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Genes with altered expression by 5-Aza treatment in myeloid leukemia cells through methylation in intron 1
Get PDF5-Azacitidine (5-Aza) is a hypomethylating agent with demonstrated therapeutic efficacy for myeloid leukemia. The aim of this study was to identify the genes that mediate the cell killing effect of 5-Aza against leukemia cells through their expression changes and DNA demethylation. RNA sequencing revealed 54 genes with increased transcription levels in both SKM-1 and KG-1a myeloid leukemia cell lines treated with 5-Aza. Long read sequencing revealed 79 genes in which intron 1 exhibited significant DNA demethylation after 5-Aza treatment. Forty-three genes showed both increased gene expression and DNA demethylation in intron 1 in cells treated with 5-Aza. Enrichment signaling pathway analysis demonstrated that genes were associated with “amino acid metabolism,” “neutrophil degranulation,” and “DNA damage response”. We evaluated the prognostic impacts of the 43 genes in acute myeloid leukemia patients using TCGA database. The results revealed that two genes (HDC and MICALL2) with increased expression in leukemia cells after 5-Aza treatment were associated with better overall survival, while six genes (BTG2, CD52, PECAM1, PIK3IP1, PTGS2, and TREML2) correlated with worse overall survival. This study revealed that the epigenetic regulation by DNA demethylation in intron 1 has an important role of 5-Aza treatment in myeloid leukemia cells, and suggests novel targets for the development of combination therapy with 5-Aza.Leukemia Research, 158, art. no. 108112; 2025journal articl
Continuing to be cautious: Japanese contact patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic and their association with public health recommendations
Get PDFDespite implementing no lockdowns and having a large elderly population, Japan had a low mortality rate due to COVID-19 compared to Europe and North America. The extent to which policies impacted person-to-person contact remains unclear. In this study, we examined changes in contact patterns and their association with behaviors and governmental recommendations in Japan during the pandemic. Ten social contact surveys were conducted between 2021 and 2023 reaching over 1500 participants per survey in Osaka and Fukuoka prefectures where governmental recommendations were first implemented due to high COVID-19 incidence. Their contact patterns were assessed through their demographic characteristics, COVID-19 vaccination status, and individual disease mitigation measures. Generalized linear models were used to identify factors associated with increased contacts. The mean number of contacts during the pandemic declined by at least 49.8% (8.2 weekday contacts and 6.0 weekend contacts per individual, adjusted by age and sex) compared to a study conducted prior to 2020. Weekdays, occupation, larger household sizes, and mask wearing were associated with a higher number of contacts. The frequency and duration of contacts were negatively associated with the issuance of COVID-19 governmental measures, yet the relative change in contacts was not as prominent as pre- and post-lockdown situations in the United Kingdom. There was a gradual increase in contacts with time and less strict public health recommendations. Yet, contacts that did not increase with uptake of COVID-19 vaccination and continuous mask wearing depict cautious behavior across the survey population during the pandemic and into 2023. These results are in contrast with European countries where contacts largely increased among vaccinated individuals compared to the non-vaccinated. Social contacts are country and context specific, highlighting the need for data collection across different communities.PLOS Global Public Health, 5, art. no. e0004600; 2025journal articl
Unraveling Challenges in the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi and Hepatitis B Virus Program in the Gran Chaco Region of Argentina and Paraguay: a mixed-methods study
Get PDF長崎大学学位論文 [学位記番号]博（Global Health）甲第21号 [学位授与年月日]令和7年9月19日(2025-09-19)thesi
STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCEMENT OF THE PERFORMANCE OF THE COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIZATIONS FOR AGED CARE IN HAI DUONG PROVINCE, VIETNAM
Get PDF長崎大学学位論文 [学位記番号]博（IIPH）甲第2号 [学位授与年月日]令和7年9月19日(2025-09-19)thesi
Activation of the α7nAChR by GTS-21 mitigates septic tubular cell injury and modulates macrophage infiltration
Get PDF長崎大学学位論文 [学位記番号]博（医歯薬）甲第1723号 [学位授与年月日]令和7年9月19日(2025-09-19)thesi
中小製造業における監視カメラとAIを活用した作業動作の改善に関する研究
Get PDF長崎大学学位論文 [学位記番号]博（工）甲第164号 [学位授与年月日]令和7年9月19日(2025-09-19)thesi
ハタ科魚類の養殖に向けた繁殖特性および人工授精技術に関する研究
Get PDF長崎大学学位論文 [学位記番号]博（水・環）甲第110号 [学位授与年月日]令和7年9月19日(2025-09-19)thesi
Emotional analysis of operating room nurses in acute care hospitals in Japan: insights using ChatGPT
Get PDFAim: This study aimed to explore the emotions of operating room nurses in Japan towards perioperative nursing using generative AI and human analysis, and to identify factors contributing to burnout and turnover. Methods: A single-center cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2023 to February 2024, involving semi-structured interviews with 10 operating room nurses from a national hospital in Japan. Interview transcripts were analyzed using generative AI (ChatGPT-4o) and human researchers for thematic, emotional, and subjectivity analysis. A comparison between AI and human analysis was performed, and data visualization techniques, including keyword co-occurrence networks and cluster analysis, were employed to identify patterns and relationships. Results: Key themes such as patient care, surgical safety, and nursing skills were identified through thematic analysis. Emotional analysis revealed a range of tones, with AI providing an efficient overview and human researchers capturing nuanced emotional insights. High subjectivity scores indicated deeply personal reflections. Keyword co-occurrence networks and cluster analysis highlighted connections between themes and distinct emotional experiences. Conclusions: Combining generative AI with human expertise offered nuanced insights into the emotions of operating room nurses. The findings emphasize the importance of emotional support, effective communication, and safety protocols in improving nurse well-being and job satisfaction. This hybrid approach can help address emotional challenges, reduce burnout, and enhance retention rates. Future research with larger and more diverse samples is needed to validate these findings and explore the broader applications of AI in healthcare.BMC Nursing, 24(1), art. no. 30; 2025journal articl
Barriers and facilitators for treatment-seeking among women with genital fistula: a facility-based qualitative study in Bangladesh
Get PDFBackground: Women living with genital fistula often endure prolonged suffering and face multiple barriers to accessing treatment. Bangladesh’s government has enhanced referral mechanisms, enabling case detection in communities and facilitating surgical interventions at medical college hospitals through nationwide initiatives. However, research on barriers and facilitators for fistula treatment in Bangladesh remains limited. Detailed insights into treatment-seeking paths with time sequences are scarce. This study aimed to explore facilitators and barriers to completing fistula treatment with the description of treatment-seeking paths. This study is important to assist with future policy and program strategies for fistula treatment. Methods: A facility-based qualitative study was conducted at Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data were collected from February to May 2024 through 18 in-depth interviews (IDIs) with in-patients, five IDIs with families, and 11 key informant interviews with health service providers. Participants’ treatment-seeking paths were described chronologically and identified patterns of treatment-seeking paths. Thematic analysis, guided by the Partners for Applied Social Sciences model for health-seeking behavior and access to care, was used to analyze case histories. Results: The average duration of treatment-seeking by the women was 39 months, with a maximum of 22 years. Women with fistula often sought care at multiple facilities (up to eight), suspended treatment, and encountered systemic obstacles that delayed treatment. Key barriers included scarce information on illness and treatment in the community, less decision-making power, failure of medical communication, and systemic failures in cost, treatment, and referral systems. Facilitators that motivated women to complete treatment included informal peer support through shared treatment experiences and emotional, physical, and financial support. Conclusions: Analysis of treatment-seeking paths revealed the absence of standardized treatment routes for women with fistula. To ensure effective care, raising societal awareness about fistula, improving treatment and referral systems, enhancing medical communication, and providing peer and emotional support are strongly recommended.Tropical Medicine and Health, 53(1), art. no. 34; 2025journal articl