38978 research outputs found
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Visual abstracts in psychiatry randomized controlled trials: A systematic survey
No full textVisual abstracts are increasingly being used to disseminate findings from scientific research. We will conduct a systematic survey of VAs in psychiatry RCTs
Glyphosate bioaccumulation reassessed: A systematic narrative literature review
No full textBioaccumulation of chemical pollutants, such as pesticides and herbicides, can induce systemic toxicity in organisms and lead to biomagnification, threatening ecosystem stability. The true environmental fate of glyphosate, the most widely used herbicide globally, is under debate due to contradictory evidence. Despite decades of studies attesting to glyphosate’s innocuous nature, a growing body of literature points to unexpected effects throughout ecosystems including bioaccumulation in animal tissues. The previous consensus that glyphosate did not bioaccumulate was based on several factors. First, it was believed that glyphosate was quickly broken down by soil microbes. Second, glyphosate is hydrophilic and unlikely to accumulate in tissues. Third, it is possible that early instruments used to analyze glyphosate concentration had Limits of Detection (LOD) that were not precise enough to detect glyphosate even if it were present. Finally, in the 50 years since glyphosate was first commercially introduced, its rapid increase in global application may have led to different baseline environmental conditions compared to earlier studies. The aim of this systematic review is thus to ascertain what the latest literature (2015-2025) concludes about the bioaccumulation of glyphosate in animal tissues. Additionally, through a comparison of these findings to the preceding 40 years (1975-2014), our study seeks to parse out if and how the conversation on glyphosate bioaccumulation has changed as a function of methodological approaches and improved sensitivity in chemical analytical technology. We will also investigate if certain tissues or species are more susceptible to glyphosate bioaccumulation and could be utilized in future analyses. This review will follow PRISMA 2020 guidelines and analyzed primary literature from three databases
Mathematical Building Blocks: Investigating the On-line Cognitive Processes Underlying Addition
No full textAs one of the most important subjects of modern education, mathematics is a central pillar for the economy and the development of critical societal areas. Without the basic ability to perform arithmetical computations, a person is unable to fulfil their potential, to engage significantly in society, and to live a satisfying life. However, the cognitive processes involved in mathematical computations have received relatively little research. Addition is a basic building block of more complex arithmetic. The research proposed in my thesis will use eye-tracking to examine the operands order and carry effects in multidigit addition problems. The objective of this research is to identify the cognitive processes and time course involved in solving addition problems. This project will allow me to develop theoretical accounts of the visual, attentional, and cognitive processes underlying mathematical computation and provide insights that can benefit mathematics education
A Systematic Scoping Review of Various Interventions for Socially Withdrawn Individuals or Hikikomori.
No full textBackground:
Social isolation and/or withdrawal is a growing concern, with significant implications for mental health, social development, and overall well-being. The term ‘hikikomori’ is a term originating from Japan that is used to describe individuals who are socially withdrawn for at least 6 months. Addressing the outreach and intervention approaches for socially withdrawn individuals is crucial to improve their quality of life and facilitate their reintegration into society. Various interventions have been implemented in the community to reach out and support socially withdrawn individuals in Singapore and other countries. This project aims to conduct a scoping review to understand the various interventions carried out.
Objectives:
The primary objective of this scoping review is to map and understand the various outreach and treatment approaches for socially withdrawn individuals. Specifically, it aims to:
1. Identify different outreach strategies aimed at engaging socially withdrawn individuals.
2. Identify and understand the various treatment or intervention modalities used with socially withdrawn individuals.
3. Determine the key characteristics and components of these interventions.
4. Identify gaps and areas in interventions that might need to be addressed.
5. Provide recommendations for best practices in outreach and treatment approaches
Money as Security or Freedom: How Psychological Framing Shapes Financial Risk-Taking
No full textThis study investigates how value-based framing of money influenced financial risk-taking. Building on behavioral decision research, we examine whether framing money in terms of security or freedom, relative to a neutral frame, affects individuals’ financial risk decisions. In a between-subjects experimental design, approximately 180 participants will be randomly assigned to listen to a podcast-style vignette emphasizing one of the three money orientations. Following the vignette, participants will respond to an open-ended reflection question intended to reinforce the framing manipulation before completing a hypothetical iteration of the Holt-Laury paired lottery-choice task, a behavioral measure that infers risk aversion from a sequence of binary choices between relatively safe and relatively risky lotteries with systematically varying probabilities. Participants will also complete validated measures of money attitudes, financial literacy, financial impulsivity, and self-reported financial risk preferences, as well as socio-demographic measures. Data will be analyzed using ANOVA and regression models to estimate the main effects of framing conditions and potential interactions with individual difference variables. By integrating an experimental framing manipulation with behavioral and attitudinal measures of financial decision-making, the study aims to advance theoretical understanding of how value-based conceptions of money shape financial risk-taking
Systems-Level Factors Predictive of Teacher Burnout in U.S. Schools
No full textThe aim of this project is to identify whether schools implementing Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports is associated with reducing teacher burnout. PBIS includes the implementation of practices for addressing teacher job demands (e.g., student misbehavior) and organizational systems (e.g., training, coaching) for increasing job and personnel resources to protect against teacher burnout.
We will gather data from teachers that completed the National Teacher and Principal Survey (NTPS) and PBIS implementation fidelity data to evaluate whether schools implementing PBIS reduced teacher burnout and whether these effects are moderated by teacher type (e.g., special education compared to general education) and teacher level (e.g., elementary compared to secondary). To answer the research questions, we will use multilevel modeling and conduct moderation analyses by teacher grade level and teacher type. Project findings will provide meaningful implications for schools aiming to protect against teacher burnout
Folk Moral Objectivism & Religion
No full textMoral objectivism is the philosophical belief that moral facts exist mind-independently, and moral statements are true if and only if they correspond to these facts. Most laypeople are moral pluralists, being intuitively drawn to moral objectivism in some cases and moral non-objectivism in others. Previous work has suggested a link between folk moral objectivism (FMO), moral objectivist intuitions in ordinary people, and some aspects of religiosity. However, the direction of causality is unclear: does religiosity encourage FMO, or are those with higher FMO drawn towards religion?
To determine a causal link, Yilmaz & Bahçekapili (2015) and Sarkissian & Phelan (2019) implicitly primed participants with religious concepts, and found an increase in FMO compared to a control condition. Yet, the implicit priming paradigm has come under fire in recent years, and is considered to be an invalid experimental manipulation. Moreover, the self-report measures used to assess FMO have several issues, including unclear and ambiguous wordings, conflation with unintended concepts, and poor experimental realism.
This present study is the first to use an explicit priming paradigm to test how priming religious concepts in ordinary individuals affects moral objectivist intuitions. We also use a new set of measures to avoid some of the validity concerns of previous studies. We predict that the religion prime group will show higher FMO than the control group, given the established connection between FMO and religion. If this is the case, we hope to use this paradigm and the set of measures to test further questions about religion, FMO, and other beliefs
