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Multidrug resistance patterns among clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii from Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran
No full textBackground and Objectives
Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as one of the most significant opportunistic pathogens in hospital environments due to its remarkable ability to acquire and disseminate antibiotic resistance genes. It is a major cause of healthcare-associated infections, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs), leading to ventilator-associated pneumonia, wound infections, and septicemia. The present study aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistance patterns of clinical A. baumannii isolates and to assess the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) phenotypes among them.
Materials and Methods
In this descriptive-analytical study, several clinical isolates of A. baumannii, categorized into ABI and ABH groups, were collected from hospitalized patients in a tertiary-care hospital. Bacterial identification was performed using standard biochemical and molecular methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted by the disk diffusion (Kirby–Bauer) method in accordance with CLSI guidelines.
Results
Antibiogram results showed that more than 50% of the isolates were resistant to imipenem and meropenem, while high levels of resistance were also observed to cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. Colistin remained the most effective antibiotic, with only a small percentage of isolates showing resistance. Comparative analysis showed that isolates from the (ABI) group showed a broader resistance profile than isolates from the (ABH) group. Overall, 92% of the isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR) and 47% as extensively resistant (XDR).
Discussion
Implementation of rigorous antibiotic stewardship programs and continuous resistance surveillance are urgently needed to prevent the dissemination of MDR and XDR A. baumannii strains in clinical settings.
Conclusion
The findings of this study demonstrate an alarming prevalence of antibiotic resistance among A. baumannii isolates in the hospital environment, posing a serious threat to infection control and patient safety
Er:YAG Laser Versus Conventional Surface Treatment of Lithium Disilicate: In Vitro Study: Er:YAG Laser as surface treatment in lithium disilicate
No full textIntroduction: The high-power 2940 nm Er:YAG (erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet) laser increases the rough surface of lithium disilicate, increasing the bonding strength of ceramics when they are bonded to the tooth using resin matrix cement. This investigation aimed to compare the Er:YAG laser with the conventional surface treatment of lithium disilicate.
Methods: In this study, 50 lithium disilicate discs (5 mm diameter×2 mm thickness) were divided into five groups (n=10): Control group (CG) (10% hydrofluoric acid followed by 37% phosphoric acid), Group 1 (G1) (ER:YAG laser energy of 300 mJ/50 µs), Group 2 (G2) (Er:YAG laser energy of 400 mJ/50 µs), Group 3 (G3) (Er:YAG laser energy of 500 mJ/50 µs), and Group 4 (G4) (10% hydrofluoric acid, Er:YAG laser energy of 500 mJ/50 µs). After completing the surface treatments, 6 mm high Tygon was fixed and filled with self-adhesive dual resin cement (SET PP SDI Limited, Victoria, Australia). The samples were stored for 24 hours and subjected to shear tests until structural failure.
Results: ANOVA analysis found no statistically significant difference between the groups analyzed (P=0.0689). G2 had the highest bond strength with 12.6±3.2 MPa, while G1 had the lowest with 9.5±2.2 MPa, followed by the CG 9.8±3.2. It was observed that with higher laser irradiation power, the adhesive strength decreased, as evidenced in G3 with 11.6±1.9 MPa.
Conclusion: The radiation power of 400 mJ, frequency of 20 Hz, and pulse duration of 50 µs improved the bond strength between lithium disilicate and dual resin cement. However, the group that obtained the lowest strength was Group 3, with a laser energy of 500 mJ/50 µs, generating highly expulsive zones in lithium disilicate
Insights into Astrogliosis, Inflammation Processes, and Emerging Treatments by Exosome Therapy and LowLevel Laser Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review: Exosome therapy and low-level laser therapy for spinal cord injury
No full textIntroduction: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is among the most severe medical conditions, with profound impacts on global healthcare systems. SCI results in temporary or permanent loss of spinal cord function and is associated with high incidence rates, substantial economic burden, significant disability, and a low average age of onset. Astrogliosis and neuroinflammation play central roles in secondary injury and limit functional recovery. This systematic review examines pathophysiology, mechanisms of recovery, and emerging clinical treatment strategies for SCI.
Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, to identify relevant studies on SCI classification, pathophysiology, and treatment approaches, with a particular focus on Exosome and low level Laser therapy. The search included articles published up to September 2024, and key data were extracted for analysis.
Results: A total of 141 studies met the inclusion criteria. The pathogenesis of SCI involves an initial mechanical injury followed by a secondary cascade of molecular and cellular events that exacerbate tissue damage. Current treatment options primarily provide supportive care for patients with lifelong disabilities. Pharmacological interventions focus on neuroprotection, employing medications and therapeutic agents tailored to modulate degenerative processes. Non-pharmacological approaches, including growth factors, Low level laser therapy, cultured cells, and vitamins, offer additional therapeutic benefits. Laser therapy integration into SCI treatment is increasingly studied due to its anti‑inflammatory, neuroprotective, and analgesic effects. Exosome therapies have shown significant neuroprotective and neuroregenerative potential by addressing multiple pathological mechanisms in SCI.
Conclusion: A promising future direction lies in combining conventional pharmacological and surgical strategies with emerging therapies, particularly exosome therapy and LLLT, offers a promising approach to mitigate secondary injury, modulate astrogliosis, and enhance recovery in SCI patients. Comprehensive therapeutic strategies integrating pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches with cutting-edge cell therapies hold significant promise for improving outcomes in SCI treatment
Evaluation of Vibradiofotology Technology using the ERECTOFIX Device in the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction: A Randomized Controlled Double-Blind Pilot Study: Evaluation of vibradiofotology technology in erectile dysfunction treatment
No full textIntroduction: Over the past decade, energy-based therapies have been introduced as noninvasive and restorative treatment modalities for erectile dysfunction. Furthermore, previous studies have shown the efficacy of penile vibratory stimulation and photobiomodulation in treating erectile dysfunction. Integrating these therapeutic approaches, which are employed simultaneously in the Vibradiofotology technology, may lead to achieving better outcomes in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of Vibradiofotology technology delivered via the Erectofix device in patients with erectile dysfunction.
Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, fifty-five patients diagnosed with erectile dysfunction were included. The patients were assigned to either the control group or the intervention group. In the intervention group, the patients received treatment with the Erectofix device for five sessions. Each session lasted 45 minutes and was administered once a week. Meanwhile, the control group received oral medication along with sham laser treatment.
Results: Among the fifty-five patients included in the study, 27 were assigned to the intervention group and 28 to the control group. The intervention group showed a significant improvement in each domain of the IIEF score compared to the control group. The erectile function showed a significantly greater increase in IIEF scores in the intervention group (19.59±5.57) compared to the control group (7.39±2.23; P<0.001). Furthermore, significant improvements were observed in orgasmic function, sexual desire, intercourse satisfaction, and overall satisfaction in the intervention group.
Conclusion: Vibradiofotology technology, which integrates different therapeutic approaches, may be a safe treatment option for erectile dysfunction. Improvements in IIEF scores, patients’ overall satisfaction, and erectile function can be promising in the efficacy of this modality. Nevertheless, due to the limitations of the present study, further research is required to investigate the potential benefits of this novel modality in improving patients’ quality of life
Correction to: Therapeutic Effects of Combination Therapy and Photobiomodulation Therapy on Retinal Regeneration: Correction
Full text linkIn the article titled “Therapeutic Effects of Combination Therapy and Photobiomodulation
Therapy on Retinal Regeneration” published in J Lasers Med Sci 2022;13:e36 (doi: 10.34172/jlms.2022.36), there was an error in the Ethical approval section.The ethics approval code was incorrectly reported as:“All protocols were confirmed by the Ethics Committee of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (IR.SBMU.RETECH.REC.1400.008).”The correct ethics approval code is:IR.SBMU.REC.1400.008The corrected sentence should read:“ All protocols were confirmed by the Ethics Committee of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (IR.SBMU.REC.1400.008 )
درمانهای دارویی اگزما از منظر «قانون فیالطب» ابن سینا
No full textBackground and Aim: Eczema is one of the most common chronic inflammatory skin diseases, characterized by itching, dryness, scaling and recurrent lesions that is significantly impairing patients’ quality of life. Although this disease is not directly mentioned in traditional Persian medicine texts, several skin disorders with similar clinical features have been described, particularly in Avicenna’s Canon of Medicine. This study aims to extract and analyze single and compound medicinal formulations related to eczema-like conditions in the Canon.
Methods: This research was conducted as a library-based qualitative content analysis of second book (Simplices) and fifth book (Compound Prescriptions) of the Canon of Medicine. Key terms such as Ghuba, Saafe, Taghashor-e-Jeld, Baras-e-Aswad and eczema-like conditions were used to identify relevant entries. All recommended remedies were collected, categorized and interpreted.
Ethical Considerations: In this research, honesty and trustworthiness have been maintained in the use of historical sources.
Results: According to the investigations, the most frequently ingredients used to treat eczema-like conditions were vinegar, honey, olive, fumitory, damask rose and salt. Also, Tela has been introduced as the most widely used medicinal form extracted in the treatment of this disease.
Conclusion: Findings suggest that Avicenna’s traditional medical opinions offer a rich foundation for developing safe, natural and plant-based adjunctive therapies for eczema. These insights can inform future pharmacological studies and the design of low-risk topical formulations.زمینه و هدف: اگزما یکی از شایعترین بیماریهای التهابی مزمن پوست است که با علائمی نظیر خارش، خشکی، پوستهریزی و سوزش همراه بوده و تأثیر چشمگیری بر کیفیت زندگی بیماران دارد. اگرچه در متون طب سنتی ایرانی به طور مستقیم به این بیماری اشاره نشده، اما چندین اختلال پوستی با ویژگیهای بالینی مشابه، به ویژه در کتاب قانون ابن سینا، شرح داده شده است. این مطالعه با هدف استخراج و تحلیل مفردات و ترکیبات دارویی مرتبط با بیماریهای مشابه اگزما از دیدگاه ابن سینا انجام شد.
روش: این مطالعه این پژوهش به شیوه کتابخانهای و بر پایه تحلیل محتوای کتاب دوم (فیالمفردات) و کتاب پنجم (فیالقرابادین) «القانون فیالطب» انجام شد. واژگان مرتبط با اگزما نظیر قوبا، سعفه، تقشر جلد و برص اسود بهعنوان کلیدواژه مورد جستوجو قرار گرفتند و داروهای مربوط استخراج، طبقهبندی و تحلیل شدند.
ملاحظات اخلاقی: ملاحظات اخلاقی از نظر رعایت امانت در استخراج و انتقال مطالب لحاظ گردیده است.
یافتهها: طبق بررسیهای انجام گرفته پرتکرارترین مفردات در درمان بیماریهای مشابه اگزما شامل سرکه، عسل، زیتون، شاهتره، گل سرخ و نمک بودند. همچنین پرمصرفترین شکل دارویی استخراج شده در درمان این بیماری طلا معرفی شده است.
نتیجهگیری: نتایج پژوهش نشان میدهد که دیدگاههای پزشکی ابن سینا میتواند بنیان علمی مناسبی برای طراحی درمانهای مکمل، طبیعی و ایمن در مدیریت بیماریهای پوستی نظیر اگزما باشد. همچنین به مطالعات دارویی آینده و طراحی فرمولاسیونهای موضعی کمخطر کمک خواهد کرد
The role of mindfulness in reducing test anxiety and improving academic performance among high school students
Full text linkBackground: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of mindfulness training on reducing test anxiety and improving the academic performance of high school students.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study used a pre-test–post-test control group design. The study population included all 10th-grade students from high schools in Tehran during the 2024–2025 academic year. A total of 60 students were selected through cluster random sampling and randomly assigned to the experimental (n=30) and control (n=30) groups. The experimental group participated in eight 90-minute sessions of mindfulness training based on Kabat-Zinn’s model, while the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were collected using the Spielberger Test Anxiety Inventory and students’ final semester grade point average (GPA) as an indicator of academic performance. Data were analysed using independent t-test, paired t-test, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in SPSS-26.
Results: The results indicated that the mean score of test anxiety in the experimental group significantly decreased after the intervention (P<0.001), while no significant difference was observed in the control group. The mean academic performance of the experimental group improved significantly (P=0.002). The ANCOVA results showed that mindfulness training had a significant effect on both test anxiety and academic performance.
Conclusion: Mindfulness training can be used as an effective intervention to reduce test anxiety and enhance students’ academic performance. Implementing mindfulness-based educational programs in schools can play a key role in improving students’ mental health and promoting effective learning outcomes
توسعه شاخص عملکرد ایمنی بهرهبرداری جرثقیلهای برجی و به کارگیری آن در پروژههای ساخت و ساز در شهر اصفهان
No full textBackground and Aims: Safety performance indicators play a crucial role in supporting managerial decision-making and evaluating control measures within safety management systems. Given the growing use of tower cranes in developing countries, this study aimed to develop a safety performance index for tower cranes during the operational phase.
Materials and Methods: In this study, tower crane safety performance measures were identified through expert judgment using the Delphi technique, and a checklist for assessing the safety performance of tower cranes was developed accordingly. In the next step, weights proportional to the impact of each safety measure on overall safety performance were assigned, and the safety performance index was calculated based on existing frameworks. Finally, the index was applied to two construction sites equipped with tower cranes in the city of Isfahan. All ethical considerations were observed throughout the study.
Results: A total of 56 safety performance measures were approved by the expert panel. The highest weights were assigned to “inspections by regulatory authorities”, “implementation of worker competency certification systems”, and “crane operating height”. A safety performance checklist for tower cranes was developed. The safety performance index ranged from 0 to 100, with scores of 81 and 91 obtained for the two studied construction sites, corresponding to moderate (yellow) and good (green) safety levels, respectively.
Conclusion: In this study, factors affecting the safety of tower cranes during the operational phase were identified through a comprehensive literature review and expert judgment, and safety performance measures with adequate coverage and high consensus were selected.زمینه و اهداف: شاخص عملکرد ایمنی در سیستمهای مدیریت ایمنی نقش بسزایی در پشتیبانی از تصمیمگیریهای مدیریتی و ارزیابی اقدامات کنترلی دارد. در این پژوهش با توجه به اهمیت استفاده روز افزون از جرثقیلهای برجی در کشورهای در حال توسعه، یک شاخص عملکرد ایمنی جرثقیلهای برجی در مرحله بهرهبرداری توسعه یافت.
مواد و روشها: در این پژوهش، با بهرهگیری از نظر خبرگان و بهکارگیری تکنیک دلفی، سنجههای عملکرد ایمنی جرثقیلهای برجی شناسایی شد و بر اساس آنها، چکلیست سنجش عملکرد ایمنی این نوع جرثقیلها تدوین گردید. در مرحله بعد، برای هر یک از سنجههای ایمنی، وزن متناسب با میزان تأثیر آن بر عملکرد ایمنی تعیین شد و شاخص عملکرد ایمنی با استفاده از چارچوبهای موجود محاسبه گردید. در نهایت، این شاخص در دو کارگاه ساخت دارای جرثقیل برجی در شهر اصفهان مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. کلیه ملاحظات اخلاقی نیز در اجرای پژوهش رعایت شده است.
یافتهها: تعداد 56 سنجه عملکرد ایمنی توسط تیم خبرگان تایید شد. بیشترین وزن برای سنجههای «بازرسی های نهادهای نظارتی» و «اجرای نظام احراز صلاحیت کارگران خاص» و «ارتفاع کاری جرثقیل» بود. فهرستوارسی عملکرد ایمنی جرثقیلهای برجی تشکیل شد. شاخص عملکرد ایمنی در بازه صفر تا صد تعیین شد که در دو کارگاه مورد نظر پژوهش اعداد «81 و 91» با وضعیت متوسط (زرد) و خوب (سبز) در نشانگر ایمنی دریافت نمودند.
نتیجهگیری: در این پژوهش، عوامل مؤثر بر ایمنی جرثقیلهای برجی در مرحله بهرهبرداری با مرور دقیق منابع و نظر خبرگان شناسایی شد و سنجههای عملکرد ایمنی با پوشش مناسب و توافق بالا انتخاب شدند
بررسی تغییر در رفتارهای مرتبط با سبک زندگی دانشجویان دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان در همهگیری کوید-19
Full text linkBackground and Aims: With the prolonged course of the COVID-19 pandemic, human lifestyles were profoundly affected. This study aimed to determine the changes in lifestyle-related behaviors among students at Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the period before it.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 170 students who were randomly selected in 2024. Data were collected using a standardized lifestyle-related behavior questionnaire. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 22, employing independent t-tests and one-way ANOVA. All ethical considerations were carefully observed throughout all stages of the study.
Results: The mean lifestyle change score among the students was 5.32 ± 0.432, with a range from –12 to 20. The findings indicated that lifestyle-related behavioral changes during the COVID-19 pandemic, compared with the pre-pandemic period, differed significantly by educational level (P = 0.004), father’s occupation (P = 0.001), and age (P = 0.045). Moreover, compared to the period before the pandemic, students reported increases in snack consumption (55.3%, n = 94), sedentary time (81.2%, n = 138), sleep duration (69.4%, n = 118), stress and anxiety levels (65.9%, n = 112), and intake of immune-boosting foods (62.4%, n = 106).
Conclusion: Therefore, appropriate planning aimed at reducing stress and anxiety and promoting students’ mental health is recommended. In addition, providing proper nutritional education and counseling, particularly for younger students, is strongly suggested.زمینه و اهداف: با طولانی شدن همهگیری کوید-19، سبک زندگی انسان به شدت تحت تاثیر قرار گرفت. این مطالعه با هدف تعیین تغییر در رفتارهای مرتبط با سبک زندگی در دانشجویان دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان در همهگیری کوید-19 و قبل از آن انجام شد.
مواد و روشها: این پژوهش بهصورت توصیفی–مقطعی و بر روی ۱۷۰ نفر از دانشجویان که بهصورت تصادفی در سال ۱۴۰۳ انتخاب شدند، انجام گرفت. جمعآوری دادهها با استفاده از پرسشنامه استاندارد رفتارهای مرتبط با سبک زندگی صورت پذیرفت. برای تجزیهوتحلیل دادهها از نرمافزار SPSS نسخه ۲۲ و آزمونهای آماری t مستقل و تحلیل واریانس یکطرفه استفاده شد. همچنین تمامی ملاحظات اخلاقی در تمامی مراحل انجام پژوهش رعایت گردید.
یافتهها: میانگین نمره تغییرات سبک زندگی در دانشجویان0/432 ± 5/32 با محدوده نمره منفی 12 تا 20 بود. نتایج نشان داد که تغییر رفتارهای مرتبط با سبک زندگی در دانشجویان در همه گیری کوید- 19 نسبت به قبل از آن بر حسب سطح تحصیلات (0/004 = P)، شغل پدر (0/001 = P) ، و سن (0/045 = P) تفاوت معنی داری داشت. همچنین در دانشجویان مصرف میان وعده های غذایی (55/3 %، 94 نفر)، زمان نشستن (81/2 %، 138 نفر)، ساعات خواب (69/4 %، 118 نفر)، میزان استرس و اضطراب (65/9 %، 112 نفر) و مصرف غذاهای تقویتکننده سیستم ایمنی (106 نفر) نسبت به قبل از همهگیری کوید- 19 افزایش یافته است.
نتیجهگیری: بنابراین برنامهریزی صحیح در جهت کاهش استرس، اضطراب و ارتقاء سلامت روان دانشجویان، آموزش و مشاوره تغذیهای مناسب جهت دانشجویان بخصوص با سن کمتر پیشنهاد میگردد
بررسی عفونت ادراری وابسته به کاتتر ادراری در افراد بستری در بخش مراقبتهای ویژه و عوامل موثر بر آن
No full textBackground and Aims: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) can lead to irreversible complications, reduced quality of life, and increased healthcare costs. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate catheter- associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) among patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU).
Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 86 patients with catheter-associated urinary tract infections admitted to the ICU of one of the hospitals affiliated with Qom University of Medical Sciences, using a census sampling method. Data were collected using a researcher-designed checklist. Data analysis was performed using SPSS23, applying descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, and the independent t-test. The study was conducted after obtaining approval from the Research Council and ethical clearance from the Ethics Committee of Qom University of Medical Sciences.
Results: The mean age of participants was 67.9 ± 13.9 years. Catheterization duration, antibiotic use, and catheter replacement timing were significantly associated with urinary tract infection (P < 0.001), whereas age, sex, marital status, BMI, smoking, corticosteroid use, and surgical history showed no significant association (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: Based on the study findings, ICU patients with longer catheterization duration, more frequent catheter replacement, and higher antibiotic use experienced a higher incidence of urinary tract infection. Therefore, enhancing staff awareness of proper care, adhering to standard catheter replacement protocols, facilitating earlier catheter removal, and educating clinicians about antibiotic resistance and its consequences are recommended to reduce the risk of urinary tract infections in ICUs.زمینه و اهداف: عفونتهای دستگاه ادراری میتواند منجر به عوارض برگشتناپذیر، کاهش کیفیت زندگی و تحمیل هزینه گردد. لذا مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی عفونت ادراری وابسته به کاتتر ادراری در افراد بستری در بخش مراقبتهای ویژه انجام شد.
مواد و روشها: مطالعه توصیفی حاضر بر روی 86 نفر از مبتلایان به عفونت ادرای وابسته به کاتتر ادراری در بخش ICU یکی از بیمارستانهای دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قم، به روش سرشماری انجام شد. برای جمعآوری اطلاعات از فهرستوارسی محقق ساخته استفاده شد. برای تحلیل دادهها از نرم افزار SPSS23 و آزمونهای توصیفی، کای اسکوئر و تیتست مستقل استفاده شد. این مطالعه پس از اخذ مجوز از شورای پژوهشی و تأیید کمیته اخلاق دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قم انجام شد.
یافتهها: متوسط سن شرکتکنندگان 13/9 ± 67/9 بود. مدت زمان سونداژ، مصرف آنتیبیوتیک و زمان تعویض کاتتر به طور معناداری با بروز عفونت ادراری مرتبط بودند (0/001 >P ). اما متغیرهای سن، جنسیت، وضعیت تأهل، BMI، مصرف سیگار، مصرف کورتون و سابقه جراحی ارتباط معنیداری با بروز عفونت مجاری ادرای نداشتند (0/05 <P ).
نتیجهگیری: بر اساس نتایج مطالعه حاضر، افراد بستری در بخش مراقبت ویژه با مدت زمان سونداژ طولانیتر، زمان تعویض کاتتر ادراری سریعتر و مصرف آنتیبیوتیک بیشتر، عفونت ادراری بیشتر را نشان دادند. لذا پیشنهاد میشود در بخشهای مراقبت ویژه با افزایش اگاهی کارکنان در زمینه ارايه مراقبتها، تعویض کاتتر ادراری بر اساس استانداردها، تلاش برای خروج سریعتر کاتتر ادراری، آموزش مقاومت آنتیبیوتیکی و پیامدهای آن به متخصصین برای کاهش احتمال ابتلای عفونتهای ادراری گام برداشت