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Evaluation of Genistein’s Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Effects on Human Foreskin Fibroblasts: A Molecular and Biochemical Analysis: Effects of Genistein on Fibroblast cells
No full textGenistein, a naturally occurring isoflavone in soybeans, has gained attention for its phytoestrogenic and antioxidant properties. Its role in endocrine modulation, oxidative stress regulation, and apoptosis suggests therapeutic potential in cancer and metabolic disorders. Foreskin fibroblasts serve as a model for studying genistein’s effects on cell proliferation, oxidative stress, and cytotoxicity. This study examines genistein’s influence on gene expression related to cell growth and stress responses, offering insights into its therapeutic or adverse effects. Human foreskin samples from seven donors (6–12 years old) were used. Fibroblasts were isolated via collagenase and trypsin digestion and cultured in DMEM with 10% FBS. Cells were treated with genistein (20–100 µM), and viability was assessed using MTT assays. Antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, GPx, CAT) were quantified spectrophotometrically. Gene expression of Bax, Bcl-2, IGF-1, and Casp3 was analyzed via real-time PCR. Data were evaluated using t-tests and ANOVA, with p<0.05 considered significant. Genistein induced dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity, significantly reducing cell survival above 40 µM. IC50 values decreased over time, confirming enhanced cytotoxicity. Enzyme activity assays showed reduced CAT, SOD, and GPx levels. Gene analysis revealed upregulation of pro-apoptotic markers (BAX, Casp3) and downregulation of anti-apoptotic genes (Bcl-2, IGF-1), with a BAX/Bcl-2 ratio exceeding one, indicating apoptosis. These findings highlight genistein’s potential as a therapeutic agent via oxidative stress modulation and apoptosis induction. This study confirms genistein’s cytotoxic effects on fibroblast cells through oxidative stress and apoptosis. Further research is needed to clarify its molecular mechanisms and optimize therapeutic applications
Non-surgical Management of a C-shaped Mandibular Second Molar with Apical Periodontitis and External Root Resorption: A Case Report
Full text linkThis case report describes the successful nonsurgical endodontic management of a mandibular second molar with a confirmed C-shaped canal configuration complicated by chronic apical periodontitis and active external inflammatory root resorption in a 16-year-old female patient. The patient presented with pain on biting, deep localized periodontal probing, and radiographic evidence of a large periapical radiolucency and resorptive changes in the distal root. Diagnostic tests confirmed pulpal necrosis and an endodontic–periodontal communication. Following access under magnification, the complex C-shaped canal system was negotiated and disinfected using 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, activated irrigation, and calcium hydroxide dressing. Because of apical resorption and an open apex, a 4–5 mm mineral trioxide aggregate apical plug was placed, followed by warm vertical obturation of the remaining canal system. The tooth was restored and monitored clinically/radiographically. At the 8-month follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic, probing depths had normalized, and radiographs demonstrated complete resolution of the periapical lesion with arrest of external root resorption. This case highlights that conservative endodontic therapy, supported by modern materials and careful disinfection, can achieve predictable healing even in teeth with complex morphology and resorptive defects. Early diagnosis and meticulous management are essential for a favorable outcome
Baseline CRP Levels and Thromboembolic Events: A Retrospective Case-Control Study: CRP Levels and Thromboembolic Events
No full textBackground: Several studies have proposed that C-reactive protein (CRP) levels could serve as a potential indicator for predicting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, the findings have been inconsistent. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between baseline CRP and thromboembolic complications in patients with COVID-19.
Methods: This case-control study involved two groups of COVID-19 patients admitted to Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan: those with thromboembolic events (TEEs) and those without. Eligible patients were enrolled through simple random sampling based on predefined inclusion criteria. Data on patient demographics, clinical findings, and vital signs were collected using a standardized checklist.
Results: We examined 70 patients with COVID-19 who experienced TEEs and 70 patients who did not. The most common underlying conditions in both groups were high blood pressure, affecting 21 individuals (30%), and diabetes, affecting 25 individuals (35.7%) (P > 0.05). In the control group, the most prevalent clinical symptoms associated with TEEs were shortness of breath, reported by 60 individuals (85.7%), and cough, reported by 46 individuals (65.7%). The incidence of shortness of breath in the case group was significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.001). Additionally, the two groups showed significant differences in breathing rate (P = 0.002) and heart rate (P = 0.016). There was also a significant difference in CRP levels between the two groups (P = 0.038), with patients in the case group exhibiting higher CRP levels.
Conclusion: This finding indicated that the level of CRP in patients with TEEs was significantly higher than in the control group. These results suggest that CRP may serve as an effective marker for identifying patients at risk of TEEs
"Gol" as a Commonly Abused Psychoactive Substance in Iran: Clinical and Forensic Consequences
Full text linkCasein Phosphopeptide and Diode Laser in Treating Dentin Hypersensitivity: A Clinical Study: CPP and diode laser for dentin hypersensitivity
No full textIntroduction: Dentin Hypersensitivity is a clinical condition in which a patient experiences intense, short-duration pain. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of Casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate paste (CPP-ACP) used alone or combined with a diode laser in treating dental hypersensitivity.
Methods: One hundred and twenty patients were enrolled in this randomized, double-masked clinical trial based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria screened at the Department of Periodontology at Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi. They were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: Group I: CPP-ACP paste, Group II: Diode laser only (for 100-150 seconds, on 980nm/0.5-1W laser 19J/cm), Group III: CPP-ACP paste with diode laser, Group IV: Placebo treatment. To assess pain intensity, discomfort (botheration), and tolerance, the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used. Patients rated their experiences on a scale from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating greater severity. For statistical analysis, a twoway ANOVA test was applied to assess the mean difference within groups after considering the normality of data distribution. A P-value of<0.05 was considered significant, indicating a meaningful difference between treatment effects.
Results: All treatment groups showed a significant reduction in VAS pain, botheration, and tolerance, with consistent improvement. The laser-only group (Group II) showed consistent improvement, with the most crucial change occurring immediately after the treatment among variables of VAS pain, botheration, and tolerance.
Conclusion: Diode laser therapy appears to be the most effective treatment for managing dental hypersensitivity. However, combining CPP-ACP with a diode laser is also a viable option depending on individual patient needs and preferences.
Trial Registration: ID: NCT06463938. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06463938. Name of the trial registry: A Clinical Trial to Compare Lasotronix Alone or in Combination With CPP-ACP to Treat DH. Registration date: 2024-05-1
تغییرات بدنی مادر باردار بر اساس جنسیت جنین در منابع طب ایرانی
No full textBackground and Aim: Pregnancy induces physiological changes in the mother's body, affecting almost all organ systems. Studies suggest that these changes may be associated with fetal sex. This study aims to extract descriptions of maternal physical changes based on fetal sex from original sources of Persian Medicine.
Methods: This review study was conducted in 2023 by searching the Web of Sciences, Google Scholar and PubMed databases using the keywords: mother fetus, Persian medicine, male fetus, female fetus, pregnant women, physical changes, and recognition. Furthermore, using the Teb Noor software, the keywords "Habli", "Habali", "Pregnant woman", "Alamat al-Idhkar wa al-Inath" (Signs of male and female) and "Alamat-e Narineh va Madineh" (Signs of male and female) were searched in original Persian Medicine texts, including Ferdows al-Hikmah fi al-Tibb, al-Hawi fi al-Tibb, Qanun fi al-Tibb, Tadbir al-Habali wa al-Atfal wa al-Sibyan and Dhakhira Khwarazmshahi.
Ethical Considerations: The principles of integrity and honesty in citing texts, the authenticity of sources and avoidance of bias in referring to texts or analyses were observed in this research.
Results: Common signs mentioned in Persian medicine sources for a male fetus include: good complexion of the mother, perception of fetal movement on the right side, agility and cheerfulness of the mother, larger right breast, initiating movement with the right foot and a feeling of heaviness on the right side. Other less frequently cited signs for a male fetus include onset of changes and milk flow from the right breast, redness of nipple and leg vessels, full and prominent veins under the right side of the tongue, healthier appetite for food and the flow of thick, viscous milk. Opposite signs suggest the possibility of a female fetus.
Conclusion: Among the indicators mentioned in Persian Medicine for determining fetal sex, some- such as pulse changes (fuller and faster pulse with a male fetus), greater prevalence of nausea and vomiting with a female fetus and the positioning of the female fetus on the left and the male on the right side of the uterus-have also been noted in modern medicine studies. Based on the results, it is suggested that further research be designed to investigate and validate the evidence presented in Persian Medicine sources among populations of pregnant women. If confirmed, the underlying reasons and mechanisms for this association should be explored using the frameworks of modern medicine.زمینه و هدف: بارداری تغییرات فیزیولوژیکی در بدن مادر ایجاد میکند که تقریباً بر تمام ارگانهای بدن اثر میگذارد. مطالعات نشان میدهند که این تغییرات میتواند با جنسیت جنین مرتبط باشد. هدف از اين مطالعه استخراج تغییرات بدنی مادر باردار براساس جنسیت جنین، در منابع اصيل طب ایرانی است.
روش: این مطالعۀ مروری در سال ۱۴۰۳ در پایگاههای اطلاعاتی Web of Sciences, Google Scholar و Pubmed با جستجوی کلیدواژههای mother fetus،Persian medicine ، male fetus، female fetus، pregnant women، physical changes و recognition انجام شد. همچنین با استفاده از نرمافزار طب نور نیز، كليدواژههاي «حبلي»، «حبالي»، «زن باردار»، «علامات الإذكار والإيناث» و «علائم نرينه و مادينه» در منابع اصیل طب ايراني از جمله فردوسالحكمه فيالطب، الحاوي فيالطب، قانون فيالطب، تدبیرالحبالی والاطفال والصبیان و ذخيره خوارزمشاهي مورد بررسي قرار گرفتند.
ملاحظات اخلاقی: در تدوین این پژوهش اصل امانتداری و صداقت در استناد به متون مورد استفاده، اصالت منابع و پرهیز از جانبداری در مراجعه به متون يا تحلیلها رعایت شده است.
یافتهها: علایم مشترک ذکرشده در منابع طب ایرانی برای بارداری با جنین پسر عبارتند از: رنگ نیکوی چهره مادر، احساس حرکت جنین در سمت راست، چابکی و نشاط مادر، بزرگتر بودن پستان سمت راست، شروع حرکت مادر با پای راست و احساس سنگینی در سمت راست بدن. سایر علایم با شیوع کمتر شامل شروع تغییرات و جریان شیر از پستان راست، قرمز بودن رگهای پا و نوک پستان، پر و برجسته بودن رگهای سمت راست زیر زبان، اشتهای بیشتر به طعام و جریان شیر غلیظ و لزج میباشد. علایم مخالف این موارد احتمال بارداری با جنین دختر را مطرح میکند.
نتیجهگیری: از بین موارد ذکرشده در طب ایرانی در تعیین جنسیت جنین، برخی موارد مانند تغییرات نبض مادر (پری و تندتر بودن نبض) در جنین پسر، غلبه تهوع و استفراغ بارداری در جنین دختر و محل قرارگیری جنین دختر در سمت چپ و جنین پسر در سمت راست در مطالعات طب رایج نیز مورد اشاره قرار گرفتهاند. با توجه به نتایج این مطالعه پیشنهاد میشود مطالعاتی طراحی شود تا شواهد مطرحشده در منابع طب ایرانی در جمعیت مادران باردار بررسی و راستیآزمایی شود و در صورت اثبات، چرایی و چگونگی این ارتباط با سازوکارهای طب رایج مورد بررسی قرار گیرد
Dyslexia Prevalence among Elementary School Students in Iran: A Gender-Based Analysis
Full text linkBackground and Aim: Reading is a key academic skill that forms the foundation for learning across all subjects. Dyslexia, a specific learning disorder that affects reading accuracy and fluency, can lead to persistent academic difficulties if not detected and addressed early. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of dyslexia among primary school children in Ardabil and to examine possible gender differences.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among male and female students in grades 3-5 from the four educational districts of Ardabil during the 2023–2024 academic year. Using a multi-stage stratified sampling method, 1,162 students were selected for the study. The Diagnostic Reading and Dyslexia Test (Nama, Karimi Nouri, & Moradi, 2004) was administered. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27.
Results: Among 1,162 students, 74 (31 girls and 43 boys) were identified as having dyslexia, corresponding to prevalence rates of 5.36% among girls, 7.36% among boys, and 6.36% overall. Additionally, 39.1% of dyslexic students had a family history of dyslexia. The prevalence of dyslexia decreased significantly with increasing grade level in both genders (p < 0.05). According to the subtests of the diagnostic reading test, girls outperformed boys in reading words, rhymes, word comprehension, letter symbols, category symbols, and overall dyslexia scores (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The findings suggest that dyslexia affects a considerable proportion of primary school students, particularly boys. Early identification and implementation of targeted educational interventions may help mitigate the negative impact of dyslexia on students’ learning outcomes
Prediction of Creative Self-Efficacy Based on Innovative Thinking, Brain-Behavioral Systems, and the Mediating Role of Cognitive-Emotional Self-Regulation and Creative Problem-Solving in Teenage Girls in Tehran
Full text linkBackground and Aim: Nowadays, educational systems in every country strive to identify creative, innovative, and efficient students to harness their cognitive and emotional capacities in addressing significant societal challenges. In this context, conducting studies in various educational sciences has become a necessity. The present study aimed to predict creative self-efficacy based on creative thinking, behavioral brain systems, and the mediating roles of cognitive-emotional self-regulation and creative problem-solving among adolescent girls in Tehran.
Materials and Methods: This research was conducted with a fundamental purpose and employed a descriptive-correlational path analysis approach. The statistical population included all female high school students in Tehran during the 2023-2024 academic year. A sample of 221 students was selected using a cluster sampling method. Data collection tools included the Carver and White Behavioral Inhibition/Activation System Questionnaire (1994), the short form of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire by Garnefski and Kraaij (2006), Beghetto's Creative Self-Efficacy Scale (2006), Carter's Creative Thinking Questionnaire (2009), and Basadur's Creative Problem-Solving Scale (1999). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with AMOS 24 and SPSS 27 was used to evaluate the proposed model.
Results: Findings indicated a satisfactory fit between the proposed model and the data. Path analysis results showed that behavioral inhibition and activation systems, as well as creative thinking, explained 16% of the variance in maladaptive cognitive-emotional self-regulation strategies, 33% of the variance in adaptive cognitive-emotional self-regulation strategies, and 38% of the variance in creative problem-solving. Furthermore, behavioral brain systems, creative thinking, adaptive and maladaptive self-regulation strategies, and creative problem-solving together explained 39% of the variance in creative self-efficacy.
Conclusion: The results of this study underscore the simultaneous importance of strengthening cognitive-emotional skills and behavioral brain systems in enhancing creative self-efficacy among adolescents, as well as in designing effective educational and developmental interventions to promote creativity within the educational system. These findings may inform policymakers and educational planners in developing innovative skills among adolescents
Comparative study of flexicurve ruler with Microsoft Kinect tool in spinal arch evaluation
Full text linkBackground : Identifying spinal abnormalities and assessing the physical condition of people in the community with accurate and reliable tools is of great importance. The main purpose of this study was to compare the flexible ruler with Microsoft Kinect tool in spine arch evaluation. Methods: The present study is a descriptive study and for this purpose, 44 male athletes aged 20 to 42 years in Rasht who were purposefully selected participated in this study. First, a flexicurve ruler was used to evaluate the arch of the spine, and then the Microsoft Kinect tool was used. It was measured in three steps with an interval of 15 minutes. Results: Pearson correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relationship between flexicurve ruler and Microsoft Kinect measurements (for validity) and intragroup correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the reliability of kyphosis and lordosis measurements. The results showed that there was moderate validity between the measurements obtained by Microsoft Kinect and the flexicurve ruler (r = 0.407 for kyphosis and r = 0.396 for lordosis), but the in-test reliability of this device was very high (kyphosis ICC = 0/998 and lordosis ICC = 0/998) was obtained. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that Microsoft Kinect is a reliable tool in evaluating and measuring the angle of kyphosis and lordosis and also has validity. Therefore, this device can be used quickly and accurately in the evaluation of the spine arch
Visual Pathway Dysfunction in Myasthenia Gravis Assessed by Pattern Reversal Visual Evoked Potentials: A Case–Control Study
Full text linkPurpose: To evaluate visual pathway function in individuals with myasthenia gravis using pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials (VEP) and to compare P100 latency and amplitude between affected individuals and healthy controls.Patients and Methods: A case–control design was used, including 10 individuals with myasthenia gravis (20 eyes) and 10 age-matched healthy controls (20 eyes). Pattern-reversal VEP was recorded monocularly under standardized conditions. P100 latency and amplitudes were measured and statistically compared between groups.Results: Eyes from the myasthenia gravis group demonstrated significantly prolonged P100 latency (113.1 ± 5.74 ms) compared with controls (98.1 ± 3.33 ms; P < 0.001). P100 amplitude was markedly reduced in the myasthenia gravis group (2.65 ± 1.22 µV) relative to controls (9.00 ± 2.20 µV; P < 0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that myasthenia gravis is associated with functional disturbance of the visual pathway, reflected by significant abnormalities in pattern-reversal VEP. Although not diagnostic, VEP may serve as a complementary tool for assessing visual involvement in this condition