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Overview of the III International Conference on Advanced Technologies in Aerospace, Mechanical and Automation Engineering – MIST: Aerospace-III-2020
No full textThe overview describes the main directions and results of the III International Conference on Advanced Technologies in Aerospace, Mechanical and Automation Engineering - MIST: Aerospace-III-2020 held in Krasnoyarsk in November 20-21, 2020. It gives the details about the participants and the proceedings
Decent Work During the Pandemic: Indication and Profiling Matters
No full textThe article is devoted to the study of theoretical and applied aspects of decent work during the period of unstable economy development associated with the pandemic. The aim of research is to identify key labor trends, determine valid indicators and analyze decent work profiles at the level of the world community, Russia and its regions. The authors analyzed the decent work profiles at the beginning and during the downturn of the pandemic; studied the components of decent work in the economy as a whole and at the regional level. Special attention is paid to the criteria of profiling, which determine the necessary investment directions and formats in ensuring decent work conditions in the country context. Indicators and an integral indicator of decent work, taking into account the conditions of the pandemic, including unemployment; expenditure in GDP and payments against the subsistence minimum; loss of working time due to restrictive measures; the proportion of workers transferred to remote employment; Wage change rate; occupational safety index and others are proposed. The materials can be of practical value for the employment policy directions development at the regional and Federal levels of Russia, taking into account the current epidemiological situation and employment digitalization strategic priorities
Legal regulation of gene editing procedure: USA and EU experience
No full textThe problem of legal regulation of gene editing in recent years has obviously become global in nature due to the lack of unified systematic legislation in the world. The authors set a goal to study the main existing regulatory legal acts and determine whether there is currently an array of legislation that protects and at the same time establishes responsibility for the «editors» of the genome and persons who have given consent to it, before future generations, who will receive the edited gene, but who did not actually ask for it. The authors analyzed the most known general public cases related to patent disputes for the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology and came to the conclusion that the strong desire to obtain the legal status of the author of the CRISPR/Cas9 genome modification technology is explained not by scientific ambitions but by commercial interest in a promising technology
Biopolitics, biotechnologies, biomedicine, and biolaw as forms of bioregulation
No full textModern science, education, and medicine are increasingly becoming the primary agents of biopolitics. Biomedicine is emerging, and before our eyes, it is becoming a part of the social sphere and, in the long term, a part of the new economic order and one of the state’s main agents of biopolitics. In this regard, attention to ethical and legal issues in biomedicine will only increase in the coming years. The study’s objective was to determine the role and legal nature of biotechnologies, biopolitics, biomedicine, bioethics, and biolaw as forms of bioregulation. The methodological basis of this work was provided by general scientific methods of cognition of legal phenomena, such as synthesis, the method of analogy, formal logic, and others, as well as private, scientific methods of research of biotechnology, biopolitics, biomedicine, bioethics, and biolaw as forms of bioregulation. The issue is considered from the perspective of the concept of four “BIOs”: biotechnology-biosafety-bioeconomics-biopolitics. It is concluded that the role of not only bioethics but also the emerging biolaw in the implementation of biopolitics, i.e., policies aimed at the development of the economy, social sphere, and society, taking into account the new realities formed under the onslaught of modern biological technologies, is significantly increasing. Progress in biology and medicine led to the need to combine scientific and theoretical, and socio-cultural knowledge to solve society’s problems, bioethics began to take shape. The authors propose the accelerated development of biolaw as a supra-sectoral legal formation, allowing from the perspective of a systematic approach to combining the achievements of both established sectoral legal sciences (administrative law, civil law, etc.) and medical law, pharmaceutical law to solve new problems, leveling of biological threats, risks, ensuring biological safety. The development of biolaw cannot be done without the interdisciplinary approach provided by links with bioethics, biology, medicine, economics, public health, healthcare, and others
Implementation of the agricultural university educational programs during a pandemic: participants’ opinions
No full textThe article presents the results of a study of the opinions of students and teachers of the southern region of Russia about the learning process in higher education programs during the COVID-19 pandemic. We carried out a comparative analysis of the quality of the implementation of educational programs in the assessments of participants in the process during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020) and its peak values (November-December 2020). The positive and negative consequences of transferring training to a distance learning format are formulated. Among the positive consequences are: the availability of training from anywhere; more flexible training, focused on the educational needs of students; new formats of social student life; more accessible communication with teachers. We analyzed the experience of the educational community presented in publications during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data obtained provide an understanding of the importance of the development and implementation of new organizational and methodological approaches for the effective response of higher education to external global challenges of our time
The education system transformation during and post COVID-19
No full textThe article presents various approaches to the transformation of the modern education system in the world in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors suggest the following recommendations based on the research: a) the authorities should focus on developing strategies for rapid implementation of specific measures to support students and teachers throughout the forced break in the educational process; b) technical and organizational support is needed for the population of Russian regions due to various reasons that don’t have the necessary equipment, Internet connection and other online tools; c) protecting the rights of employees in secondary and higher education; d) ensuring social equality and inclusiveness, avoiding additional social stratification; e) protecting the personal information of students and teachers, preventing or minimizing risks arising from interaction in the virtual space, including cyberbullying. Also the authors believe that the forced mass transition contributes to the fact that distance technologies are expected to boom in the near future, which has been discussed for several years. Experts in the field of educational policy predict the flourishing of e-learning in Russia. It is predicted that educational institutions will not return to the traditional format of education in full after the end of the quarantine
Topical directions of didactics development in the XXI century
No full textThe paper analyzes challenges of modern society affecting changes in education that determines the current directions of didactics development. The authors establish that in didactics there are: 1) expansion of the set of objects studied by didactics (the study of general secondary education is supplemented by the study of higher, corporate, family education, education of students with different educational needs), consideration of the learning process in the context of digitalization; 2) the development of methodological approaches to didactic research (activation of empirical research, an increase in the role of research methods of the humanities in didactics, setting the task of developing evidence-based learning research); 3) activation of interdisciplinary research in education (consideration of didactic objects from the standpoint of related sciences - didactics, psychology, cognitive science, sociology). The paper consideres conceptual provisions in the development of didactics of higher education
International Legal Regulation of Genetic Research and Implementation of International Legal Standards in this sphere into Russian Legislation
No full textThe article analyzes the topical issues of international legal regulation of genetic research; it provides a comparative analysis of two groups of international acts regulating relations related to genetic research and application of their results on creation, use and circulation of genetically modified organisms (except humans), on the study of human genome and application of their results. The article deals with the issues of objects and methods of genetic research regulation, balance of interests as the basis for legal regulation of public relations in the field of genomic research. It also considers approaches to ensuring a balance of private, group and common (public) interests. Criticism of certain provisions of the Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine is given, the question of the inadmissibility of legal opposition between the protection of human rights and the interests of science and society as a whole is raised. The authors put forward proposals on the implementation of a number of international norms in Russian legislation and its further improvement, as well as on the use of blockchain technology in genetic research
State and prospects of distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic
No full textProblem and goal. In Russian society, the simultaneous and mass transition to distance learning of educational organizations in March 2020 in connection with a new coronavirus infection caused a sharp discussion about the effectiveness and consequences of this format of training, as well as about the prospects for its use after the COVID-19 pandemic. In the current conditions, the education system is faced with the task of training specialists in the face of the uncertainty of the future and the accelerated digitalization of the economy. The purpose of the research is to analyze the main factors influencing the development and spread of distance learning in the coming years, as well as the possible short and long-term consequences of switching to distance learning in higher education institutions. Methodology. The analysis of the scientific literature and practical activities, as well as experienced teaching, was used in the study. Results. The content and form of education will significantly transform in the long term. Today the necessary digital competencies cannot be acquired within the framework of the traditional educational process (lectures, seminars, exams in oral form), without the systematic use of information technologies in the educational process. Information technologies will be in high demand by graduates and will allow them to be prepared for the practical use of IT in the workplace. In addition, it can significantly improve the effectiveness of training because it allows to implement an individual learning trajectory, personalize training, remove restrictions on the time and place of training, and increase the visibility and interactivity of the educational process. Conclusion. Online education, e-learning using distance learning technologies in the long term will meet the demand of students and society for training in an uncertain future. Thanks to information technologies, conditions are created for active cognitive and educational activities of students, individualization of training is provided, turning the student into an active and equal participant in the educational process, including by refusing to provide ready-made differentiated knowledge, which leads to the formation of the reproductive nature of thinking in students
Significance of the China-Mongolia-Russia economic corridor for the Irkutsk Region and Mongolia
No full textThe paper considers the issue of implementing the Silk Road Economic Belt and especially the China-Mongolia-Russia transport corridor and its influence on the development of the Irkutsk Region and Mongolia as intracontinental peripheries. According to customs statistics, the Irkutsk Region mostly exports aluminum to the well-developed countries of the West and mineral fuel, timber, and cellulose to the East (China, Japan, and South Korea), and after increasing the throughput of railways, it will strengthen its export-resource dependence subject to the current trends. Mongolia has the same problems because the Mongolian economy has limited diversification and is strongly dependent on the extracting industry. Routes of the China-Mongolia-Russia economic belt fit the objects of the promising project “New Angarstroy” that makes the Irkutsk Region a full-fledged member of this concept. The convergence of the commodity markets of Siberia and Mongolia resulted from the shortened economic distance makes it possible to develop efficient end-use production facilities up to the creation of cross-border Russian-Mongolian territorial production complexes. On the other hand, distances are not so critical circumstances for building an innovative economy. However, the main problems of regional development within the framework of the initiative lie in the institutional and political field, i.e. the mechanisms of financing suggested in the concept of the Silk Road Economic Belt are not efficiently used in the territories of Siberia and Mongolia