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Distinct effects of target individuation and target report method in multiple-object tracking
No full textThis project examines the mechanisms underlying multiple-object tracking (MOT) and their role in visually guided action. MOT requires observers to track several identical moving targets among distractors and is widely used to study attention in dynamic visual environments. Many theories have been proposed to explain how individuals track multiple moving objects at once, though most do not address how MOT supports coordinated action. One influential account (Pylyshyn's Visual Index Theory) proposes that MOT relies on an item individuation mechanism that assigns spatial indexes to targets, allowing their locations to be accessed directly and used to guide action.
In support of this theory, previous dual-task studies combining MOT with visually guided touch have revealed differential interference, whereby tracking accuracy and touch latencies depend on whether a target or a distractor is touched during tracking. However, prior work confounded this interpretation with response overlap, as participants used manual responses both during tracking and to report MOT targets. The present study extends this initial finding by manipulating the method used to report MOT targets. Participants perform MOT either alone or concurrently with a visually guided touch task in which they must touch items that change colour during tracking. Target report method varies between groups: participants report targets either by touching them or by verbally reporting letters associated with target locations. These report methods differ in motor demands while holding task structure constant.
The primary objective is to determine whether differential interference persists across report methods or depends on response overlap. Secondary analyses assess the effect of report method on general dual-task interference. Results inform theoretical accounts of item individuation, attention, and action planning
The role of microRNA in the behaviour of periodontal ligament stem cells and stem cells from the apical papilla: a systematic review
No full textThis registration contains the protocol for the systematic review entitled "The role of microRNA in the behaviour of periodontal ligament stem cells and stem cells from the apical papilla: a systematic review"
Artificial Intelligence Applications for Patient Safety in Critical Care Units: A Scoping Review Protocol
No full textGratitude in romantic couples: An experiment to investigate the relevance of the depth of gratitude for individual and relational well-being.
No full textNURSING CARE IN THE PREVENTION OF STROKE RELATED TO CLIMATIC VARIABLES: A SCOPING REVIEW
No full textThis study aims to map nursing care interventions focused on preventing the effects of climatic variables that impact the incidence of stroke
Implementation Fidelity and Adaptation in Complex Community-Based Health Interventions: A Scoping Review Protocol
No full textAttention as a Solution Class to Optimization under Constraint
No full textMany contemporary scholars have called for abandoning the term "attention," arguing that it has been applied so broadly that it can no longer refer to a single underlying mechanism. This article asserts that attention need not refer to one mechanism, but rather comprises a solution class to the cognitive system's most fundamental problem: how to maximize performance objectives, given inherent biological and environmental constraints. With this perspective, separate solutions may be implemented simultaneously across multiple functional domains, such as perception, decision-making, and learning. Here, a taxonomy of attentional solutions was extracted through focused review of findings from model-based cognitive neuroscience, a field predicated on mathematical formalization and simultaneous consideration of behavioral performance (i.e. objectives) and process-level neurophysiological markers (i.e. biologically-constrained resources). The goal of this review is thus to reify attention while embracing its plurality, offering a framework whereby attentional solutions can be proposed, evaluated, and falsified in the context of system-level objectives and constraints
Reduced social attention towards negative images in autism
No full textReduced visual attention to social stimuli in autism is often attributed to diminished social reward sensitivity. However, most evidence comes from research using positive content (e.g. smiling faces), making it unclear whether reduced social attention generalises to negative social scenes. If group differences persist when social stimuli are negative, this would challenge purely reward-based explanations. We tested whether autistic adults show reduced preferential attention to negative social stimuli.
Autistic (n=30) and non-autistic (n=51) adults completed a preferential looking task in which negative social and non-social images were presented side-by-side while eye movements were recorded. Social images depicted humans in negative contexts (e.g., conflict), and non-social images depicted negative scenes without people (e.g., natural disasters, pollution). Each pair was shown intact and phase-scrambled (rendering social content unidentifiable). Social preference was defined as the proportion of gaze time on the social image. Mixed-effects models tested effects of Group, Stimulus Type (intact vs scrambled), and their interaction. Time-series examined how social preference evolved over time.
Non-autistic adults allocated greater viewing time to intact negative social images than autistic adults, but groups did not differ for scrambled images, indicating effects depended on social content rather than low-level visual features. Time-series analysis showed group differences emerged late in viewing: both groups showed early bias towards social content that declined, but only non-autistic participants showed later increases in social preference. Autistic adults allocate less attention to negative social content, extending evidence for reduced preference beyond positive scenes and challenging explanations based solely on social reward sensitivity
