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Kim_SocSciMed_2016_AqDO - Panczak - 65z92
No full textAttempting a reproduction of the paper: Kim Y, Radoias V (2016) Education, individual time preferences, and asymptomatic disease detection. Social Science & Medicine 150, 15-22, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.11.051.
Preregistration has been completed post-analysis
Development of a Military-Specific Transdiagnostic Eating-Disorder Survey and Screening Tool in a Nationally Representative Sample of Veterans
No full textDespite the seriousness of eating disorders (EDs) among active-duty and veteran populations, there are currently no tools developed for use in military personnel or veterans to screen for possible EDs. Thus, there is a critical need to develop screening tools to identify and refer veterans with EDs for treatment. Our central hypothesis is that an integrated transdiagnostic framework for assessing EDs will lead to improvements in the ability to identify veterans who are most at-risk for poor post-discharge psychosocial adjustment who need referral to treatment services. Our preliminary data strongly supported our hypothesis, specifically the need for transdiagnostic screening tools to accurately identify disordered eating in veterans. To address this need, we created a self-report measure – the Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory (EPSI) – that has been shown to more comprehensively measure disordered eating concerns in both men and women. Our preliminary data showed that veterans’ scores on certain EPSI scales were higher than outpatients being treated for an ED. Moreover, our previous work in civilians with EDs showed that by combining the EPSI with a proven measure of depression, anxiety, and trauma (the Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms – II [IDAS-II]), we were able to predict future recovery and psychosocial adjustment at three and six-month follow-up. Although the EPSI and IDAS-II represent potentially useful screening measures, the total number of items across these measures is 144, which is too long for screening purposes. Thus, our primary objective was to create a short-form screening tool based on the EPSI and IDAS-II to identify veterans who may have an eating, mood, anxiety, or trauma disorder. Secondary objectives were to: 1) test relationships among eating, mood, anxiety, trauma, and substance misuse in the first six months following discharge and 2) conduct interviews in a subset of 100 veterans on perceived institutional/organizational barriers to obtaining ED and trauma-related treatment during active duty. Objectives were achieved through two studies. Study 1: Veterans (N=1,000) completed the EPSI and IDAS-II at four time points. We assessed the reliability and validity of these measures in veterans and develop a short-form screener. Study 2: Veterans (N=400) completed our new shorter form and we tested whether our screen can identify true cases of eating, mood, anxiety, and trauma disorders. Post-9/11 veterans (discharged in 2018-2019) were recruited from the VA/DoD Identity Repository
An emic way of examining morality based on Moral Foundations Theory: development and validation of the Moral Foundations Patterns Questionnaire in Japan
No full textHow should morality be measured in a cross-cultural context? Although Moral Foundations Theory combines etic (universal) and emic (local) concepts, existing measures are largely etic. Therefore, we proposed an emic approach for measuring etic constructs of MFT, introduced a new construct, Moral Foundations Patterns, and developed the Moral Foundations Patterns Questionnaire (MFPQ) in Japan. We conducted five studies to develop and validate the MFPQ (total N = 2,161), using two different sampling platforms to diversify sample characteristics. We showed MFPQ has adequate reliability and validity. Finally, we discussed how this emic MFPQ can be applied in cross-cultural research and argued that MFPQ can contribute to the stringent tests of the Moral Foundations Theory's key claims and support cross-cultural comparisons of its construct
Culture sets us apart: Cultural evolution as a solution to the challenges of social relationships
No full textHumans are a social species, relying on a complex network of long-term relationships and cooperation to tackle ecological problems such as obtaining resources, safety and procreation. This rich sociality is as demanding as it is rewarding; while affiliation and status are intrinsically valuable, securing these benefits requires significant cognitive effort, material investment, compromise, and vigilance. Common views of cultural evolution and innovations often frame social interactions either as a vehicle to transmit knowledge across generations, or as a cooperation problem to be solved. I propose that culture evolves to directly address the challenges and costs inherent in social relationships. Cultural innovations help facilitate social interactions by making them more predictable and regular, and promoting independence and flexibility. Predictability can be achieved through centralized social events and experiences, such as rituals and stories, and through institutions and norms. Independence is promoted by technologies that enable individuals to carry out tasks on their own, and by substituting some of the benefits associated with social relationships. In all cases cultural innovations success can be evaluated by the way they meet the needs and offset the costs of social interactions. This view can explain the adaptive interactions between cultural innovations and social relationships
Attorney Evaluations of In-Group vs. Out-Group Questioning Strategies for Child Witnesses
No full textTo examine how trial attorneys evaluate the quality and effectiveness of different question types
posed to child witnesses, and whether these evaluations vary as a function of the attorney
asking the questions (prosecutor vs. defense) and the evaluator’s own role (in-group vs.
out-group)
Scoping Review of Software-Based Cognitive Interventions for Mild to Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): Methodological Trends, Effect Sizes, and Evaluation Standards
No full textThis project is a scoping review of the peer-reviewed literature on software-based interventions designed to improve cognitive functioning in individuals with mild to moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI). The review aims to map the range of digital or computer-assisted cognitive training programs that have been evaluated in empirical studies, characterize the methodological features of these investigations (e.g., sample sizes, outcome domains, and study design), and assess the extent to which effect sizes and evaluation metrics are reported consistently.
A central goal is to identify areas of promise as well as gaps in the existing evidence base, especially with regard to outcome heterogeneity and the need for standardized evaluation frameworks in cognitive rehabilitation post-TBI. The findings of this review will be used to inform future research design, translational clinical protocols, and policy recommendations regarding the use of digital therapeutics in neurorehabilitation contexts.
This protocol will follow PRISMA-ScR guidelines and will incorporate charting of intervention types, measurement instruments, duration and intensity of training, and reported outcome effects. Exploratory discussion will be devoted to how effect sizes are reported and interpreted in the context of neurological diversity, and what standards might guide field-wide assessment practices in the future
Spatial Perception in Architectural Transitions: A psychometric study of the Compression-Expansion effect in ceiling-height
No full textWe constantly move between rooms, transitioning between spaces with different spatial features. When entering a high-ceilinged space through a lower one, we experience the compression-expansion effect, a well-established architectural principle long used to amplify perceived spaciousness. Despite its prominence in architectural theory and practice, the underlying perceptual psychometrics remain poorly understood. Here we identify and specify the psychometric function governing how sequential changes in ceiling height shape spatial perception. Using immersive virtual reality with freely moving participants, we manipulated room-height ratios and asked participants to adjust perceived room height following exposure to a preceding space. Perception followed a nonlinear sigmoid function rather than geometric scaling, revealing a marked asymmetry: height reductions were perceptually undershot by 33.45% (ratio 0.8), and equivalent increases were overshot by 12.11% (ratio 1.2). These dynamics align with predictive accounts of perception and parallel serial dependence effects in vision, indicating that architectural experience is temporally extended and shaped by prior spatial context. We provide the first quantitative characterization of the compression–expansion effect, transforming a long-standing design principle into an evidence-based model with implications for human experience, material efficiency, and sustainable architectural practice
