6615 research outputs found
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Practical recommendations for physical rehabilitation in patients with severe COVID-19 in intensive care units [Практические рекомендации по физической реабилитации больных с тяжелым течением COVID-19 в отделениях реанимации и интенсивной терапии]
No full textThe article presents a literature review on physical rehabilitation (PR) in patients with the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) of extremely severe, severe and moderate course in acute (in the intensive care unit, ICU) and subacute (immediately after transfer from the ICU) stage of the disease in a pandemic. The authors defined the aims and principles of medical rehabilitation assistance, the appropriate amount of PR exercises, and the mechanism of interaction between the rehabilitation staff and the ICU, in conditions of increased risk of infection of medical personnel. PR programs and therapeutic exercises complexes for different clinical situations (patient models) are proposed, depending on the severity of the patient’s condition, medical care conditions and the need for various respiratory support. © 2020 All-Russian Public Organization Antihypertensive League. All rights reserved
Vitamin D deficiency as a factor for immunity stimulation and lower risk of acute respiratory infections and COVID-19 [Витамин D как фактор повышения иммунитета и снижения риска развития острых респираторных вирусных инфекций и COVID-19]
No full textDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, the efforts of many researchers around the world are aimed at finding preventive and prophylactic measures as well as therapeutic agents against SARS-CoV-2. Recent studies have showed that vitamin D deficiency could be one of many factors associated with the development and severity of acute respiratory infections, and vitamin D could be used for prevention and treatment of these patients. This review summarizes data about the role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis and prevention of respiratory viral infections, including new coronavirus infection as well as mechanisms for reducing the risk of infection with vitamin D therapy. Probably, this review will be of interest for endocrinologists and other specialists. © 2020 All-Russian Public Organization Antihypertensive League. All rights reserved
Diagnosis and treatment of acute coronary syndrome during the novel coronavirus infection covid-19 pandemic
No full textThe novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 pandemic has spread to more than 180 countries. Cardiovascular patients belong to one of the susceptible population cohorts. There is a peculiar pathogenesis and variety of clinical manifestations of COVID-19, as well as difficulties with early diagnosis. Other unresolved issues are routing, surgery and therapy of such patients and comorbidities. Due to absence of well-defined algorithms and guidelines, the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in different countries is carried out differently. Interactions between antiviral and coronary artery disease medications are also not completely clear. Based on the available data, the main organizational and therapeutic approaches for ACS during the COVID-19 pandemic are reflected. © 2020, Silicea-Poligraf. All rights reserved
Criteria for rating the level and quality of digitalization of the educational process in universities of the russian federation [Критерии для рейтингования уровня и качества цифровизации процесса образования в вузах рФ]
No full textIntroduction. The article reflects the authors' system for calculating the level and quality of digitalization of the educational process in Russian universities. This task is actualized by a number of circumstances of modern realities. The need to create a digital twin / double for each university has become a trend due to the importance of providing applicants, students and graduates with the most accessible educational environment. The high-quality digital environment of a university during the spread of pandemics is an important condition for maintaining the stability of the educational process. Today, the ability of universities to quickly adapt the digital educational space to the needs of distance learning is a significant sign of the viability and quality of the management staff of higher education institutions. Methods and materials. To develop the system, the authors used a mathematical tool - the method of summary indicators for calculating the level of digitalization of universities, which allows to evaluate various characteristics of the value, efficiency and quality of objects with a significant number of different parameters. Analysis. To develop indicators - basic rating indicators - the authors used the results of a preliminary study of the best practices of digitalization of the university environment of leading foreign and Russian universities. The system takes into account the needs for digitalization of the educational environment of three different categories: applicants, students and graduates. Results. The introduction of the rating into the Russian practice will allow to justify a system of recommendations to university administrations to improve the level and quality of their digitalization of the educational process. © 2020 Volgograd State University. All rights reserved
The management of patients with neurological diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic
No full textThe article discusses the management of patients with various neurological diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic, taking into account the determination of the level of risk of infection. The possibility of increasing the risk of infection in patients with disability, especially with impaired function of the respiratory and bulbar muscles, limited mobility, and the presence of concomitant diseases, is indicated. The recommendations on the treatment of patients with stroke, neuromuscular diseases, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system, in particular, multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), as well as non-inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, atypical parkinsonism, dystonia, hereditary spastic paraplegia, infantile cerebral palsy, benign intracranial hypertension) are considered. Interactions of drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 and neurological diseases are given. Potential neurological complications of COVID-19 are overviewed. Potential neurological complications of COVID-19 were noted: anosmia, ageusia, viral meningitis, encephalitis, post-infectious stem encephalitis, acute necrotizing hemorrhagic leukoencephalopathy, Guillain–Barré syndrome, myositis. The importance of the fact that during the COVID-19 pandemic, when examining patients with neurological diseases, clinicians should take into account the possibility of a patient with COVID-19, and also consider it as a differential diagnosis in order to avoid diagnostic errors, prescribe timely treatment and prevent the spread of infection. © 2020 All-Russian Public Organization Antihypertensive League. All rights reserved
IgGs from human milk hydrolyze microRNAs
No full textMother’s milk provides breast-fed infants with various nutrients, including peptides, proteins, DNA, RNA, antibodies, and other bioactive components promoting neonatal growth and protecting infants from viral and bacterial infection. The functions of many human milk components regarding the nutrition and protection of newborns may be very different compared to those of various biological fluids of healthy adults. For example, human milk contains catalytic antibodies (abzymes) with protein, lipid, and oligosaccharide kinase activities, which are absent in the biological fluids of healthy people and autoimmune patients. Obviously, the nutrition of infants with fresh breast milk is a special phenomenon having a very specific and important role. Here, we have shown that mother’s milk IgGs effectively split homo-(pN)23, and four miRNAs: miR-137, miR-219a-5p, miR-219-2-3p, and miR-9-5p. It was shown that ribonuclease activity is a unique property of milk IgGs. On average, individual IgGs hydrolyze (pA)23, (pU)23, and (pC)23 nonspecifically and with comparable efficiency, whereas the hydrolysis of four miRNAs is predominately site-specific. The specific sites of the hydrolysis of four miRNAs by IgGs from the blood of schizophrenic (SCZ) patients and secretory immunoglobulins A (sIgAs) from human milk were found earlier. The sites of the hydrolysis of four miRNAs by milk IgGs and sIgA-abzymes are almost the same, but are significantly different in comparison with those for SCZ IgGs. In addition, in contrast to the SCZ IgGs, milk IgGs and sIgAs efficiently hydrolyzed miRNAs in the duplex regions formed by their terminal sequences. © 2020 by the authors
Non-mouse-adapted H1N1pdm09 virus as a model for influenza research
No full textThe number of lung-adapted influenza viruses is limited. Most of them are not antigenically related to current circulating viruses. Viruses similar to recent strains are required for screening modern antiviral compounds and studying new vaccine candidates against novel influenza viruses. The process by which an influenza virus adapts to a new host is rather difficult. The aim of this study was to select a non-adapted current virus whose major biological properties correspond to those of classical lab-adapted viruses. Mice were inoculated intranasally with non-lung-adapted influenza viruses of subtype H1N1pdm09. They were monitored closely for body weight loss, mortality outcomes and gross pathology for 14 days following inoculation, as well as viral replication in lung tissue. Lung-adapted PR8 virus was used as a control. The tested viruses multiplied equally well in the lower respiratory tract of mice without prior adaptation but dramatically differed in lethality; the differences in their toxicity and pathogenicity in mice were established. A/South Africa/3626/2013 (H1N1)pdm09 virus was found to be an appropriate candidate to replace PR8 as a model virus for influenza research. No prior adaptation to the animal model is needed to reach the pathogenicity level of the classical mouse-adapted PR8 virus. © 2020 by the authors
Pulmonary artery thrombosis: A diagnosis that strives for its independence
No full textAccording to a widespread theory, thrombotic masses are not formed in the pulmonary artery (PA) but result from migration of blood clots from the venous system. This concept has prevailed in clinical practice for more than a century. However, a new technologic era has brought forth more diagnostic possibilities, and it has been shown that thrombotic masses in the PA could, in many cases, be found without any obvious source of emboli. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, sickle cell anemia, emergency and elective surgery, viral pneumonia, and other conditions could be complicated by PA thrombosis development without concomitant deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Different pathologies have different causes for local PA thrombotic process. As evidenced by experimental results and clinical observations, endothelial and platelet activation are the crucial mechanisms of this process. Endothelial dysfunction can impair antithrombotic function of the arterial wall through downregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) or via stimulation of adhesion receptor expression. Hypoxia, proinflammatory cytokines, or genetic mutations may underlie the procoagulant phenotype of the PA endothelium. Both endotheliocytes and platelets could be activated by protease mediated receptor (PAR)-and receptors for advanced glycation end (RAGE)-dependent mechanisms. Hypoxia, in particular induced by high altitudes, could play a role in thrombotic complications as a trigger of platelet activity. In this review, we discuss potential mechanisms of PA thrombosis in situ. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland
Papain-like proteases as coronaviral drug targets: Current inhibitors, opportunities, and limitations
No full textPapain-like proteases (PLpro) of coronaviruses (CoVs) support viral reproduction and suppress the immune response of the host, which makes CoV PLpro perspective pharmaceutical targets. Their inhibition could both prevent viral replication and boost the immune system of the host, leading to the speedy recovery of the patient. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the third CoV outbreak in the last 20 years. Frequent mutations of the viral genome likely lead to the emergence of more CoVs. Inhibitors for CoV PLpro can be broad-spectrum and can diminish present and prevent future CoV outbreaks as PLpro from different CoVs have conservative structures. Several inhibitors have been developed to withstand SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV). This review summarizes the structural features of CoV PLpro, the inhibitors that have been identified over the last 20 years, and the compounds that have the potential to become novel effective therapeutics against CoVs in the near future. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland
Methodological justification of the possibility of participation of teachers in the implementation of school medicine project [Методологическое обоснование возможности участия педагогов в реализации проекта школьной медицины]
No full textIntroduction. The deterioration of the health and physical fitness of school children in recent decades has actualized the need to introduce a health-saving system in educational organizations and as one of its components - school medicine. The introduction of school medicine in education dictated the need to solve two problems: the creation of a material and technical base (school medical offices and their equipment) and the training of school medical workers (bachelors of school medicine) or the redistribution of medical workers from the health system to education. However, the quantitative deficit in the country of pediatricians and secondary medical workers dictated only the first option of solving the problem. In this logic, the project “School medicine” was developed, aimed the training of bachelors in this field in medical universities and their subsequent employment in educational organizations. However, the introduction of school medicine did not take into account the ability of the teaching staff to form and preserve the health of students in the process of education and upbringing. This prompted us to consider the possibility of teachers' participation in the implementation of this project as full members of the school medicine system. The purpose of the study: to justify the role and importance of teachers in the implementation of the project “School medicine”. Materials and Methods. The research methodology is based on modern concepts of health as a holistic system, including physical, mental and moral components that have a mutual influence on each other, and the inextricable connection of this system with the natural and social environment (the principles of integrity, consistency, unity). The analytical and synthetic methods to study the problem paper has been used. Results. Based on the data of the authors and generalization results, the main directions of teachers' work on creating a health-preserving environment in an educational organization, participating in screening diagnostics and monitoring of physical and mental health of pupils, forming a healthy and safe lifestyle, as well as cooperation with medical personnel in the implementation of medical and hygienic tasks defined in the project are shown. The system of assessment of pupils' health, which can be defined as the first stage of medical examination of schoolchildren, is presented. Conclusions. The authors come to the conclusion that the training of students of a pedagogical University with the introduction of the “School medicine” program can provide a comprehensive approach to assessing the health of students and the sanitary and hygienic conditions of the educational environment and the educational process using modern innovative technologies, which can be implemented by teachers both independently and in cooperation with medical personnel. © 2011–2020 Science for Education Today