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Opinion of employers in the field of service activities on work inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities
Get PDFUvod: U socijalnoj inkluziji zaposlenost je još uvek ključni cilj kome teže mno- ge osobe sa ometenošću, a najviše problema pri ulasku na tržište rada imaju osobe s intelektualnom ometenošću. Kao najčešći razlog za njihovo nezapo- šljavanje navode se predrasude poslodavaca koji su ključna karika u selekciji kandidata i donošenju odluke o zapošljavanju.
Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrditi mišljenje poslodavaca iz oblasti uslužnih delatnosti o radnoj inkluziji osoba sa intelektualnom ometenošću.
Metod: Uzorkom je obuhvaćeno 59 privatnih poslodavaca, oba pola, koji su podeljeni na dve uzrasne kategorije (mlađi – do 40 godina i stariji – preko 40 godina). U istraživanju je primenjen Upitnik o radu za osobe sa ometenošću (Work for people with disability) kojim se procenjuje mišljenje o radnim per- formansama i socijalnoj prihvaćenosti osoba sa ometenošću u radnoj sredini.
Rezultati: Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da je mišljenje poslodavaca o radnoj in- kluziji osoba sa intelektualnom ometenošću nedeterminisano, kako u dome- nu radnih performansi, tako i u domenu socijalne prihvaćenosti. Detaljnijom analizom dobijenih podataka utvrđena je statistički značajna razlika u odnosu na godine starosti ispitanika (t=2,46, p=0,02), pri čemu mlađi ispitanici, do 40 godina imaju pozitivnije mišljenje.
Zaključak: Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na potrebu za sveobuhvatnijim istraživa- njima iz ove oblasti i impliciraju neophodne intervencije u cilju podizanja svesti poslodavaca o radnoj inkluziji osoba sa intelektualnom ometenošću.Introduction: In social inclusion, employment is still a key goal for many persons with disabilities and persons with intellectual disabilities have the most problems in entering the open labor market. The most common reason for their unemployment is the prejudice of employers as they select candidates for the job and make decisions on their employment.
Objectives: The main goal of this research is to determine the opinion of employers in service sector on work inclusion of persons with intellectual disabilities.
Method: The sample consisted 59 private employers, both genders, who are divided into two age categories (younger employers – up to 40 years and older – over 40 years).
For the purpose of this research we applied Work for people with disabilities questionnaire, which assesses the opinion on the aspect of work performance and social acceptance of persons with disabilities in the work environment.
Results: The obtained results indicate that the opinion of employers on the work inclusion of persons with intellectual disabilities is indeterminate, in both domains of work performance and social acceptance. More detailed analysis of the obtained data revealed statistically significant differences in relation to the age of the employers (t=2.46, p=.02), with younger employers, up to 40 years, having more positive opinion.
Conclusion: The obtained results indicate the need for more comprehensive research in this area and imply the necessary interventions in order to raise the awareness of employers about the work inclusion of persons with intellectual disabilities
Predictors of reunification and other types of exit for maltreated children using shelter services in Serbia
No full textThis article reports the results of the first study in Serbia on factors (child, family and case) for different exit types for children admitted to out-of-home care. Case files of 154 children admitted to the Shelter for Urgent Protection of Children from Abuse and Neglect over a 5-year period were analysed. After the shelter, less than a third of the children returned to their biological parents. The findings revealed that different constellations of child, family and case characteristics predict reunification and placement in a relative or foster family or in a group home. No significant predictors were noted for inadequate accommodation. The results of this study showed that although the patterns of reunification were very similar to those in other countries, there were differences that reflected the specifics of child welfare policy in Serbia
Socijalna kompetencija i antisocijalno ponašanje kod učenika s adhd pre početka i nakon završetka onlajn nastave tokom kovid-19 pandemije
Get PDFThe paper presents a study that aims to determine the relation between social
competence, antisocial behavior and the severity of ADHD symptoms in older primary school students before beginning and after the end of online classes during the
COVID-19 pandemic. The research sample included 52 students with ADHD of fifth,
sixth and seventh grade. The School Social Behavior Scale – Second Edition was used
to assess social competence and antisocial behavior, while ADHD-related symptoms
were assessed by the teacher and parental form of the Conners ADHD Index Rating
Scales – Third edition. The results show that peer relations, self-management and the
quality of social competence as a whole were statistically significantly worse after
conducting online classes than before they started. Students with ADHD showed a
significant worsening of all examined forms of antisocial behavior after online classes. Mediation analysis found that antisocial behavior before online classes does not
mediate the relation between results of social competence and the severity of ADHD
symptoms [β = 1.01, % 95 CI (−0.0034, 1.9989)]. After online classes, it was found
that antisocial behavior played a mediating role mentioned relation [β = 1.42, % 95 CI
(0.6124, 2.5768)].Рад даје приказ истраживања које је имало за циљ да утврди везу између социјалне компетенције, антисоцијалног понашања и озбиљности испољавања
симптома ADHD код ученика старијег основношколског узраста пре почетка и
након завршетка онлајн наставе током пандемије КОВИД-19. Узорак истраживања укључивао је 52 ученика с ADHD V, VI и VII разреда. За процену социјалне компетенције и антисоцијалног понашања коришћено је друго издање Скале
социјалног понашања у школи, док су симптоми везани за ADHD процењени
наставничком и родитељском формом трећег издања Конерс рејтинг скале. Резултати показују да су односи са вршњацима, управљање сопственим понашањем и квалитет социјалне компетенције у целини били статистички значајно лошији после спроведене онлајн наставе него пре њеног почетка. Ученици с
ADHD показали су значајно погоршање свих испитаних облика антисоцијалног
понашања након онлајн наставе. Медијационом анализом утврђено је да антисоцијално понашање пре онлајн наставе не посредује у односу између резултата
социјалне компетенције и озбиљности испољавања симптома ADHD [β = 1.01,
% 95 CI (−0.0034, 1.9989)]. Након онлајн наставе пронађено је да је антисоцијално понашање остварило посредничку улогу у наведеном односу [β = 1.42, % 95
CI (0.6124, 2.5768)]
Exercise-Based Interventions Aimed at Improving Balance in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-Analysis
No full textChildren with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often have deficits in motor skills, especially balance. This article presents a meta-analytic review of 15 intervention studies that aimed to improve balance in children and adolescents with ASD. Across these studies, there were 195 participants with ASD for whom pre-intervention and post-intervention balance scores were available. We measured the standardized mean difference (Hedges’ g) between their pre-intervention and post-intervention balance scores and found a large, positive effect from these balance interventions (standardized mean difference—1.82 (95% CI [1.34, 2.29])). Various balance intervention procedures were shown to be very efficacious for children and adolescents with ASD. Clearly, balance is a motor skill that is very susceptible to intervention efforts. We also provided recommendations to researchers regarding what information to include when conducting intervention studies.Peer‐reviewed version of the article:[http://rfasper.fasper.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4101
Teachers’ standpoints towards use of assistive technology while working with children with developmental disabilities
Get PDFAsistivna tehnologija podrazumeva opremu koja se koristi u cilju podrške i
podsticanja funkcionisanja osoba sa teškoćama u razvoju. Ova studija je imala
za cilj da utvrdi stavove vaspitača o korišćenju asistivne tehnologije na teritoriji
grada Beograda, kao i eventualne razlike u odnosu na starost i nivo
obrazovanja vaspitača. Za prikupljanje podataka u okviru ovog istraživanja
primenjena je Skala korišćenja asistivne tehnologije u obrazovanju dece sa
ometenošću (Scale of the use of assistive technology in the education of children
with disabilities, Arouri et al., 2020). Rezultati istraživanja upućuju na
činjenicu da se asistivna tehnološka sredstva ne primenjuju u dovoljnoj meri
u ispitanim ustanovama, kao i da su stavovi vaspitača prema korišćenju asistivne
tehnologije u velikoj meri negativni. Kao razlozi za izostanak primene
metoda i sredstava asistivne tehnologije vaspitači navode materijalna ograničenja
i izostanak edukacije. Istraživanjem su dobijeni rezultati koji nisu pokazali
značajnu razliku između mlađih i starijih vaspitača u stavovima prema
korišćenju asistivne tehnologije. Takođe, nije pronađena statistički značajna
razlika između stavova vaspitača koji su završili višu školu i onih koji su završili
fakultete. Dobijeni rezultati upućuju na neophodnost obezbeđivanja materijalnih
resursa, kao i adekvatne edukacije na temu primene asistivne tehnologije,
vaspitačima u predškolskim ustanovama.Assistive technology represents the equipment that is used for supporting
persons with developmental disabilities and encouraging their functioning.
Aim of this study was to determine standpoints and views of teachers about
the use of assistive technology in Belgrade area, but also to determine potential
differences in relation to age and level of education. Scale of the use of assistive
technology in the education of children with disabilities was used for collecting
the data for this research (Arouri et al., 2020). The results of the research
point to the fact that the assistive technological means are not sufficiently
used in institutions that were observed and that the teachers’ stances toward
those means are mostly negative. Teacher cite material limitations and lack of
education as reasons for not using methods and means of assistive technology.
Obtained results did not show significant difference between younger and
older examinees regarding the use of assistive technology. Also, there was
no statistically significant difference in attitudes of teachers regardless them
having bachelor or master degree. Obtained results point to the necessity of
providing the material resources as well as adequate education to preschool
teachers on the use of assistive technology
Trainings for parents of persons with severe and profound intellectal disability
Get PDFObuke za roditelje predstavljaju značajan oblik podrške porodicama osoba
sa intelektualnom ometenošću. Autori navode da ove obuke dovode do pozitivnih promena kod dece sa intelektualnom ometenošću i njihovih roditelja,
mada je malo podataka o obukama za roditelje osoba sa teškom i dubokom
intelektualnom ometenošću.
Cilj rada je prikaz dostupnih i relevantnih istraživanja čiji se predmet odnosi na različite aspekte obuka namenjenih roditeljima osoba sa teškom i
dubokom intelektualnom ometenošću (karakteristike polaznika obuke i njihove dece, ciljevi i metode obuke), kao i izdvajanje preporuka za intervencije
i buduća istraživanja u ovoj oblasti.
Analizom je obuhvaćeno 17 originalnih naučnih radova, devet preglednih
radova i jedna metaanaliza. Obuke su uglavnom namenjene roditeljima
dece i adolescenata, veoma retko roditeljima odraslih osoba sa intelektualnom ometenošću, majke čine većinu polaznika ovih obuka. Obuke su pretežno usmerene na podsticanje detetovog razvoja i/ili regulisanje problema u
ponašanju. U istraživanjima su najšeće procenjeni ishodi neposredno nakon
sprovedne obuke za roditelje (roditeljsko ovladavanje podučavanim strategijama i/ili detetovo ciljno ponašanje), ređe su procenjeni generalizacija i održavanje efekata. Najčešće korišćene metode za podučavnje roditelja su: direktne instrukcije, modelovanje uživo, uvežbavanje i pružanje povratne informacije. U radu su posebno opisane obuke izdvojene kao najrelevatnije za
rad sa porodicama osoba sa teškom i dubokom intelektualnom ometenošću. Potrebno je dodatno ispitati da li su strategije obuke roditelja, čija je efikasnost potvrđena kod dece sa blažim smetnjama, takođe efikasne i kod dece
sa težim smetnjama.Parental trainings represent significant support for families of people with
intellectual disability. These trainings lead to positive changes in children with
intellectual disability and in their parents, although there is a little data about
trainings for parents of persons with severe and profound intellectual disability.
The aim of this paper is to present available and relevant research about different
aspects of training for parents of persons with severe and profound intellectual
disability (characteristics of parents and their children, training goals and
methods), as well as to poiunt out recommendations for interventions and
future research in this area.
Analysis included 17 original scientific papers, nine reviews and one metaanalysis. Trainings were mostly intended for parents of children and adolescents,
rarely for parents of adults with intellectual disability, majority of attendees were
mothers. Trainings were mostly focused on enhancing children’s development
and/or managing behavioral problems. Research usually assessed outcomes
immediately after parental training (parental mastery of trained strategies and/
or child’s targeted behavior), generalization and maintaining effects were rarely
evaluated. The most frequently used methods for parental trainings were: direct
instructions, live modeling, exercise and giving feedback. Trainings viewed as
the most relevant for work with families of persons with severe and profound
intellectual disability are described in more details. Additional research is
needed to investigate whether parental training strategies, that are proven
effective in children with milder disabilities, are also effective in children with
severe disabilities
Obscure Involvement of MYC in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Neuronal Repair
No full textMYC is well known as a potent oncogene involved in regulating cell cycle and metabolism. Augmented MYC expression leads to cell cycle dysregulation, intense cell proliferation, and carcinogenesis. Surprisingly, its increased expression in neurons does not induce their proliferation, but leads to neuronal cell death and consequent development of a neurodegenerative phenotype. Interestingly, while cancer and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease are placed at the opposite sides of cell division spectrum, both start with cell cycle dysregulation and stimulation of proliferation. It seems that MYC action directed toward neuron cell proliferation and neural tissue repair collides with evolutional loss of regenerative capacity of CNS neurons in order to strengthen synaptic structure, to protect our cognitive abilities and therefore character. Accordingly, there are abundant mechanisms that block its expression and action specifically in the brain. Moreover, while MYC expression in brain neurons during neurodegenerative processes is related to their death, there are obvious evidences that MYC action after physical injury is beneficial in case of peripheral nerve recovery. MYC might be a useful tool to repair brain cells upon development of neurodegenerative disease or CNS trauma, including stroke and traumatic brain and spinal cord injury, as even imperfect axonal growth and regeneration strategies will likely be of profound benefit. Understanding complex control of MYC action in the brain might have important therapeutic significance, but also it may contribute to the comprehension of development of neurodegenerative diseases
Cost Analysis of Health Examination Screening Program for Ischemic Heart Disease in Active-Duty Military Personnel in the Middle-Income Country
No full textCardiovascular diseases, including ischemic heart disease, are the most common causes of morbidity and death in the world, including Serbia, as a middle-income European country. The aim of the study was to determine the costs of preventive examinations for ischemic heart disease in active-duty military personnel, as well as to assess whether this was justified from the point of view of the limited health resources allocated for the treatment of the Republic of Serbia population. This is a retrospective cost-preventive study which included 738 male active-duty military personnel, aged from 23 to 58. The costs of primary prevention of ischemic heart disease in this population were investigated. Out of 738 subjects examined, arterial hypertension was detected in 101 subjects (in 74 of them, arterial hypertension was registered for the first time, while 27 subjects were already subjected to pharmacotherapy for arterial hypertension). Average costs of all services during the periodic-health-examination screening program were euro76.96 per subject. However, average costs of all services during the periodic-health-examination screening program for patients with newfound arterial hypertension and poorly regulated arterial hypertension were euro767.54 per patient and euro2,103.63 per patient, respectively. Since periodic-health-examination screening program in military personnel enabled not only discovery of patient with newfound arterial hypertension but also regular monitoring of those who are already on antihypertensive therapy, significant savings of euro690.58 per patient and euro2,026.67 per patient can be achieved, respectively. As financial resources for providing health care in Serbia, as a middle-income country, are limited, further efforts should be put on screening programs for ischemic heart disease due to possible significant savings
Irrational beliefs differentially predict adherence to guidelines and pseudoscientific practices during the COVID-19 pandemic
No full textIn the coronavirus "infodemic," people are exposed to official recommendations but also to potentially dangerous pseudoscientific advice claimed to protect against COVID-19. We examined whether irrational beliefs predict adherence to COVID-19 guidelines as well as susceptibility to such misinformation. Irrational beliefs were indexed by belief in COVID-19 conspiracy theories, COVID-19 knowledge overestimation, type I error cognitive biases, and cognitive intuition. Participants (N = 407) reported (1) how often they followed guidelines (e.g., handwashing, physical distancing), (2) how often they engaged in pseudoscientific practices (e.g., consuming garlic, colloidal silver), and (3) their intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Conspiratorial beliefs predicted all three outcomes in line with our expectations. Cognitive intuition and knowledge overestimation predicted lesser adherence to guidelines, while cognitive biases predicted greater adherence, but also greater use of pseudoscientific practices. Our results suggest an important relation between irrational beliefs and health behaviors, with conspiracy theories being the most detrimental.peer‐reviewed version of the article:[http://rfasper.fasper.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3787
Increasing hairdressing compliance with a child with autism spectrum disorders
Get PDFThe diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) itself can include problems with hyper responsiveness to different sensory stimuli. These difficulties can lead to different maladaptive behavioral manifestations and prevent children diagnosed with ASD from participating in certain activities. The aim of the present case study was to examine the effectiveness of shaping procedure application in order to increase compliance with haircutting with a six year old boy diagnosed with ASD. The procedure used for increasing compliance while getting a haircut was shaping and we divided the intervention into two phases. Phase one involved teaching the participant to tolerate the presence of the hair clipper on his head, while phase two consisted of increasing participant’s toleration of the sound emitted by the hair clipper. Generalization probe involved taking the participant into a hair salon, where he would receive hair grooming performed by a professional hair stylist. The child mastered phase one in 54 trials that were conducted during five sessions and mastered the goal time in phase two in 89 trials that were conducted during four sessions. In conclusion, shaping procedure appears to be an effective and efficient training procedure for teaching skills that are important for future everyday functioning in society of children with ASD, as well as basic hygiene skills, such as hair cutting. Study limitations and future research implications are discussed