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Racial-Ethnic and Gender Inequalities in Mental Health-related SEND and Hospital Contacts among Children and Adolescents: A Population-based Linked Data Cohort in England
No full textBackground: Racial-ethnic and gender inequalities exist in England’s Special Educational Needs and Disability (SEND) system, with identification of Social, Emotional and Mental Health (SEMH) needs particularly vulnerable to bias. Systematic differences in mental health-related referrals, hospital admissions and treatment experiences also indicate potential bias in identifying need and response.
Objective: Developed in partnership with peer researchers and community stakeholders, we examined intersectional differences based on racial-ethnic group and gender in school and hospital system responses to mental health needs identifying opportunities for equitable provision and access.
Design: Population-level analysis of linked school and hospital administrative data for 1.7m children aged 5-16 years attending state schools in England (2005-2018). We examined rates, age distributions and timing (Kaplan-Meier Curves) of SEND-for-SEMH and mental health-related hospital contacts, including in-patient and out-patient contacts.
Results: Findings confirm higher rates of SEND-for-SEMH Black Caribbean, Mixed White-Black Caribbean and Irish Traveller pupils, with schools faster to record boys from these groups, and lower rates among Asian and White Other pupils (from 16 per 1,000 Indian girls to 240 per 1,000 Black Caribbean boys). Boys access mental health-related hospital-based services earlier and more steadily across school years, primarily through out-patient appointments. Girls are consistently older when first recorded with SEND-for-SEMH, simultaneously experiencing increases in mental health-related hospital contacts, with higher rates of in-patient admissions.
Conclusions: Findings indicate systematic differences in mental health-related SEND and hospital contacts emphasising the need for standardised mental health guidance and equity-oriented frameworks to address persistent simultaneous over-pathologisation and under-recognition of mental health needs
Yoga Interventions for Smartphone Addiction: Scoping Review Protocol
No full textProtocol for a scoping review mapping characteristics, outcomes, mechanisms, and evidence gaps in yoga interventions (Hatha, mindfulness, pranayama, yoga-CBT) for smartphone addiction, problematic smartphone use, and nomophobia among university students/young adults (16-25y). Follows Arksey & O'Malley (2005) framework with Levac et al. (2010) enhancements and PRISMA-ScR reporting. Searches 9 databases (2010-2026), dual screening/extraction, mixed-methods synthesis (NVivo 14). Registered March 2026
Energy Gradient Model 2.0 (EGM 2.0)
No full textThe Energy Gradient Model 2.0 (EGM 2.0) provides a clear, intuitive, and experimentally consistent framework for describing microscopic particle dynamics. Unlike traditional quantum mechanics, which relies on abstract wavefunction penetration and probabilistic interpretations, EGM 2.0 interprets quantum behavior as energy‑gradient‑driven evolution of electron clouds. The model unifies quantum tunneling and quantum transition under a single physical mechanism distinguished by a critical structural stability threshold. This paper presents a concise introduction to the core concepts, fundamental assumptions, and basic formalism of EGM 2.0.
Keywords: Energy Gradient Model, EGM 2.0, electron cloud, energy gradient, quantum tunneling, quantum transitio
Bladder cycling in Renal Transplant patients- a scoping review
No full textEnd-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients undergoing long-term dialysis often develop a defunctionalized bladder due to prolonged anuria and lack of physiological bladder filling. Reduced bladder capacity and compliance may occur, potentially increasing the risk of post-transplant lower urinary tract complications such as urinary retention, urinary tract infections, vesicoureteral reflux, and impaired graft drainage.
Various strategies have been described to address bladder defunctionalisation prior to kidney transplantation. One such approach is bladder cycling, also described as bladder rehabilitation, bladder conditioning, or bladder training. This typically involves repeated bladder filling and emptying using catheterisation or instillation of fluid to restore bladder capacity and compliance prior to transplantation.
However, the indications, protocols, and clinical effectiveness of bladder cycling remain poorly defined. Existing studies are heterogeneous, often small, and include both adult and paediatric populations. Furthermore, terminology used to describe bladder rehabilitation in transplant candidates varies considerably across the literature.
Given the lack of standardised guidance and the limited evidence base, a scoping review is appropriate to systematically map the available literature and identify knowledge gaps
CO2 Capture Compared: Why Nature-Based Solutions Beat Technology on Cost and Scale
No full textDirect Air Capture costs up to 540 USD per tonne of CO2 removed. Paulownia-based agroforestry achieves equivalent removal for under 50 USD per tonne. This paper presents a systematic cost comparison of technological versus nature-based carbon dioxide removal methods, drawing on data from Climeworks, Carbon Engineering, and European agroforestry field trials
Cultural Capital as a Fundamental Health Resource: Evidence from a Life-Course Analysis
No full textSocioeconomic health inequalities persist across the life course, yet research on their determinants has largely focused on material resources and conventional indicators of socioeconomic status. Drawing on Bourdieu’s theory of cultural capital and the sociology of health, this study examines whether cultural resources acquired in childhood constitute an overlooked mechanism in the intergenerational transmission of health inequalities. Using data from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study (1992–2020) combined with the Life History Mail Survey (N = 14,905), the analysis employs structural equation modeling to assess how childhood cultural capital shapes health outcomes in later life. The model integrates childhood socioeconomic status, childhood health, educational attainment, adult socioeconomic position, and adult health trajectories within a life-course framework. Results indicate that childhood cultural capital is significantly associated with better health in older age, even after accounting for childhood conditions, education, wealth, occupational status, and prior health. The total association operates through both indirect pathways, primarily via education and subsequent socioeconomic attainment, and a substantial direct pathway not fully explained by these mediators. Although childhood health remains the strongest predictor of later-life health, the findings suggest that cultural resources acquired during early socialization represent an independent and enduring influence on health trajectories. These results highlight the importance of incorporating cultural capital into life-course models of health inequality
Use of neuromodulation combined with split-belt treadmill training: a scoping review protocol
No full textThe objective of this scoping review is to systematically map and describe the extent and characteristics of research that has combined the use of neuromodulation with split-belt treadmill training
Paediatrics Health Outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Multi-Country Assessment of Social and Psychological Antecedence of Childhood Vaccination Decision-Making
No full textRemaining raw EEG data for Early responses towards non-conscious fear conditioned faces – an ERP study
No full textRemaining raw EEG data for Early responses towards non-conscious fear conditioned faces – an ERP stud