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Reproduktivno zdravlje žena sa oštećenjem vida
Get PDFResults of numerous studies emphasize insufficient system efficacy in the realization
of reproductive rights of women with disabilities. These women usually claim that the
services related to this area are often unreachable and inaccessible, that they lack the
information on reproductive health in the necessary form, that they encounter stereotypes
and prejudices related to their sexuality and their realization in the role of a partner in a
relationship and marriage. Visually impaired women are especially sensitive to this
topic. Therefore, it often happens that they ignore certain health problems, contact the
gynecologist too late, which can lead to late diagnosis. One of the impressions is also
that the level of their knowledge about reproductive health increases with the number of
their interactions and informal education through mass media.
The aim of this paper is to depict the existing international and national normative
frame which regulates the reproductive health of women with disabilities and to
emphasize the problems related to the reproductive health of visually impaired women.
It will also provide recommendations for amendments of the national normative frame.U velikom broju zemalja još uvek postoje slabosti u obezbeđenju doslednog pristupa preventivnim programima i uslugama iz područja reproduktivnog zdravlja
ženama sa invaliditetom. Iako i na međunarodnom i na nacionalnom nivou postoji pravni okvir za bolji pristup ovim uslugama, on uglavnom nije dovoljno pravno konkretizovan, a samim tim je i nedovoljno primenjen u praksi. Dodatna podrška ženama sa oštećenjem vida u sistemu zdravstvene zaštite, prevenciji i sistemu lečenja retko je prepoznata, te je njihovo odsustvo na ginekološkim klinikama u značajnoj meri podiglo interesovanje udruženja slepih i slabovidih, kao i teoretičara, oko toga kako one pristupaju informacijama i uslugama iz domena reproduktivnog zdravlja. Poznato je da se često susreću sa strukturalnim i komunikativnim barijerama, nespremnošću profesionalaca i često komplikovanom pristupu zdravstvenoj nezi i akcijama usmerenim na reproduktivno zdravlje. Sa druge
strane, seksualni razvoj adolescenata sa oštećenjem vida pokazuje iste karakteristike razvoja kao kod adolescenata tipičnog razvoja. Slepe devojke, kao i devojke
bez oštećenja vida, pokušavaju da definišu svoj identitet i mesto u društvu, da
otkriju sopstvenu seksualnost i da je dožive. U tome ih često onemogućuju ili
ograničavaju nedostajuće ili nedovoljne informacije o temi, pa samim tim i loše
razumevanje onoga što im se dešava. Devojke sa oštećenjem vida takođe imaju potrebu za ostvarivanjem u partnerskoj ulozi, emocionalnom i seksualnom povezanošću, zainteresovane su da steknu znanje o svom telu, seksualnom i reproduktivnom zdravlju.
U sprovedenim studijama istaknuta je potreba da se ženama sa oštećenjem vida
kontinuirano obezbeđuju informacije o pristupu uslugama reproduktivnog zdravlja. Preporuka je i da se tokom poseta izabranim lekarima i drugim profesionalcima sa kojima su ove žene često u kontaktu ukazuje na značaj redovnih godišnjih
poseta ginekologu. Osnaživanja multisektorskog pristupa ovom pitanju je takođe
značajno i prepoznato kroz neprestano podučavanje svih pružalaca usluga u sistemu: zdravstvenih radnika, stručnih radnika u socijalnoj zaštiti, prosvetnih radnika, organizacija saveza slepih i slabovidih.
Nadležna tela relevantna za ovo pitanje treba da se posvete pitanju zaštite reproduktivnog i seksualnog zdravlja žena sa invaliditetom, kao i borbi protiv diskriminacije ovih žena, te da osmisle i sprovode kampanju kroz medije, predavanja
i na drugi način, na ovu temu. Pored toga, potrebno je u javnim budžetima obezbediti sredstva za poseban pristup uslugama zaštite reproduktivnog zdravlja ženama
sa invaliditetom. I, na kraju, ali ne i manje bitno, ove mere bi trebalo prilagoditi svakoj grupi žena sa invaliditetom, s obzirom na vrstu invaliditeta, te informacije i olakšani pristup uslugama adaptirati na način kojim se prevazilaze konkretne prepreke na koje one nailaze
Problemi u vezi sa reproduktivnim i seksualnim zdravljem mladih sa oštećenjem vida
Get PDFZnanje o reproduktivnom i seksualnom zdravlju, kontracepciji, polno
prenosivim bolestima i rizicima važni su za korišćenje zdravstvenih usluga i drugih oblika
podrške koji su posebno potrebni mladima kako bi se zaštitili od polno prenosivih bolesti
i sačuvali zdravlje. Rezultati brojnih studija ukazuju da se osobe sa oštećenjem vida
susreću sa mnogobrojnim barijerama i često komplikovanim pristupom zdravstvenoj
zaštiti i akcijama usmerenim na očuvanje reproduktivnog i seksualnog zdravlja.
Kako bi se celovito i sistematski razvijala svest o potrebi čuvanja i unapređenja
reproduktivnog i seksualnog zdravlja, potrebno je obezbediti kontinuirane zdravstveno
obrazovne programe i informacije iz tačnih izvora. Multisektorski pristup je izuzetno
važan za korišćenje usluga reproduktivnog i seksualnog zdravlja i moguće ga je postići
edukacijama svih pružalaca usluga u sistemu: zdravstvenih radnika, stručnih radnika u
socijalnoj zaštiti, prosvetnih radnika, organizacija saveza slepih i slabovidih.
Cilj rada je opisati probleme u vezi sa reproduktivnim i seksualnim zdravljem
mladih osoba sa oštećenjem vida
The phenomenon of signed music in Deaf culture
Get PDFUvod. Muzika u zajednici Gluvih je sociokulturni fenomen koji oslikava specifičan identitet i način doživljavanja sveta, koji je jednako raznovrstan, bogat i sadržajan kao i kod pripadnika bilo koje druge kulture. Cilj. Cilj ovog rada je da ukaže na istorijske i sociokulturne okvire, složenost, bogatstvo, specifične elemente, vrste i oblike muzičkog izražavanja pripadnika zajednice Gluvih. Metode. Primenjene metode su uporedna analiza, evaluacija i sistem dedukcije i indukcije. Rezultati. Zbog ograničenja ili nedostatka auditivne komponente pripadnici kulture Gluvih koriste različite komunikacione alate, poput govora, pantomime, izraza lica i znakovnog jezika. Znakovana muzika kao fenomen je umetnička forma koja nema dugu istoriju, ali od devedesetih godina prošlog veka i sa tehnološkim razvojem zadobija sve veće interesovanje i priznanje u zajednici Gluvih i među „slušateljima”. Znakovana muzika koristi specifične vizuo-prostornokinestetičke i auditivne elemente u izražavanju, poput ritma, dinamike, rime, izražajnosti, ikoničnosti, intenziteta muzičke percepcije i kombinacije uloge izvođača. Zaključak. Znakovana muzika kao fenomen je umetnička forma koja inkorporira znakovane poetske karakteristike (lirske sadržaje), vizuelne muzičke elemente i ples.Introduction. Music in the Deaf community is a socio-cultural phenomenon that depicts a specific identity and way of experiencing the world, which is just as diverse, rich and meaningful as that of members of any other culture. Objective. The aim of this paper was to point out the historical and socio-cultural frameworks, complexity, richness, specific elements, types and forms of musical expression of members of the Deaf community. Methods. The applied methods included comparative analysis, evaluation, and deduction and induction system. Results. Due to limitations or a lack of auditive component, the members of Deaf culture use different communication tools, such as speech, pantomime, facial expressions and sign language. Signed music, as a phenomenon, is the artistic form which does not have long history. However, since the nineties of the past century and with technological development, it has been gaining greater interest and acknowledgement within the Deaf community and among the hearing audience. Signed music uses specific visuo-spatial-kinaesthetic and auditive elements in expression, such as rhythm, dynamism, rhyme, expressiveness, iconicity, intensity of the musical perception and the combination of the role of the performer. Conclusion. Signed music as a phenomenon is an art form that incorporates sign poetic characteristics (lyrical contents), visual musical elements and dance
The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the quality of life in children and adults with speech disorders
Get PDFKvalitet života pojedinca obuhvata široke domene zdravstvenih, socijalnih, emocionalnih i profesionalnih aspekata. Pojava pandemije COVID-19 uslovila je uvođenje specifičnih epidemioloških mera, što je dovelo do promena u dnevnim rutinama svih ljudi. Ove promene su znatno uticale i na njihovo psihosocijalno funkcionisanje. Posebno su se ovakve okolnosti odrazile i na psihosocijalno funkcionisanje dece i odraslih sa poremećajima govora. Razumevanje njihovih emocija i odgovora od suštinskog je značaja za pravilno rešavanje njihovih po- treba tokom pandemije COVID-19.
Cilj ovoga rada je da se pregledom literature dođe do novih saznanja o vezi između pandemije COVID-19 i kvaliteta života kod dece i odraslih sa poremećajem govora. Pregled literature obavljen je preko pretraživača Google Scholar Advanced Search i Konzorcijuma biblioteka Srbije za objedinjenu nabavku – KoBSON. U uvodnom delu dat je pregled shvatanja uloge kvaliteta života i njenog značaja za celokupan razvoj. Nakon toga istaknut je značaj istraživanja uticaja pandemije COVID-19 na kvalitet života dece i odraslih sa poremećajem govora. Na samom kraju izvršena je elaboracija teorijskih razmatranja o kvali- tetu života odraslih osoba koje mucaju i koje se smatraju najvulnerabilnijom patologijom govora u vreme pandemije COVID-19.
Dostupna istraživanja su pokazala da pandemija COVID-19 može u znatnoj meri da naruši kvalitet života dece i odraslih sa poremećajima govora. U skladu sa tim preporučuje se osmišljavanje strategija za pružanje što ranije pod- rške deci i odraslima sa poremećajima govora u cilju smanjenja dugoročnih efe- kata na njihov kvalitet života.The quality of life of an individual encompasses broad domains, health, social, emotional and professional aspects. The appearance of the COVID-19 pandemic conditioned the introduction of specific
epidemiological measures, which led to a change in the daily routines of all people.
These changes significantly affect and affect their psychosocial functioning. These environments were especially reflected in the psychosocial functioning of children and adults with speech disorders. Understanding their emotions and responses is essential to properly address their needs during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The aim of this paper is to review the literature to gain new insights into the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and quality of life in children and adults with speech disorders. The literature review was performed through the Google Scholar Advanced Search search engine and the Consortium of the Library of Serbia for Unified Procurement – KoBSON. The introductory part provides an overview of the understanding of quality of life and its importance for overall development. After that, the importance of researching the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of life of children and adults with speech disorders was emphasized. At the very end, the theoretical considerations on the quality of life of stuttering adults were elaborated, which are considered to be the most vulnerable speech pathology at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Available research has shown that the COVID-19 pandemic can significantly impair the quality of life of children and adults with speech disorders. Accordingly, it is recommended to devise a strategy to provide Serbian children and adults with speech disorders as early as possible in order to reduce the long-term effects on their quality
Social Cognition in Patients With Cerebellar Neurodegenerative Disorders
Get PDFObjectiveCerebellar neurodegenerative disorders (CDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders. It is known that the cerebellum plays a role not only in motor, but also in cognitive and social cognitive functions. The aim of this study was to investigate social cognition in patients with different CDs.Materials and MethodsSocial cognition was examined in 34 patients, 12 with spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1), 6 with spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2), and 16 with idiopathic late onset cerebellar ataxia (ILOCA). All patients were clinically evaluated using the Scale for the Rating and Assessment of Ataxia. In addition, 34 age, sex, and education-matched healthy control (HC) subjects were similarly analyzed. Social cognition was studied using two tests: the Faux Pas Recognition Test and the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET). An appropriate array of neuropsychological tests was used to assess the global cognitive status as well as the frontal functions and mood.ResultsCD patients achieved significantly worse results on both tests of social cognition compared to the HCs. The SCA1 + 2 group achieved the poorest results on the Faux Pas Recognition Test and exhibited poor performance on all cognitive tests, but was only significantly worse compared to the ILOCA group on the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) – recognition. The patients in the SCA1 + 2 and ILOCA groups obtained similar scores on RMET. In the SCA1 + 2 group the findings significantly correlated with clinical parameters of disease severity and duration and executive functions (EFs), and with mood and executive functions in the ILOCA group. In the SCA group EFs appeared as the only significant predictor of RMET achievement. The Boston Naming Test (BTN) was a significant predictor of the CD patients’ achievement on RMET, while the BTN, the Trail Making Test Part A and FCSRT – Delayed free recall predicted their performance on the Faux Pas Recognition Test.ConclusionPatients with CD have social cognitive impairments as demonstrated by the Faux Pas Test and the RMET test results. The SCA1 and 2 patients exhibited a more pronounced impairment compared with the ILOCA patients. The independent cognitive predictors of social cognition impairment were EFs and language
Maladaptive emotion regulation and attachment dimensions: is the suppression of emotion expression related to attachment insecurity?
Get PDFUvod: Povezanost kvaliteta vezanosti i određenih aspekata regulacije emocija bila je predmet brojnih studija. Po nekim shvatanjima, i adaptivne i maladaptivne strategije prevladavanja se mogu posmatrati kao manifestacije sistema vezanosti. U okviru Grosovog modela regulacije emocija, suzbijanje ekspresije emocija se smatra maladaptivnom strategijom, koja je usmerena na emocionalni odgovor i u vezi je sa teškoćama u nekim psihosocijalnim domenima: sa intenzivnijim doživljavanjem negativnih emocija, problemima u interpersonalnoj sferi, nižom psihološkom dobrobiti, itd.
Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja je da dodatno ispita povezanost između dimenzija vezanosti sa maladaptivnom regulacijom emocija.
Metode: Dimenzije vezanosti su procenjene Upitnikom za procenu afektivnog vezivanja koji obuhvata 7 supskala: Korišćenje spoljašnje baze sigurnosti, Strah od gubitka spoljašnje baze sigurnosti, Nerazrešena porodična traumatizacija, Negativan model selfa, Negativan model drugih, Slaba regulacija besa i Kapacitet za mentalizaciju. Suzbijanje ekspresije emocija, koje predstavlja maladaptivnu strategiju regulacije emocija, procenjeno je Upitnikom o regulaciji emocija (Emotion Regulation Questionnaire). Iz inicijalnog uzorka (N=190) su izdvojene dve grupe: 1) ispitanici (N1=61) čiji su skorovi na skali Suzbijanje ekspresije emocija ispod prvog kvartila („nisko suzbijanje”) i 2) ispitanici (N2=62) sa skorovima iznad trećeg kvartila na istoj skali („visoko suzbijanje”). Učesnici u istraživanju su bili studenti specijalne edukacije i rehabilitacije sa Univerziteta u Beogradu.
Rezultati: T-test za nezavisne uzorke je ukazao na značajno niže skorove na skalama Korišćenje spoljašnje baze sigurnosti (t=6,115; df=121; p<0,001) i Strah od gubitka spoljašnje baze sigurnosti (t=2,391; df=121; p<0,05), a povišene skorove na skalama Negativan model selfa (t=-3,543; df=121; p<0,001), Negativan model drugih (t=-2,871; df=121; p<0,01) i Slaba regulacija besa (t=-2,411; df=121; p<0,05) u grupi u kojoj je suzbijanje bilo učestalije (tzv. „visoko suzbijanje”).
Zaključak: Prema dobijenim rezultatima, ispitanici koji češće suzbijaju izražavanje emocija takođe imaju i odlike vezanosti tipične za nesigurne obrasce vezanosti. Nalazi predstavljaju potvrdu maladaptivne prirode suzbijanja ekspresije emocija kao uobičajene regulatorne strategije.Introduction: The relationship between attachment quality and certain aspects of emotion regulation was demonstrated in numerous studies. By some evidence, both adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies may be viewed as manifestations of the attachment system. Within the Gross’ model of emotion regulation, suppression of emotion expression is considered to be a maladaptive response-focused emotion regulation strategy, associated with difficulties in certain psycho-social domains: higher levels of negative emotions, interpersonal dysfunction, less wellbeing, etc.
Aim: The goal of this study was to further explore a link between attachment dimensions with maladaptive emotion regulation.
Methods: Attachment dimensions were assessed by the Questionnaire for Attachment Assessment, comprising 7 subscales: Use of Secure Base, Anxiety about Losing Secure Base, Unresolved Family Traumatization, Negative Working Model of Self, Negative Working Model of Others, Poor Anger Regulation, and Capacity for Mentalization. Suppression of emotion expression as a maladaptive emotion regulation strategy was assessed using the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. From the initial sample (N=190) two groups were formed: 1) respondents (N1=61) with scores on Suppression of emotion expression scale below the first quartile (“low suppression”) and 2) those (N2=62) with scores above the third quartile on the same scale of ERQ (“high suppression”). Subjects were special education and rehabilitation students from the University of Belgrade.
Results: T-test for independent samples revealed significantly lower scores on the scales Use of Secure Base (t=6.115; df=121; p<.001) and Anxiety about Losing Secure Base (t=2.391; df=121, p<.05), and higher scores on Negative Working Model of Self (t=-3.543; df=121; p<.001), Negative Working Model of Others (t=-2.871; df=121; p<.01) and Poor Anger Regulation (t=-2.411; df=121; p<.05) in the “high suppression” group.
Conclusion: According to the results, subjects who suppress emotion expression more also report the characteristics of attachment typical for insecure attachment patterns. These findings confirm the maladaptive nature of expressive suppression as a usual emotion regulation strategy
Manifestations of cerebral visual impairment in children with multiple disabilities
Get PDFUvod: Cerebralno oštećenje vida je neurološki poremećaj koji nastaje kao posledica lezije u beloj moždanoj masi. Smatra se najčešćim uzrokom oštećenja vida kod prevremeno rođene dece i dece s cerebralnom paralizom. Osim toga, medicinska stanja kod kojih se javlja ovaj tip oštećenja vida uključuju i periventrikularnu leukomalaciju, hipoksičnu ishemičnu encefalopatiju, moždani udar, različite infekcije, strukturalne abnormalnosti, traume (npr. povrede glave), metaboličke poremećaje.
Zbog kompleksne neurološke i neurooftalmološke etiologije, ovo stanje se često ne dijagnostikuje ili se dijagnostikuje pogrešno.
Cilj: Na osnovu pregleda literature opisati karakteristike vizuelnog ponašanja koje se javlja kod višestruko ometene dece i koje može ukazati na prisustvo oštećenja vida usled neuroloških smetnji.
Metod: Prikupljanje podataka je izvršeno pregledom dostupnih štampanih izvora, kao i elektronskih baza ERIC, JSTOR, Google Scholar, sa odgovrajućim ključnim rečima.
Rezultati: Cerebralno oštećenje vida najčešće se manifestuje kao neuobičajeno zurenje u izvor svetla i nedostatak vizuelnih refleksnih odgovora. Uočena je pojava preferencije posmatranja jednobojnih i/ili poznatih predmeta, predmeta koji se kreću ili koji reflektuju svetlo, kao i nemogućnost prepoznavanja udaljenih predmeta. Latencija u davanju adekvatnog vizuomotornog odgovora i ispadi u vidnom polju takođe mogu ukazati na prisutnost promena na nivou mozga. Složenost vizuelnog okruženja (zasićenost predmetima, bojama, šarama i sl.) ima upadljivo negativan uticaj na vizuelnu percepciju dece s višestrukim smetnjama. Vizuelna disfunkcija može biti različitog stepena – teška, umerena ili laka, ali je začajno istaći da ona ne predstavlja indikaciju detetovih kognitivnih sposobnosti.
Zaključak: Bez obzira na stepen vizuelne disfunkcije, karakteristično je da vizuelno funkcionisanje fluktuira tokom dana u zavisnosti od sredinskih faktora, doba dana, detetovog zdravstvenog stanja, terapije lekovima, što znatno otežava procenu. Iako vrlo složena, procena vizuelnog funkcionisanja dece s višestrukom ometenošću predstavlja temelj za kreiranje individualnih programa intervencije. Stoga je izuzetno značajno poznavati karakteristike vizuelnog ponašanja koje koja ukazuju na ovo neurološko stanje.Introduction: Cerebral visual impairment is a neurological disorder that occurs as a consequence of a lesion in the white matter of the brain. It is considered to be the most common cause of visual impairment in premature babies and children with cerebral palsy. In addition to brain damage, medical conditions in which this type of impairment occurs include periventricular leukomalacia, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, stroke, various infections, structural abnormalities, trauma (e.g. head injuries), and metabolic disorders.
Due to the complex neurological and neuroophthalmological etiology, this condition is often undiagnosed or misdiagnosed.
Aim: Based on the literature review, to describe characteristics of visual behavior which occur in children with multiple disabilities and which could indicate the presence of visual impairment due to neurological disorders.
Method: Data was collected by reviewing available printed sources, as well as electronic databases ERIC, JSTOR, Google Scholar, with appropriate keywords.
Results: Cerebral visual impairment is most often manifested as unusual staring at a light source and lack of visual reflex responses. The preference for observing monochromatic and/or known objects, moving or reflecting objects, as well as the inability of recognizing distant objects were noted.
Latency in giving an adequate visuomotor response and visual field deficits may also indicate the presence of changes at the brain level. The complexity of the visual environment (saturation with objects, colors, patterns, etc.) has a noticeable negative impact on the visual perception of children with multiple disabilities. Visual dysfunction can be of varying degrees – severe, moderate or mild, but it is important to point out that it is not an indication of the child’s cognitive abilities.
Conclusion: Regardless of the visual dysfunction degree, it is characteristic that visual functioning fluctuates during the day depending on environmental factors, part of the day, child’s health condition, drug therapy, which significantly complicates the assessment. Although very complex, the assessment of the visual functioning of children with multiple disabilities is the foundation for creating individual intervention programs.
Therefore, it is extremely important to know the characteristic of visual behavior that indicate this neurological condition
Apert syndrome and the use of assistive technology in special education and rehabilitation
Get PDFUvod: Postoji stalna potreba da se upoznaju i razumeju razlike i potrebe dece sa specifičnim razvojnim problemima kako bi se obezbedio odgovarajući tretman i mogućnost za prilagođeno i svima dostupno obrazovanje. Asistivne tehnologije i pomagala omogućavaju osobama koje ih koriste veći stepen nezavisnosti i samostalnosti, bogatiji i aktivniji život. Takođe im omogućavaju pristup sadržajima koji bi im bili potpuno nedostupni ili teško dostupni bez upotrebe pomagala. Apertov sindrom je identifikovan kao oblik kraniosinostoze i često je udružen sa teškoćama u intelektualnom razvoju i procesu komunikacije.
Cilj: Cilj ovog preglednog rada je da ukaže na postojanje teškoća u iniciranju kontakta, održavanju interakcije i dvosmerne komunikacije sa socijalnim okruženjem kod osoba sa Apertovim sindromom kao i mogućnosti primene asistivne tehnologije pri olakšavanju ovih teškoća.
Metod: Za pretragu postojeće literature korišćen je pretraživač Google Scholar, SCIndex, ProQuest, i servis Konzorcijuma biblioteka Srbije za objedinjenu nabavku (KOBSON). Pretraživani su radovi na srpskom i engleskom jeziku. Ključne reči korišćene prilikom pretrage su bile Apertov sindrom, asistivna tehnologija, rehabilitacija, augmentativna i alternativna komunikacjia.
Rezultati: Rad je podeljen u konceptualne celine. U uvodnom delu dat je prikaz fizičkih i saznajnih karakteristika i mogućnosti njihovog tretmana. Druga konceptualna celina rada sa teorijskog aspekta obuhvata mogućnosti obrazovanja i rehabilitacije primenom asistivne tehnologije i asisitivne augmentativne tehnike, primenjene u cilju pomoći i olakšanog razvoja i funkcionisanja osoba sa ovim sindromom. Objašnjen je i pojam asistivne tehnologije u kontekstu ciljeva istraživanja.
Zaključak: Predmet rada su deca sa Apertovim sindromom i koncept asistivne tehnologije, a rezultati rada obuhvataju najvažnije postavke i podatke dobijene komparativnom analizom i sintezom stavova različitih autora u ovoj oblasti u poslednjih nekoliko godina. Doprinos rada odnosi se na praktične vrednosti rada, oličene u mogućnostima adaptacije prepoznavanja osnovnih karakteristika ovog sindroma u odnosu na mogućnost adaptiranja obrazovnih, psiholoških, specijalno-pedagoških i govorno-jezičkih metoda osposobljavanja ovih lica, a u odnosu na to ponuđena konkretna rešenja iz računarske tehnologije primenljiva u nastavnim i aktivnostima svakodnevnog življenja.Introduction: There is a constant need to know and understand the differences and needs of children with specific developmental problems in order to provide appropriate treatment and the opportunity for tailored and accessible education. Assistive technologies and aids provide people who use them with a greater degree of independence and autonomy, a richer and more active life. They also give them access to content that would be completely inaccessible or difficult to access without the use of aids. Apert syndrome, which has been identified as a form of craniosynostosis, is often associated with difficulties in intellectual development and the communication process.
Aim: The aim of this review is to point out the existence of difficulties in initiating contact, maintaining interaction and two-way communication with the social environment in people with Apert syndrome, as well as the possibility of applying assistive technology to alleviate these difficulties.
Method: Google Scholar, SCIndex, ProQuest, and the service of the Serbian Library Consortium for Unified Procurement (KOBSON) were used to search the existing literature. Papers in Serbian and English were searched. The key words used during the search were assistive technology, alternative and augmentative communication, Apert syndrome, intellectual disability.
Results: The paper is divided into conceptual units. In the introductory part, a presentation of physical and cognitive characteristics and possibilities of their treatment is given. The second conceptual unit of work from the theoretical aspect includes the possibilities of education and rehabilitation using assistive technology and assistive augmentative techniques, applied in order to help and facilitate the development and functioning of people with this syndrome. The notion of assistive technology in the context of research goals is also explained.
Conclusion: Children with Apert syndrome and the concept of assistive technology are the subject of the paper, and the results include the most important settings and data obtained by comparative analysis and synthesis of views of various authors in this field in recent years.
The contribution of the work refers to the practical values of the work, embodied in the possibilities of adapting the recognition of the basic characteristics of this syndrome in relation to the possibility of adapting educational, psychological, special pedagogical and speech-language training methods of these persons in teaching and activities of daily living
The Importance of Educational Interventions for the Overcoming of Obstacles in the Employment of Intellectually Disabled Persons
Get PDFUprkos zakonskim okvirima usmerenim na promociju i zaštitu prava na rad osoba sa ometenošću, one se još uvek suočavaju sa velikim teškoćama na tržištu rada. U posebno nepovoljnom položaju su osobe s intelektualnom ometenošću, prevashodno zbog negativnih stavova građanstva utemeljenih na nedostatku znanja i informacija o njihovim radnim potencijalima. Istraživanje je sprovedeno s ciljem da se utvrde najčešće barijere u zapošljavanju osoba s intelektualnom ometenošću, percipirane od zaposlenih osoba bez invaliditeta. Ispitan je prigodan uzorak od 269 ispitanika oba pola, različitog nivoa obrazovanja, koji su zaposleni u privatnom i državnom sektoru u Republici Srbiji. Analiza dobijenih rezultata upućuje na potrebu za određenom vrstom obrazovnih intervencija čijim bi se programima povećale informisanost i svest zaposlenih o pravu na rad osoba s intelektualnom ometenošću, promovisala različitost i kreirala inkluzivna radna sredina. Različiti vidovi obuke, reinterpretacije i transformacije prethodnih iskustava, informisanja i ostvarivanja pozitivnih kontakta sa osobama s intelektualnom ometenošću u realizaciji multidisciplinarnog tima stručnjaka obezbedilo bi stabilnu bazu za uklanjanje prepreka u procesu zapošljavanja.In spite of the legal framework intended for the promotion and protection of rights of the disabled, such persons are still facing significant difficulties in the labour market. Intellectually disabled persons are in a particularly difficult position, primarily due to the negative perceptions held by citizenry which stem from the lack of knowledge and information about their labour potentials. We conducted research in order to determine the most prevalent obstacles in the employment of intellectually disabled persons, as perceived by employed non-disabled persons. The research comprised a sample of 269 subjects of both sexes, of differing educational levels and employed in the private and public sector in the Republic of Serbia. The analysis of the attained results points to the need for certain kinds of educational interventions, whose programmes would improve the knowledge and awareness of employed persons regarding the right to work of intellectually disabled persons, promote diversity and create an inclusive working environment. The different modes of training, reinterpretation and transformation of previous experience, informing and establishing positive contacts with intellectually disabled persons, conducted by a multidisciplinary team of experts would establish a stable base for the removal of obstacles in the employment process
Full inclusive education: idealistic or realistic macedonian educational agenda
Get PDFIntroduction: According to the Macedonian educational legislation, from the school year 2022/23, all children with disabilities must be included in regular schools.
Aim: The purpose of this paper is to explore the attitudes of teachers towards inclusive education of all students with disabilities, and also the factors they consider most important for the proper implementation of inclusive practices in regular schools.
Method: The questionnaire “Teachers’ beliefs and attitudes towards Inclusive Education” was used to examine educators’ attitudes and beliefs about full inclusion of students with disabilities. The sample for this study consisted of a total of 346 Macedonian regular school teachers. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences Software was used to analyze the data, organize the results, and provide descriptive statistics.
Results: Teachers’ attitudes towards inclusive education for all students with disabilities were divided (45.4% of them agree/strongly agree, against 41.3% who disagree/strongly disagree with this issue). The findings show that regular teachers are not sure about the level of confidence in teaching students with disabilities (M=3.15+1.10). According to teachers, the biggest barriers of inclusive education are large number of students in classrooms (68.8%), unqualified educational staff (63.6%), and the curriculum (62.1%).
Conclusion: Generally, the teachers in this study accept the inclusion of children with some types of disabilities in the regular classrooms, indicating at the same time the benefits of inclusion for them and for typically developing children