, Maki Fukami, Tsutomu Ogata, Masayo KagamiCitation: European Journal of Endocrinology, 189(6), pp.590–600; 2023Nagasaki University (長崎大学), 博士(医学) (2025-03-19)doctoral thesi
Importance of the early phase of orthodontic force application in the induction of root resorption
Get PDFNagasaki University (長崎大学)博士(歯学)Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of early and short-term administration of lithium (Li) during orthodontic force application (OFA) in preventing orthodontically induced root resorption (OIRR) and verify the importance of the early phase of OFA in the induction of OIRR. Materials and Methods: Bilateral maxillary first molars of 10-week-old male Wistar rats were moved for 14 days using a closed coil spring inserted between the first molar and the incisor. The rats were randomly grouped into three groups: a group receiving Li for the first 4 days, a group receiving Li daily for 14 days, and a control group receiving a vehicle (saline). Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) was measured using microcomputed tomography on day 14. The OIRR, osteoclasts, and odontoclasts were evaluated via histological analysis. Immunohistochemical staining for the receptor-activated NF-kB ligand and osteoprotegerin was also performed. Results: The OTM distance did not differ among the three groups, and the pattern of OTM changed from tipping to bodily movement for both Li groups. Early and short-term administration of Li suppressed OIRR on day 14 as effectively as long-term administration for 14 days. The observed odontoclasts on days 4 and 14 were significantly reduced in both Li groups. Osteoprotegerin expression was significantly increased on day 14 in both groups receiving Li relative to the vehicle group. Conclusions: Early and short-term Li administration effectively suppressed OIRR. This suggests that the early phase of OFA plays an important role in the induction of OIRR.長崎大学学位論文 学位記番号:博(医歯薬)甲第1686号 学位授与年月日:令和7年3月19日Author: Mariko Funaki-Dohi, Yuka Hotokezaka, Hitoshi Hotokezaka, Yukako Nashiro-Oyakawa, Takeshi Moriishi, Mizuki Ohama, Yosuke Iuchi, Takuya Nakamura, Kie Nishioka-Sakamoto, Noriaki YoshidaCitation: The Angle Orthodontist, 95(3), pp.323-331; 2025Nagasaki University (長崎大学), 博士(歯学) (2025-03-19)doctoral thesi
Efficacy of Pembrolizumab as Second or Third-line Therapy for Local Advanced and Metastatic Urothelial Cancer
Get PDFBackground/Aim: Pembrolizumab is widely used as second-line (2L) chemotherapy for unresectable advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC). While its anticancer effects are known, survival data, particularly on metastatic status, remain limited. Studies on pembrolizumab efficacy, including survival analyses in third- or later-line (≥3L) settings, are also scarce. This study analyzes pembrolizumab efficacy in locally advanced or metastatic UC in ≥2L settings to provide insights for optimizing treatment sequencing and patient management. Patients and Methods: This retrospective study evaluated the cytoreductive effects and survival outcomes of pembrolizumab as 2L or ≥3L treatment in 113 UC patients. Objective response rates (ORRs) were calculated for all patients and separately for 2L and ≥3L treatment groups. Results: The ORRs were 23.0%, 21.8%, and 26.9% for the entire cohort, 2L treatment group, and ≥3L treatment group, respectively, with no significant intergroup differences. The median OS of total patients was 12.2 months, with no significant difference between the 2L and 3L treatment groups (p=0.120). The OS was significantly shorter in patients with liver metastasis than in those without (p=0.004), whereas no significant OS differences were found among patients with lymph node, bone, and lung metastases. Patients with lymph node-only or single-site metastasis had significantly longer OS than did those with distant-organ or multiple-site metastases. Conclusion: Pembrolizumab offered similar efficacy as 2L and ≥3L therapy in advanced UC, supporting use beyond second-line settings. In addition, metastasis, specifically distant metastasis and liver involvement, predicted poorer OS of advanced UC patients under pembrolizumab. These findings support more informed patient selection and treatment sequencing in real-world care.Anticancer research, 45(6), pp.2563-2573; 2025journal articl
One-Step Formation Method of Plasmid DNA-Loaded, Extracellular Vesicles-Mimicking Lipid Nanoparticles Based on Nucleic Acids Dilution-Induced Assembly
Get PDFNagasaki University (長崎大学)博士(薬学)We propose a nucleic acids dilution-induced assembly (NADIA) method for the preparation of lipid nanoparticles. In the conventional method, water-soluble polymers such as nucleic acids and proteins are mixed in the aqueous phase. In contrast, the NADIA method, in which self-assembly is triggered upon dilution, requires dispersion in an alcohol phase without precipitation. We then investigated several alcohols and discovered that propylene glycol combined with sodium chloride enabled the dispersion of plasmid DNA and protamine sulfate in the alcohol phase. The streamlined characteristics of the NADIA method enable the preparation of extracellular vesicles-mimicking lipid nanoparticles (ELNPs). Among the mixing methods using a micropipette, a syringe pump, and a microfluidic device, the lattermost was the best for decreasing batch-to-batch differences in size, polydispersity index, and transfection efficiency in HepG2 cells. Although ELNPs possessed negative ζ-potentials and did not have surface antigens, their transfection efficiency was comparable to that of cationic lipoplexes. We observed that lipid raft-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis contributed to the transfection of ELNPs. Our strategy may overcome the hurdles linked to supply and quality owing to the low abundance and heterogeneity in cell-based extracellular vesicles production, making it a reliable and scalable method for the pharmaceutical manufacture of such complex formulations.長崎大学学位論文 学位記番号:博(医歯薬)甲第1692号 学位授与年月日:令和7年3月19日Author: Kazuya Okami, Shintaro Fumoto, Mana Yamashita, Moe Nakashima, Hirotaka Miyamoto, Shigeru Kawakami and Koyo NishidaCitation: Cells, 13(14), art. no. 1183; 2024Nagasaki University (長崎大学), 博士(薬学) (2025-03-19)doctoral thesi