Journals Portal, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
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Reduction of plasma levels of E-selectin and P-selectin induced-intensity training in obese boys
No full textBackground : Obesity is an epidemic problem that cause of atherosclerosis development and increase risk of cardiovascular diseases. Increase of adhesion molecule such as the P-selectin and E-selectin in obese people have key role in atherosclerosis phenomena. The purpose of this study was to investigate of high-intensity and moderate- intensity aerobic training on plasma levels of P-selectin and E-selectin in obese boys. Methods: In the semi-experimental study 36 obese student boys )age 13.4 ± 0.69 years old, height 163.06 ± 7.88 cm and weight 85.72 ± 8.42 kg) were randomly assigned to three groups: high-intensity aerobic training (n= 12), moderate-intensity aerobic training (n= 12) and control (n=12). The training was performed at 50-65% maximal heart rate (moderate-intensity) and 70-85% maximal heart rate (high-intensity), 3 day per week for 10- weeks. The blood sample was collected 48-h before and 48-h after last sessions of exercise training. The P-selectin and E-selectin were measured by ELISA. Data were analyzed using two-way repeated ANOVA with SPPS version 18.Results: The results of tow-way ANOVA analysis indicated that body percent fat (P = 0.028) and body weight (P = 0.042) were significantly decreased after 10- weeks training intervention. There is a significantly decrese of body fat percent and body weight in high-intensity training compared with moderate-intensity training (P= 0.027). The results of tow-way ANOVA analysis indicated that VO2max value significantly increased (P = 0.018). The plasma levels of P-selectin (P=0.001) and E-selectin (P=0.016) were significantly decreased after training intervention. Additionally, there is a significantly decrease of P-selectin in high-intensity training compared with moderate-intensity training (P= 0.034), but there is no significantly different between high-intensity training and moderate-intensity training in plasma levels of E-selectin in obese boys (P> 0.05). Conclusion: It seems that high-intensity aerobic training compared with moderate-intensity training has greater reduction in plasma levels of E-selectin, P-selectin, body weight and BMI, and increase of VO2max
Metaverse (Virtual World)
Get PDFThe concept of parallel digital realities offering experiences that mirror or transcend the limitations of the physical world has a long history, predating the internet itself. However, advancements in recent decades, such as near-ubiquitous mobile phone adoption andhigh-speed internet proliferation, have brought the notion of a blended physical and digital reality closer to realization. The Metaverse refers to this convergence, facilitated by computing devices and immersive technologies like virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and mixed reality (MR). While this vision of a fully realized virtual world remains in its early stages, with its components still under development, the potential of the Metaverse to offer significant opportunities for humanity is clear. However, these opportunities are accompanied by ethical and legal challenges, prompting the critical question of who is responsible for regulating the Metaverse to ensure compliance with ethical and legal frameworks. Undoubtedly, the coming years will necessitate the development of some form of regulation and rule-making to govern human interactions within these digitally connected worlds
شناسایی ژن های پیش آگهی و تشخیص سارکوما: مبتنی بر بیوانفورماتیک و یادگیری عمیق: شناسایی ژنهای پیشآگهی سارکوما
No full textزمینه و هدف: سارکوم بافت نرم (STS) یک سرطان نادر با منشا مزانشیمی است که در کودکان 15 درصد و در بزرگسالان 1 درصد مرگومیر ناشی از سرطان را ایجاد میکند. این سرطان به دلیل چالشهای تشخیصی معمولاً دیر شناسایی میشود و با تشخیص دیرهنگام به پیشرفت بیماری منجر میشود. نرخ بقاء پنجساله STS برابر با 65 درصد است که برای سارکومهای با درجه بالا این نرخ به 10 درصد کاهش مییابد. هدف این مطالعه شناسایی ژنهای پیشآگهی و تشخیصی در STS با استفاده از روشهای بیوانفورماتیک و یادگیری عمیق است.
روشها: در این مطالعه دادههای RNA-Seq از 261 نمونه سارکوم بافت نرم (STS) از پایگاه داده TCGA شامل 125 نمونه توموری و 128 نمونه نرمال به همراه اطلاعات بالینی بیماران تحلیل گردید. دادهها پس از پیشپردازش با نرمافزار R و بستههای Limma و edgeR نرمالسازی شدند. ژنهای بیان افتراقی (DEGs) با معیارهای |logFC|≥1.5 و P<0.05 شناسایی شدند. برای شناسایی ژنهای کلیدی از روشهای یادگیری ماشین (ML) و یادگیری عمیق (DL) استفاده گردید. عملکرد مدلها با شاخصهای AUC، دقت، F1-Score، R² و ماتریس سردرگمی ارزیابی شد. همچنین، تحلیلهای غنیسازی مسیر (GO و KEGG) و شبکههای برهمکنش پروتئین-پروتئین (PPI) انجام شد.
یافتهها: در مجموع 5204 ژن بیان افتراقی بین بافتهای توموری و نرمال شناسایی شد. از میان این ژنها، 16 ژن با بیان افزایشی شامل HIST1H1E، CARTPT، MAGEA8، HIST1H4E، RPA4 و ANGPTL3 با کاهش بقاء کلی بیماران ارتباط داشتند. در مقابل، 11 ژن دیگر مانند LECT2، ADAM21P1، GDF7، APOM و PIPOX با افزایش بقاء کلی بیماران مرتبط بودند. تحلیل ROC نشان داد که ژن A1CF به عنوان یک نشانگر زیستی مستقل با AUC=0.70 قدرت تمایز بالایی دارد. همچنین ترکیبهای A1CF-ATP6V0D2 (AUC=0.743) و A1CF-LECT2 (AUC=0.796) قدرت تشخیصی بهتری نسبت به تکژن ارائه دادند.
نتیجهگیری: مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که ژن A1CF و ترکیبات A1CF-ATP6V0D2 و A1CF-LECT2 به عنوان بیومارکرهای بالقوه برای تشخیص و پیشآگهی سارکوم بافت نرم (STS) شناسایی شدند. این یافتهها نشاندهنده پتانسیل استفاده از بیوانفورماتیک و یادگیری ماشین در تشخیص زودهنگام و درمان شخصیشده بیماران است
A Cross-sectional Study on the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Performance of Iranian Endodontists Regarding Diabetic Patients
Get PDFIntroduction: The high prevalence of diabetes mellitus and related consequences in all populations of the world makes their management an important challenge in endodontic practice. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and performance of Iranian endodontists regarding the management of diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: Questionnaires with 18 items were distributed to Iranian endodontists from different geographical provinces of Iran using social media. Responses to each question used a five-point Likert scale. Data for responses were analyzed using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests. Results: A total of 101 valid responses were returned for analysis (50 men and 51 women). None of the respondents had aggregated scores that were rated as unfavorable on 3 domains. Knowledge was rated as favorable for 81% and acceptable for the remaining 19%. Attitude was rated as favorable for 63%, and acceptable for 37%, while performance was rated as favorable for 98% and acceptable for the remaining 2%. Also, none of the 3 variables under evaluation were influenced by demographic factors or by work experience. The most common areas of uncertainty for respondents were monitoring blood for glucose or glycated hemoglobin concentration, and decisions regarding when to prescribe antibiotics. Conclusions: Overall, this cohort of endodontists displayed a high level of knowledge of the major issues involved in diabetic patient care and were confident in providing clinical care. Future programs for continuing professional development for endodontists should consider current methods used for monitoring blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin, both as point-of-care or personal devices. In addition, further education is needed on antibiotic stewardship
Management of a Late Complication of Strip Perforation with Overextended Gutta-percha Using Intentional Replantation: A 10-Year Follow-up Case Report
Get PDFStrip perforation is a severe procedural complication during root canal therapy, often associated with poor prognosis, especially when combined with overextended gutta-percha. While surgical or nonsurgical retreatment is commonly indicated, patient-centered decision-making and long-term follow-up may influence the management strategy. This case report describes the conservative follow-up and eventual successful treatment of a mandibular second molar with an extensive midroot strip perforation and extruded gutta-percha, ultimately managed with intentional replantation and root-end filling using calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement. In 2015, a 40-year-old female patient presented for routine examination. A previously treated mandibular second molar (#37), which had a severe strip perforation in the mesial root and overextended gutta-percha one year prior, remained asymptomatic and functional. The patient declined retreatment and opted for annual monitoring. Over five years, the tooth remained functional and symptom-free, and the extruded gutta-percha showed gradual radiographic resorption. In 2023, the patient returned with a symptomatic apical periodontitis and a large periapical lesion associated with the same tooth. Intentional replantation was performed with midroot resection of the mesial root, root-end filling using CEM cement, and immediate replantation. At the 1-year follow-up, the tooth remained functional, asymptomatic, and radiographically healed. The case highlights the long-term clinical risks of untreated strip perforations, the unpredictable resorption of overextended materials, and the efficacy of minimally invasive surgical interventions in preserving tooth function
Investigating the effects of outer membrane vesicles derived from Campylobacter jejuni on the survival of HT-29 epithelial cells in vitro
Get PDFBackground: Campylobacter jejuni is an important pathogenic bacterium that is associated with diarrhea and gastroenteritis in several animal species and humans. The secretion of virulence factors is a crucial strategy that enteric bacterial pathogens use to interact with host cells, promote their survival, and damage the host. Many bacterial pathogens utilize outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) to deliver virulence factors into host cells. C. jejuni can produce nanosized OMV cargos, which have been proposed to have a key role in disease progression, pathogenesis, and immune system modulation. This study aimed to assess the effect of OMVs derived from C. jejuni on the survival of HT-29 intestinal cells in vitro.
Materials and Methods: In this work, C. jejuni clinical strain RIGLD 4-151 was used. C. jejuni OMVs were isolated using ultracentrifugation and were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). HT-29 human colon cancer epithelial cells were treated with OMVs for 24, 48, and 72 hours. Cell viability of HT-29 cells exposed to OMVs was measured by MTT assay.
Results: Our results showed that C. jejuni strain RIGLD 4-151 released round-shaped nanovesicles ranging from 10 to 250 nm. The cytotoxicity assays unveiled a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability following exposure to various concentrations of C. jejuni OMVs.
Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that OMVs derived from C. jejuni strain RIGLD 4-151 can significantly affect viability of HT-29 cells. Further research is required to elucidate the definite role of OMVs derived from C. jejuni strain RIGLD 4-151 in the pathogenesis of C. jejuni
Awareness of Forensic Odontology Amongst Dentists of Qassim Region: Awareness of forensic odontology amongst dentists
No full textBackground: Forensic odontology utilizes dental evidence to identify individuals in criminal investigations and disasters and to determine age and gender. This study aimed to evaluate the awareness of forensic odontology among dentists in Saudi Arabia and pinpoint potential areas for enhancing education and practice.Methods: A survey involving 266 dentists in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia was conducted. The survey evaluated the dentists’ understanding of forensic odontology concepts, perspectives on the field, and readiness to manage forensic cases.Results: The findings indicate that the dentists firmly grasped the fundamental principles of forensic odontology. Nevertheless, gaps in knowledge exist, especially in alternative identification methods, solved forensic cases, and child abuse protocols. The dentists showed a keen interest in additional training in forensic odontology and endorsed incorporating the field into the dental undergraduate curriculum.Conclusion: This research offers an overview of the present level of forensic odontology knowledge within the dental field. Although the general performance is positive, recognizing and resolving knowledge gaps with specific interventions can enhance the integration of this important field in dental practice. Forensic odontology plays a significant role in raising awareness among dentists in Saudi Arabia
From Color to Clue, Unraveling the Forensic Significance of Pink Teeth in Postmortem Analysis
Get PDFBackground: The postmortem pink teeth phenomenon (PTP) is a notable change in tooth color, resulting in a pinkish hue after death. Observed in various forensic contexts, including drowning, poisoning and physical trauma, the correlation between PTP and specific causes of death has remained ambiguous.Case Presentation: This study discusses two cases involving cadavers exhibiting the PTP, where we conducted an analysis of pink teeth alongside other findings concerning the postmortem interval.Conclusion: A comprehensive analysis of PTP requires consideration of various forensic elements. The phenomenon is closely associated with decomposition processes and is often observed in water immersion cases. A multidisciplinary approach involving forensic medicine and odontology is essential for understanding the physiological changes after death and assessing the potential significance of PTP as a postmortem indicator. By integrating these diverse aspects, forensic investigators can gain deeper insights into the circumstances surrounding death. Although PTP is not pathognomonic for any specific cause of death, it serves as a valuable indicator that can assist in forensic investigations. Further studies are necessary to clarify its implications in various forensic contexts and enhance its application in medico-legal assessments
Prostate Cancer and the Rise of Focal Laser Therapies: A Narrative Review of Benefits and Limitations: Focal laser therapies in prostate cancer
No full textIntroduction: Prostate cancer is the second most prevalent cancer in men and remains a major global health concern. Traditional treatment modalities such as radical prostatectomy (RP) and radiation therapy, while effective, often result in significant morbidity, including urinary incontinence and sexual dysfunction.
Methods: A narrative review was conducted to synthesize current evidence on focal laser therapy for prostate cancer. A comprehensive literature search was performed across three major databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The search strategy employed the following Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and keywords: (“Prostatic Neoplasms” [MeSH] OR “prostate cancer”) AND (“Laser Therapy” [MeSH] OR “laser ablation” OR “focal therapy”). The search was limited to studies published between 2000 and 2024.
Results: The initial search retrieved 1,444 articles. After a rigorous screening of titles, abstracts, and full-texts, 79 studies met the inclusion criteria and were incorporated into the review. The selected literature enables a comprehensive and critical evaluation of the current state of research on focal laser therapy in the management of prostate cancer.
Conclusion: While focal laser therapies offer promising outcomes with fewer side effects, their long-term efficacy and survival benefits remain uncertain. High-quality studies with long-term follow-up are essential to better define their role in the prostate cancer treatment landscape and inform optimal patient selection
Senior-Loken Syndrome: A Rare Case Report of A Novel NPHP4 Gene Mutation in A Child From Bangladesh: Senior-Loken Syndrome
No full textBackground and Aim: Senior Loken syndrome describes patients with nephronophthisisalong with retinal dystrophy. The first signs of renal involvement include polyuria andpolydipsia, which occur due to impaired urinary concentration capabilities. Nephronophthisisprogresses to end-stage renal disease by the age of 20. Retinal abnormalities can range fromsevere infantile retinal dystrophy to the more typical form of retinitis pigmentosa. Otherassociated features of this syndrome include skeletal and dermatological abnormalities, aswell as cerebellar issues.Case Presentation: Here, we reported a case of Senior‒Loken syndrome with polyuria,polydipsia, and nocturnal enuresis followed by the features of advanced renal disease, such asgrowth retardation and moderate anemia. He was also myopic and demonstrated tessellatedfundus during the fundoscopic examination.Conclusion: To date, there are no case reports published in the Bangladeshi medical literatureregarding this rare autosomal recessive disorder among pediatric patients. Therefore, thiscase report aims to increase awareness among clinicians to detect these patients early, as themanagement implemented may prevent or delay the need for renal replacement therapy andpreserve eyesigh