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Mechanical Stress Via Muscle Contractile Exercise Suppresses Atrophic Alterations of Bone-microstructure in Immobilized Rat Femurs
Get PDFNagasaki University (長崎大学)博士(医学)Objectives: This study aimed to determine whether mechanical stress via muscle contractile exercise with belt electrodeskeletal muscle electrical stimulation (B-SES) device effectively prevents immobilization-induced bone atrophy. Methods: Wistar rats were randomly divided into the control (CON) group, immobilization (IM) group (immobilized treatment only), HES and LES groups (immobilized treatment and high or low-intensity electrical muscular stimulation through B-SES device). Bilateral femurs were used for X-ray micro-CT and biomechanical tests. Results: The maximum load value was significantly lower in the IM and HES groups than in the CON group and significantly higher in the LES group than in the IM group. The maximum crushing load was significantly lower in the IM, HES, and LES groups than in the CON group, and significantly higher in the HES and LES groups than that in the IM group. In micro-CT, the mechanical stress by B-SES device did not affect degenerative microstructural changes in the cortical bo e, but prevented those changes in the cancellous bone. Conclusions: Applying mechanical stress via B-SES device suppressed the loss of cancellous bone density and degenerative microstructural changes caused by immobilization, which in turn suppressed the reduction of bone strength. From these findings, muscle contractile exercise may be effective in preventing immobilization-induced bone atrophy.長崎大学学位論文 学位記番号:博(医歯薬)甲第1693号 学位授与年月日:令和7年3月19日Author: Yasuhiro Kajiwara, Yuichiro Honda, Ayumi Takahashi, Natsumi Tanaka, Hironobu Koseki, Junya Sakamoto, Minoru OkitaCitation: Journal of Musculoskeletaland Neuronal Interactions, 24(1), pp.22-30; 2024Nagasaki University (長崎大学), 博士(医学) (2025-03-19)doctoral thesi
Incidence of Coronavirus Disease 2019‐Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis and Specialist Involvement in Its Diagnosis in Japan: A Nationwide Survey and Literature Review
No full textBackground: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) has been reported worldwide. However, studies in Japan are limited, and no study has evaluated the relationship between the incidence of CAPA and specialist involvement in its diagnosis. Objectives: We aimed to obtain new epidemiological data on CAPA in Japan and evaluate the relationship between the incidence of CAPA and specialist involvement in its diagnosis. Methods: A survey was conducted among chief physicians at 760 training hospitals with at least 100 beds and accredited by the Japanese Respiratory Society or the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases. Critical patients with COVID-19 diagnosed with CAPA between 1 January 2020 and 31 August 2023 were analysed. A literature review was conducted to evaluate the correlations between the incidence of CAPA and galactomannan (GM) testing and positivity rates. Results: Responses were obtained from 221 of the 760 hospitals (29.1%). The incidence of CAPA was 0.67% (69/10,276). Hospitals with patients with CAPA had significantly more pulmonologists and infectious disease specialists than those without patients with CAPA. A strong positive correlation was observed between the incidence of CAPA and the number of pulmonologists per critical patient with COVID-19 (r = 0.824, p < 0.001). The literature review showed that bronchoalveolar lavage fluid GM testing rate was a strong positive correlation with the incidence of CAPA (r = 0.527, p = 0.014). Conclusions: For the diagnosis of CAPA, its recognition by specialists primarily involved in managing critical patients with COVID-19 seems essential.Mycoses, 68(6), art. no. e70077; 2025journal articl
The Impact of Celebrity Fund Managers on Investors: A Study on the Protection of Investors’ Rights in Public Mutual Funds
Get PDFThe pivotal role of public funds in the capital market necessitates their sound operation, as it directly influences investor interests and market health. Star fund managers, with their highprofile status, have a profound impact on market dynamics and investor behavior, potentially inciting herd effects that can undermine market stability. This study employs behavioral finance theory to juxtapose the herd behavior of leading public funds in 2014 and 2024, shedding light on the imperatives of investor protection. The research delves into the multifaceted influence of star fund managers on investors, the shortcomings of the investor protection mechanisms for public funds, and strategies for the industry to mitigate the issues associated with star fund managers. The findings indicate that the herd effect has intensified, with market stability being significantly influenced by the actions of leading funds, and the decisions of star fund managers have been shown to affect market volatility and the rights and interests of investors. To address these challenges, recommendations are made for bolstering regulatory oversight, enhancing governance, and improving investor education, thereby laying the groundwork for effective regulatory strategies. The growth of public funds scales with the rise in residents’income and the proliferation of social media, which, in turn, adversely affects the protection of investors’rights and interests. The study highlights deficiencies in the protection mechanism, such as the reliance on fund companies for investor education and the lack of sufficient risk warnings. Furthermore, the research acknowledges the limitations in data analysis methods and the insufficiency in information mining, which are critical areas for future improvement.長崎大学経済学部研究年報, 41, pp.1-28; 2025departmental bulletin pape
PorA of the type IX secretion is a ligand of the PorXY two-component regulatory system in Porphyromonas gingivalis
Get PDF長崎大学学位論文 [学位記番号]博（医歯薬）甲第1712号 [学位授与年月日]令和7年6月4日(2025-06-04)thesi
長崎大学文教キャンパス内のバナナトラップで捕獲された甲虫類
Get PDFBanana traps were placed at 10 locations in the Bunkyo Campus of Nagasaki University from July to October 2024 to survey beetles. A total of 185 individuals of 6 families and 12 species of beetles were identified. Of these, 154 sap-feeding beetles (Protaetia orientalis, Rhomborrhina japonica, Agrypnus binodulus binodulus, Protaetia brevitarsis, Dorcus rectus, Glischrochilus (Librodor) japonius, Prosopocoilus inclinatus, and Gametis jucunda) accounted for about 84% of the total number of beetles. Protaetia orientalis, the most abundant with 66% of the total, was taken most often immediately after banana replenishment, with multiple individuals per a trap collected; it was collected in large numbers during August and September but was no longer caught until October 3.長崎県生物学会誌, 96, pp.1-8; 2025journal articl
Healed Perforated Corneal Ulcers in Human
Get PDFThis study investigates the pathophysiological process of healed perforated corneal ulcers (HPCUs) in humans. All subjects underwent keratoplasty due to opacities or leakage from HPCUs. Half of each specimen was fixed with 4% glutaraldehyde for transmission electron microscope (TEM) examination. The other half was fixed in 10% formaldehyde for immunofluorescence (IF) examination. TEM identified layered structures with two cell types (polygonal and elongated) connected by gap or adherent junctions during early stage of healing. Both apoptotic and mitotic changes were found in both types of cells. There were no endothelial cells or Descemet’s membrane (DM) present in early stage of healing. During the intermediate stage, the healed area comprised three layers: epithelium, Bowman’s layer, and stroma, with an increase in stromal collagen. Later, adjacent endothelial cells crept in, forming DM and completing the cornea’s 5-layer structure. IF examinations revealed that vimentin+ and α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA)+ myofibroblasts gathered around the damaged site. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen+ cells, which indicated cell proliferation, were found in both cells. Anti-phospho-histone H2AX antibodies were found in some epithelial cells. CK14-positive cells were only found in superficial polygonal cells. Corneal wound healing is a complex process that includes apoptosis, cell migration, mitosis, differentiation, and extracellular matrix remodeling.Life, 15(6), art. no. 939; 2025journal articl
Performance evaluation of a newly developed portable FAIMS instrument for atmospheric trace gas detection
No full textThis study aims to evaluate a newly developed portable field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) instrument for the detection of atmospheric trace gases. This instrument has a custom atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source and an interdigitated comb structure using a silicon-on-insulator micro-electro-mechanical system for miniaturization. The performance of the FAIMS instrument has been tested with several key atmospheric trace gases, including ammonia (NH3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), α-pinene, carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2). The changes in the FAIMS spectra in a positive corona discharge were successfully observed for different concentrations of NH3 and α-pinene, whereas those in a negative corona discharge were observed for different concentrations of NO2, SO2, α-pinene, CO, and CO2. The detection limits for NH3, NO2, SO2, H2S, and α-pinene were estimated to be 0.1, 0.2, 0.2, 200, and 4 ppb, respectively. Although humidity was found to influence the signal intensities for the detections of NH3 and SO2, these influences can be removed by normalizing these signals with the reactant ion signals under moderate and high humidity conditions above 8.5 g/m3, which corresponds to a relative humidity of 41.5 % at 25C. Reasonable temporal variations in ambient NH3 concentrations, ranging from sub-ppb to a few ppb, were successfully obtained during a 17-day preliminary field test at an industrial site in Japan. This research demonstrates that the FAIMS instrument is applicable for the real-time and mobile measurements of multiple gases, particularly NH3, NO2, and SO2, under typical ambient concentrations and is promising for a variety of air quality monitoring applications.Journal of Environmental Management, 395, art. no. 127758; 2025journal articl
A Study on Supply Chain Management Innovation in Japan: Addressing Issues and Driving DX in the Logistics Industry
No full textThe Japanese logistics industry is facing growing challenges such as the labor shortage and enforcement of the “Work Style Reform Act,” making it difficult to sustain traditional domestic supply chains. In particular, the trucking industry, or the land transportation sector, has been subject to restrictions for overtime work since April 2024, leading to the so-called “2024 problem.” Trucking companies (including pickup truck companies) are struggling to find a middle ground between work style reform and the severe shortage of truck drivers amid the increase in cargo. To address such challenges as well as to streamline logistics operations and achieve operational reform, the Japanese government set up the “Ministerial Conference on Innovation in Logistics in Japan” to hold discussions among relevant parties in both the public and private sectors. The group consists of members representing governmental agencies, various industry groups, and logistics companies (e.g., trucking companies). This study first clarifies the definitions and relationships among the terms “information technology (IT),” “information and communication technology (ICT),” “digital transformation (DX),” “logistics information platform (LIP),” and “trade information platform (TIP).” We will then discuss the current state and challenges of the logistics industry, which is an important component of Japan’s supply chain. This paper will also look closely at LIPs that aim to bring about innovation such as optimization, enhanced efficiency, visualization, and improved productivity of logistics operations.長崎大学経済学部創立120周年記念論文集経営と経済, 105(1-2), pp.37-76; 2025departmental bulletin pape