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Impact of the “First Wave” of the Pandemic on Social Rights in the Countries of the European Union
No full textWhile news of successful vaccine trials is encouraging, the prospect of long-term restrictions underscores the magnitude of a number of problems and challenges faced by all EU member states during the “first wave” of coronavirus infection. European leaders have come together in a series of measures and policies to support the European economy and society at the time of the declaration of the emergency. This situation underlines the particular importance of respecting the social rights of citizens. Social rights offer protection in many of the areas that most define our daily lives, including legally binding standards in education, employment and health care. This gives EU citizens the right to education, fair working conditions and access to preventive health care. The article traces the practice of how European countries apply the lessons learned from the “first wave” in order to minimize the negative impact on human rights. Several European governments have decided to expand income support schemes. To date, the authorities have expanded access to testing for COVID-19 in nursing homes, migration camps and other institutions. The authors highlight how the pandemic has affected fundamental rights, especially the social rights of society as a whole. The article describes some of the measures that EU member states have taken to protect the most vulnerable segment of society as Europe faces the “second wave” of the coronavirus pandemic
Best foreign practices for innovative development in Russia: the case study of China
No full textIn the last 15 years China has been showing the dynamic development of its innovation system which has become the basis for high economic growth that continued even during the global financial crisis of 2009. China’s current achievements in the development of innovations are directly related to the state policy which demonstrates their exceptional effectiveness. There is a similarity in problems the transitional economies of Russia and China are now facing in the field of innovative development. The key objective of the presented here research is statistical and structural analyses of the processes taking place in China’s innovation sphere. The analysis is expected to reveal what measures implemented within Chinese economy have stimulated the dynamic development of the country’s innovation sector. The authors also hope to determine how similar measures can be implemented in the context of the Russian Federation
Creating a literary route through the city core: Tourism product testing
No full textResearch on tourism routes is mainly focused on their development from the perspective of stakeholders, co-operation, and networking, but there are very few which explore them from the perspective of its users. In order to expand the tourist offer of Novi Sad (northern Serbia), one thematic route that promotes a part of the literary heritage was created. The aim of this study was to analyze the given literary route from a tourist perspective, checking out whether this route was created in a way that would satisfy its users. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted in which 50 students of tourism were divided into two simulated tours with a specialized tour guide. They were asked to use the ArcGIS application installed on their mobile phones to fill up a questionnaire about the literary route while moving through the selected checkpoints in the city center. The results provided answers to the questions like: whether the attractions of the given localities that the route links are properly selected, whether the thematic tour is good regarding the attraction order and whether it is in line with the growth of emotions of joy and positive surprise, which segments on the route should be improved in order to increase its quality, whether the route contributes to the tourist satisfaction that will create a desire for a route recommendation, and whether the route is appropriate to be offered to tourists, as well as to the locals. According to the preliminary results, the authors gave recommendations for the route improvement before its implementation on the tourist market
Ideological Consistency and Ideological War: American Fascism vs Antifascism – January 2021
No full textThis work analyzes the ideological war between American fascists and antifascists and the relation between the existence of an ideological consistency among the masses and the emergence of this type of conflict. The storming of the US Capitol in January 2021 by fascists and the activities of fascists and antifascists on social media serve as subjects for the analysis of this ideological war. The purpose of this work is to study literature on ideological wars and analyze how States encourage extremist ideologies based on their own ideological consistencies. The method employed to expose the ideological war is a content analysis of social media used by the Proud Boys and Atlanta Antifascists. The results show that the two competing ideologies cannot coexist peacefully in the same territory and at the same time. The State and the elites agree that the confrontation should end. This work can be useful for academics, policy makers and students working on the issue of fascist and extremist ideologies, as well as for developing ways to fight these ideologies by addressing their enablers
How Russian Youth Consume Information: Case Study of the Political Science Students of the Financial University
No full textThis article is devoted to analyzing the results of a study conducted by the Educational and Scientific Laboratory of Internet Projects and Studies of the Department of Political Science and Mass Communications of the Financial University among university students. The work aimed to identify the characteristics and structure of youth information consumption in the digital space during the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors analyzed the intensity and frequency of use of various types of information sources, identified the dominant sources of socio-political information, determining the level of trust in them, identified factors that affect the perception of message content. The article also analyzes the attitude of the respondents to the issue of Internet regulation by the state, defines and structures the subjective assessments of the “opposition” of the Internet space concerning existing government institutions. The paper concludes that the structure of the information consumption of the respondents shows a steady shift in the emphasis on information and communication activity of young people to digital platforms, sources, and channels. The youth audience spends a significant part of their active time in the digital space, which in its volume is comparable or even in many cases exceeds the amount of time spent in the traditional offline space. The consequence of this is the formation of “digital information overload”, stimulating the development and consolidation of the effect of clip consciousness. In general, based on the results of the work, the authors conclude that there is a stable structure of youth information consumption that has pronounced differences from the traditional structure of information consumption of older generations. Moreover, the processes of information consumption in the digital space are mostly irrational, and they are mainly based on “digital habits” that form the models of digital information consumption of modern students
In Memory of Sergey P. Sergeechev (13.10.1962–07.01.2021)
No full textThis paper provides information about the sudden death from COVID-19 of Sergey P. Sergeechev, the head of the Department of Purulent Surgery of Tver Children’s Regional Clinical Hospital
Clinical Phenotypes of Hypoxia in Patients with COVID-19
No full textThe aim of the study was to examine the clinical phenotypes of hypoxia in patients with COVID-19 in relation to the severity of acute respiratory failure (ARF). Material and methods . Sixty patients with severe COVID-19 and manifestations of acute respiratory failure admitted to the infectious disease hospitals of Nizhny Novgorod were enrolled in the study. The study included patients with transcutaneous saturation (SpO 2 ) below 93% on spontaneous breathing, who required correction of respiratory alterations according to the Interim Clinical Guidelines for the Treatment of Patients with COVID-19. All patients were divided into 2 groups of 30 patients each according to the nature of respiratory impairment. Group 1 included patients without breathing difficulties who had respiratory rate up to 25 per minute. Group 2 patients had breathing difficulties and respiratory rate over 25 per minute. In addition to SpO 2 , severity of respiratory difficulties, respiratory rate (RR), forced breathing (FB), heart rate (HR), acid-base balance (ABB) and arterial and venous blood gases, capillary refill time, blood lactate level were assessed. The severity of lung involvement was determined using chest computed tomography, and severity of disease was assessed using the NEWS score. Respiratory treatment required for ARF correction and the outcome of hospitalization were also considered. Results . In group 1, the mean age was 66 (56; 67) years and the disease severity was 8 (7; 10) points. Group 1 patients had minor tachycardia and tachypnoea, there were no lactate elevation or prolonged capillary refill time. Mean SpO 2 was as low as 86 (83; 89)%. Venous blood pH and pCO2 values were within normal reference intervals, mean BE was 6 (4; 9) mmol/l, pO 2 was 42 (41; 44) mm Hg, and SO 2 was 67 (65; 70)%. Mean arterial blood pO 2 was 73 (69; 75) mm Hg, SO 2 was 86 (83; 90)%, and O 2 was 37 (35; 39) mm Hg. Oxygen therapy with the flow rate of 5-15 l/min in prone position helped correct ARF. All patients of this group were discharged from hospital. In group 2, the mean age was 76 (70;79) years and the disease severity was 14 (12; 18) points. Anxiety was observed in 15 patients, prolonged capillary refill time was seen in 13 patients, and increased lactate level in 18 patients. Mean RR was 34 (30; 37) per minute, HR was 110 (103; 121) per minute, and SpO 2 was 76 (69; 83)%. Mean venous blood pH was 7.21 (7.18; 7.27), pCO 2 was 69 (61; 77) mm Hg, BE was -5 (-7; 2) mmol/l, pO 2 was 25 (22; 28) mm Hg, SO 2 was 47 (43; 55)%. Mean arterial blood pO 2 was 57 (50; 65) mm Hg, SO 2 was 74 (69; 80)%, and pCO 2 was 67 (58; 74) mm Hg. In the group 2 patients, the standard oxygen therapy in prone position failed to correct ARF, and high flow oxygen therapy, noninvasive CPAP with FiO 2 of 50-90% or noninvasive CPAP+PS were administered. Fourteen patients were started on invasive lung ventilation. There were 10 fatal outcomes (33%) in this group. Conclusion . Two clinical phenotypes of hypoxia in patients with COVID-19 can be distinguished. The first pattern is characterized by reduced SpO 2 (80-93%), no tachypnoea (RR >25 per minute) and moderate arterial hypoxemia without tissue hypoxia and acidosis («silent hypoxia»). It is typical for younger patients and associates with less lung damage and disease severity than in patients with severe ARF. Hypoxemia can be corrected by prone position and oxygen therapy and does not require switching to mechanical ventilation. The second pattern of hypoxia is characterized by significant arterial hypoxemia and hypercapnia with tissue hypoxia and acidosis. Its correction requires the use of noninvasive or invasive mechanical ventilation
Patients with CKD-5D and COVID infection. Individual organizational and clinical issues of therapy
No full textNew coronavirus infection (COVID-19) – a serious medical and social problem. Despite the achievement of certain successes in the treatment of patients with COVID-19, there is a need to develop special clinical and organizational approaches in patients with CKD who are on renal replacement therapy and are at special risk due to the course of the underlying disease and concomitant pathology. The article presents the experience of the Samara Regional Center of Nephrology and Dialysis of the Samara Regional Clinical Hospital named after V.D. Seredavin during the pandemic, as well as the features of the management of patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease undergoing renal replacement therapy in the infectious department to provide MP to patients with COVID-19. Patients with CKD require increased attention, treatment of coronavirus infection (both specific and concomitant) should be carried out in full, while observing the regimens and dosage regimens of drugs and their combinations
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA by a Multiplex Reverse-Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Coupled with Melting Curves Analysis.
No full textLoop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a method of nucleic acid amplification that is more stable and resistant to DNA amplification inhibitors than conventional PCR. LAMP multiplexing with reverse transcription allows for the single-tube amplification of several RNA fragments, including an internal control sample, which provides the option of controlling all analytical steps. We developed a method of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA detection based on multiplex reverse-transcription LAMP, with single-tube qualitative analysis of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and MS2 phage used as a control RNA. The multiplexing is based on the differences in characteristic melting peaks generated during the amplification process. The developed technique detects at least 20 copies of SARS-CoV-2 RNA per reaction on a background of 12,000 MS2 RNA copies. The total time of analysis does not exceed 40 min. The method validation, performed on 125 clinical samples of patients' nasal swabs, showed a 97.6% concordance rate with the results of real-time (RT)-PCR assays. The developed multiplexed LAMP can be employed as an alternative to PCR in diagnostic practice to save personnel and equipment time
A spatial autocorrelation for modelling the spread of coronavirus infections
No full textSpatial autocorrelation methods are used to study spatial disproportions in the socio-economic development of territories. The most common research methods are the analysis of Moran local indices, Moran global index, Getis-Ord hot spots. In this study, we used spatial autocorrelation methods to estimate COVID-19 distribution patterns. As a result of the study, we identified the formed growth poles, the epicenters of the spread of infection (St. Petersburg, Sverdlovsk and Nizhny Novgorod regions) and only emerging ones. The practical application of this methodological approach allowed us to predict further spatial directions of the spread of coronavirus infection (Vladimir, Kaluga, Smolensk, Tula, Tver, Yaroslavl, Ryazan and Leningrad regions)