6615 research outputs found
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New coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia [Новая коронавирусная инфекция (COVID-19) у детей с острым лимфобластным лейкозом]
No full textCurrently, the researchers from various countries have demonstrated that COVID-19 in children is diagnosed less frequently, and the course and severity of the pathological process is less pronounced than in adults. Children with COVID-19 often have asymptomatic and mild forms. However, the risk of developing severe course of COVID-19 is typical for children from risk groups. Newborns and young children, congenital malformations and concomitant diseases, primarily accompanied by immunodeficiency states of various etiologies (oncological and autoimmune diseases, diabetes mellitus) are the risk factors for the development of severe forms of coronavirus infection. The article presents two clinical cases of COVID-19 in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. It is shown that children with concomitant oncohematological pathology often have both mild and severe forms of coronavirus infection. © 2020 National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation. All rights reserved
Resilience of the Russian financial system under external shocks
No full textThe situation in the world financial market has formed under the influence of various challenges and threats, most of which could be predicted, or at least remotely forecasted. At the same time, the ubiquitous spread of COVID-19 and the extremely adverse negative consequences of the pandemic came as a real shock to the global and domestic financial systems. The article examines the factors and principles of the resilience of the Russian financial system, identifies the reasons for the emergence of global and internal economic crises, discloses government measures to maintain global financial resilience, and analyzes the set of measures taken by the Government of the Russian Federation to support the economy and financial system in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of the research is to consider the factors of resilience of the Russian financial system under external shocks and to assess the measures taken by financial regulators in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic to ensure the growth of the global financial system. General and specific research methods, methods and tools of graphic interpretation, comparative analysis, and accompanying changes are used as methodological tools for this study. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2020
Analysis of human coronaviruses circulation
No full textIntroduction. The novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, which emerged at the end of 2019 and caused a worldwide pandemic, triggered numerous questions about the epidemiology of the novel COVID-19 disease and about wellknown coronavirus infections, which used to be given little attention due to their mild symptoms. The purpose: The routine screening-based multiyear retrospective observational study of prevalence and circulation patterns of epidemic-prone human coronaviruses in Moscow. Material and methods. The real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect RNA of human coronaviruses (HCoVs) in nasal and throat swabs from 16,511 patients with an acute respiratory infection (ARI), aged 1 month to 95 years (children accounted for 58.3%) from January 2016 to March 2020, and swabs from 505 relatively healthy children in 2008, 2010 and 2011. Results. HCoVs were yearly found in 2.6 6.1% of the examined patients; the detection frequency was statistically higher in adults than in children, regardless of sex. At the height of the disease incidence in December 2019, HCoVs were detected in 13.7% of the examined, demonstrating a two-fold increase as compared to the multi-year average for that month. The statistical frequency of HCoV detection in ARI pediatric patients under 6 years was significantly higher than in their healthy peers (3.7 vs 0.7%, p = 0.008). Conclusion. HCoVs circulate annually, demonstrating a winter-spring seasonal activity pattern in the Moscow Region and reaching peak levels in December. Over the years of observation, the HCoV epidemic activity reached maximum levels in December 2019 February 2020 and decreased in March to the multi-year average. Amid a growing number of SARS-CoV-2 cases imported to Moscow in March 2020, the HCoV detection frequency dropped sharply, which can be explained by the competition between different coronaviruses and by the specificity of HCoV detection with the diagnostic test kit used in this study. © 2020 Published by Scientific Scholar on behalf of Surgical Neurology International
The strengthening of economic position of russian electronics: Mechanisms and capabilities [Усиление экономических позиций российской электроники: механизмы и возможности]
No full textThe research analyzes the changes in economic relations between the state and economic entities in the electronics market. It is for the first time when we discuss the author’s classification, which identifies four types of models of interaction between the state and Russian electronics companies depending on changes in the business cycle and instability of the economy: an inert or passive observer, a crisis model, dynamic and rational participation, and a model of active and multi-agency interactions. Specific characteristics of the proposed models are identified, and the features of interaction between government structures and companies are systematized. The research shows an increasing role of the state in supporting and financing new directions of the development of integrated structures in electronics, despite the processes of globalization and liberalization of the national economy. The novelty of the research is in the development of a comprehensive view on the institutional structure of state support for electronics. An active process of formation of complex-structured economic entities at the industry, inter-industry and interregional levels on the basis of state strategies for the development of electronics is analyzed. The specificity of modern behaviour of Russian electronics companies in the digital economy and the coronavirus pandemic is revealed on the basis of generalization of stylized facts of the specific companies’ activities. © Siberian Federal University. All rights reserve
The digital transactions currency for the BRICS [Цифровая трансакционная валюта стран БРИКС]
No full textThe article deals with the circulation of a digital currency as a worldwide problem. The topic has theoretical and practical significance because price stability, economic growth and development and market equilibrium depend on the quality of this circulation. Currency digitization has become a particularly acute issue with the outbreak of COVID-19, which made central banks to think about contactless means of payment. The research identified the significance of the most important macroeconomic indicators which may characterise the hypothetical shared digital currency for the BRICS, namely, a shared interest rate and the quantity of digital money in circulation needed for the international use. The exchange rate of the BRICS digital currency, if it ever goes into being, is going to heavily depend on the amount of the interest rate of the hypothetical creditor of last resort. This problem is quite significant, since for the international circulation it is very important to know the proportions in which the digital currency is to be exchanged for the currencies of other countries. The theoretical significance of the article is the development of a model’s basis to find the exchange rate of the digital currency. The practical significance of the paper is that it contains recommendations for foreign-exchange-market players to optimise their investment portfolios as well as for monetary authorities in the emerging economies to make some policy choices. © Siberian Federal University. All rights reserved
Epidemiological Peculiarities of New Coronavirus Infection (COVID-2019). Communication 2: Peculiarities of epidemic process development in conjunction with performed anti-epidemic measures around the world and in the Russian Federation
No full textThe review presents the analysis of the data on the spread of COVID-19 around the world and in Russia available as of June 15, 2020. Dynamics and geographical dissemination of COVID-19 in the Russian Federation is considered. The structure of incidence by gender and age is presented. Assessment of the key epidemiological parameters (morbidity rates and lethality) is provided. The effectiveness of the response measures conducted to control COVID-19 is discussed. © 2020 Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute. All rights reserved
Security challenges and cyber forensic ecosystem in IoT driven BYOD environment
No full textThe usage of Internet of Things (IoT)/ Bring Your Own Devices (BYOD) has grown up exponentially, as expected 50 Billion IoT devices will get connected by the end of 2020 in the world in smart city environment. Advancement of Human Driven Edge Computing (HEC) with 5th Generation Internet services also makes this more feasible. Use of IoT and increased demand of BYOD becomes one of the fundamental needs to increase the organization employee productivity and business agility. But it increased the significant risk of the cyber-attack which is leading a major reason for business disruption and becomes a leading question about how to get a cyber secured citizenship in the smart city environment as well as in the organization where BYOD is used in large numbers. In order to conduct forensic investigation post incident detection of malicious activities from IoT/BYOD end point is most challenging task. A strategic practical approach in this research is presented to detect malicious activities so that organization can adopt to protect the critical infrastructure and smart city critical infrastructure. In order to achieve the goal of detecting of malicious activities in BYOD environment, simulation performed in 3 phases. The 1st phase of the simulation performed while BYOD endpoint was outside the organization over the internet without VPN. The 2nd phase of the simulation was performed where BYOD endpoint was securely onboarded using a corporate wireless network with a secured onboarding process. The 3rd phase of the test done where IoT/BYOD was outside the organization with a VPN. A unique robust scalable model puts forward with significant result from this research and concluded for creating a cyber forensic ecosystem in IoT/BYOD environment to enable cyber secured citizenship in era of HEC with 5G and IoT. © 2020 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. All rights reserved
Fundamental basis of covid-19 pathogenesis [Najznačajnije osnove patogeneze covid-19]
No full textAt the end of 2019, a new coronavirus infection occurred in the People's Republic of China with an epicentre in the city of Wu-han. On February 11th, 2020, the World Health Organization as-signed the official name of the infection caused by the new coro-navirus – COVID-19. COVID-19 has affected people from all over the world given that the infection was noted in 200 countries resulting in annunciation of the pandemic situation. Human co-rona viruses cause mild to moderate respiratory infections. At the end of 2002, a new coronavirus appeared (SARS-CoV), the causal agent of atypical pneumonia, which caused acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The initial stage of COVID-19 infection is the penetration of SARS-CoV-2 into target cells that have angi-otensin converting enzyme type II receptors. The virus enters the body through the respiratory tract and interacts primarily with toll-like receptors (TLRs). The events in SARS-Cov-2 induced infection follow the next scenario: epithelial cells via TLRs recog-nize and identify SARS-Cov-2, and after that the information is transmitted to the transcriptional NF-κB, which causes expression of the corresponding genes. Activated in this way, the epithelial cells begin to synthesize various biologically active molecules. The results obtained on preclinical material indicate that ROS generation increases and the antioxidant protection decreases, which plays a major role in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV, as well as in the progression and severity of this respiratory disease. © 2020, University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science. All rights reserved
COVID-19: ETIOLOGY, CLINICAL PICTURE, TREATMENT [COVID-19: ЭТИОЛОГИЯ, КЛИНИКА, ЛЕЧЕНИЕ]
No full textWhereas the XX century marked the history of acute respiratory disease investigation as a period for generating in-depth system of combating influenza viruses (Articulavirales: Orthomyxoviridae, Alpha-/Betainfluenzavirus) (based on environmental and virological monitoring of influenza A virus in its natural reservoir — aquatic and semi-aquatic birds — to supervising epidemic influenza), a similar system is necessary to build up in the XXI century with regard to especially dangerous betacoronaviruses (Nidovirales: Coronaviridae, Betacoronavirus): Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV) (subgenus Sarbecovirus), Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (Sarbecovirus), Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV) (Merbecovirus). This became particularly evident after pandemic potential has been revealed in 2020 by the SARS-CoV-2. This review provides an insight into the historic timeline of discovering this virus, its current taxonomy, ecology, virion morphology, life cycle, molecular biology, pathogenesis and clinical picture of the etiologically related COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) as well as data available in the scientific literature on the anti-SARS-CoV-2-effectiveness of passive immunotherapy and most debated drugs used to treat COVID-19: Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine, Nitazoxanide, Ivermectin, Lopinavir and Ritonavir, Camostat mesilate, Remdesivir, Ribavirin, Tocilizumab, Anakinra, corticosteroids, and type I interferons. The pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection implicates decreased efficacy of artificial respiration, which, in this case might be replaced by more efficient extracorporeal membrane blood oxygenation supplemented with nitrogen oxide and/or Heliox inhalations. © 2020 Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute. All rights reserved
COVID-19 in Moscow: Prognoses and scenarios [Коронавирусная инфекция в Москве: прогнозы и сценарии]
No full textAim: to present a mathematical model of the development of COVID-19 in Moscow along with the analysis of some scenarios of epidemic control and possible epidemic consequences. Materials and Methods. The modeling of the epidemics was based on the extended SEIR model proposed lately in the group of Prof. R. Neher and realized as a freely available software program. The authors based the choice of the parameters of modeling on published data on the epidemiological properties of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and open access data on the registered cases of COVID-19 in Moscow for 8-27 March 2020. Results. Five potential scenarios of the development of COVID-19 epidemics are studied. The scenarios are differed by the levels of the control measures: Null Scenario corresponded to the lack of protective measures, Scenario A - mild measures of the epidemic control (closing of schools and universities, recommendations for senior citizens to stay inside), Scenario B - medium level of control (closing of all public places, recommendation for the citizens to stay inside), Scenarios C and D - complete lockdown (from the beginning of May 2020 within Scenario C and from the beginning of April 2020 within Scenario D). It was shown that within the Null Scenario, the lethality from the novel coronavirus in Moscow will exceed 100 thousand people, and the number of critically ill patients on the peak of the epidemics will exceed the capacities of the system of healthcare. Scenarios A and B did not provide for a radical decrease in the fatality rate, and the number of critically ill patients at the peak of epidemics will still exceed the capacities of the system of healthcare. Besides, within Scenario B, the epidemics will last for more than a year. Scenarios C and D will allow for the control of epidemics and a significant decrease in the rate of lethality (by 30 and 400 times, respectively). At the same time, these two scenarios prevent the population from developing herd immunity, which would result in the population susceptibility to repeated epidemics outbreaks. Conclusion. The scenarios intended for the slow development of herd immunity in the conditions of epidemic control would not bring sufficient results: the lethality would remain unacceptably high, the capacities of the system of healthcare would be overloaded, and the time of limiting measures would be unacceptably long. Such measures as complete lockdown would stop the present epidemics. The earlier they are introduced, the more efficient will be the results. To prevent further repeated outbreaks of the epidemics, it is necessary to establish a system of available, quick, and efficient testing in combination with point isolation of the infected patients and their contacts. © 2020 Farmakoekonomika. All rights reserved