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Квалитет живота породица у породично оријентисаној раној интервенцији у Србији
No full textКвалитет живота породица је показатељ исхода и утицаја програма којима је
обухваћен широк спектар услуга усмерених на породицу. Циљ овог рада је испитивање
квалитета живота породица које су укључене у процес ране интервенције, као и
упоређивање квалитета живота породица које су укључене у породично оријентисане
ране интервенције и квалитета живота породица у фрагментисаним услугама раних
интервенција. У истраживању су учестовале 33 породице са децом са сметњама у развоју
узраста до 6 година из Републике Србије. Инструмент коришћен у истраживању је
Породични квалитет живота (Family Quality of Life), аутора Робина МекВилијама.
Анализа домена квалитета живота породице у породично оријентисаној раној
интервенцији и фрагментисаним услугама ране интервенције није показала велике разлике
између ова два типа ране интервеније. Истраживање је показало да родитељи први
примећују развојно кашњење код детета у већини случајева. Истраживање је показало да
постоји значајна разлика у квалитету живота породица различитог економског статуса
између ова два типа ране интервенције, док није показало да постоји разлика у квалитету
живота породица различитог брачног статуса, породица које су у различито време
укључене у процес ране интервенције и да не постоји разлика између степена
задовољства по питању приступа информацијама и степена задовољства између
породица ова два типа ране интервенције. Поређењем резултата овог истраживања са
резултатима других истраживања, уочава се разлика у резултатима, што представља
смерницу за даље истраживање ове теме
Стимулација развоја деце са вишеструком ометеношћу
No full textУ савременом друштву вишеструко ометене особе захтевају посебан и интензиван приступ у циљу подстицања развоја. У овом раду се детаљно разматрају и анализирају методе, технике и стратегије које се користе у подстицању развоја деце са вишеструком ометеношћу.
Читаоца на почетку уводимо у појам вишеструка ометеност, с обзиром на узроке настанка проблема, категоризацију и специфичности развоја деце са вишеструком ометеношћу. Затим следи дубока анализа концепта подстицања развоја, где се разматрају основни принципи, методе и технике које доприносе оптималном развоју детета.
Посебан део рада посвећен је улози породице у процесу подстицања развоја. Кроз примере из праксе и резултате научно-истраживачког рада указано је на значај укључивања породице у читав процес и значај сарадње породице са стручњацима који се баве особама са вишеструком ометеношћу. Овај аспект је неопходан јер породица представља основни и најстабилнији систем подршке детету.
У оквиру методолошког приступа, акценат је на детаљним корацима дијагностиковања, планирања интервенција, имплементације и евалуације напретка. Сагледавамо и изазове са којима се стручњаци суочавају у раду са децом са вишеструком ометеношћу, како на индивидуалном тако и на системском нивоу.
Закључно, рад пружа свеобухватан и дубок увид у све аспекте подстицања развоја деце са вишеструком ометеношћу, дајући теоријске и практичне смернице које могу послужити као основа за даља истраживања и као модел за примену у пракси.In modern society, people with multiple disabilities require a special and intensive approach in the area of encouraging development. This paper discusses and analyzes in detail the methods, techniques and strategies used in encouraging the development of children with multiple disabilities.
At the beginning, we introduce the reader to the world of multiple disabilities, considering the causes, categorization and specifics of the development of children with these challenges. This is followed by a deep analysis of the concept of fostering development, where the basic principles, methods and techniques that contribute to the optimal development of the child are discussed.
A special part of the work is devoted to the role of the family in the process of encouraging development. Through examples from practice and scientific research work, the importance of family involvement and cooperation with experts was pointed out. This aspect is necessary because the family represents the basic and most stable support system.
Within the methodological approach, the emphasis is on the detailed steps of diagnosis, intervention planning, implementation and progress evaluation. We also look at the challenges professionals face in working with children with multiple disabilities, both on an individual and systemic level.
In conclusion, the paper provides a comprehensive and deep insight into all aspects of fostering the development of children with multiple developmental disabilities, providing theoretical and practical guidelines that can serve as a basis for further research and application in practice
Leisure activities and attention of children with developmental difficulties and disabilities - a review of research
No full textУвод: Слободно време је претпоставка за целовит развој личности, учење и образовање, а у исто време превенција облика поремећаја у понашању. Циљ: Циљ овог рада је да се увидом у доступну литературу, направи преглед досадашњих научних и стручних радова у којима је обрађивана тема повезаности активности слободног времена и пажње деце са тешкоћама у развоју и инвалидитетом. Методe: Преглед доступне литературе извршен је претраживањем електронских база података SCIndex, Kobson, Scribd, Google Scholar, Hrčak. Коришћене су и листе референци из радова који су пронађени на основу претраге по кључним речима.
Коришћена је доступна литература Националног Репозиторијума дисертација у Србији, часописа Специјална едукација и рехабилитација, библиотеке Факултета за специјалну едукацију и рехабилитацију и других Универзитетских библиотека. Резултати: Резултати показују да су особе са лаком интелектуалном ометеношћу склоне провођењу слободног времена доминатно користећи мобилне телефоне. Са друге стране, нека истраживања показују да организација слободног времена кроз физичке активности подстиче развој моторичких вештина и пажње код деце са аутизмом. Доказан је потенцијал употребе видео игрице као терапеутског алата код деце са поремећајем пажње, посебно у области побољшања способности планирања и употребе времена. Закључак: Слободно време игра важну улогу у животима деце с развојним потешкоћама и инвалидитетом. Кроз слободне активности, деца имају прилику да развију своје вештине, социјализују се и уживају у забави. Међутим, изазови у усмеравању пажње могу отежати њихово учествовање. Примена прилагођених стратегија и приступа може помоћи у подршци њихових потребама и подстицању њиховох развоја.Introduction. Free time is a prerequisite for complete personality development, learning and education, and at the same time prevention of behavioral disorders. Aim. The objective of this work is to review the available literature, to make an overview of previous scientific and professional works in which the subject of connection between free time activities and attention of children with developmental difficulties and disabilities is dealt with. Methods. A review of the available literature was performed by searching the electronic databases SCIndex, Kobson, Scribd, Google Scholar, Hrčak. Lists of references from works that were found based on a keyword search were also used.
Available literature from the National Repository of Dissertations in Serbia, the journal Special Education and Rehabilitation, the library of the Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation and other University libraries was used. Results. The results show that people with mild intellectual disability tend to spend their free time dominantly using mobile phones. On the other hand, some research shows that the organization of free time through physical activities encourages the development of motor skills and attention in children with autism. The potential of using a video game as a therapeutic tool for children with attention deficit disorder has been proven, especially in the area of improving the ability to plan and use time. Conclusion. Free time plays an important role in the lives of children with developmental difficulties and disabilities. Through free activities, children have the opportunity to develop their skills, socialize and enjoy fun. However, challenges in directing attention can make it difficult for them to participate. Applying tailored strategies and approaches can help support their needs and encourage their development
Quality of Prison Life of Female Prisoners in Serbia: Key Challenges and Areas of Strength
No full textDespite a range of differences between male and female prisoners, research on the female prison population has been
lacking due to their smaller representation worldwide. To address this gap, the study aimed to understand the overall
prison experience of female prisoners in Serbia by analysing the quality of prison life and examining various dimensions
across five overarching categories of the prison climate. A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted using
the convenience sample of 91 female prisoners serving prison sentences in the Correctional Institution for Women
in Požarevac. The Measuring the Quality of Prison Life (MQPL) survey and a one-way repeated-measures ANOVA
with post-hoc Bonferroni adjustments were used. Significant variations in ratings of the prison climate were identified.
The overall prison experience was rated relatively low with only one quarter of the sample giving a positive rating.
The highest-ranked MQPL dimensions were Prisoner Adaptation and Distress, while the lowest were Well-being,
Bureaucratic Legitimacy, Organisation and Consistency, and Decency. The proposed holistic approach with practical
interventions offers the potential to enhance prison life quality and support the well-being of female prisoners, who
represent a vulnerable and marginalised group in society
Williams syndrome – phenotypical and developmental specificities
Get PDFVilijamsov sindrom je genetski i razvojni poremećaj okarakterisan brojnim
anomalijama i sniženim kvalitetom razvojnog seta. Strukturiranje (re)habilitacionog tretmana u slučaju ove kliničke slike je i dalje izazovno. Cilj ovog
rada je analiziranje podataka o fenotipskom određenju i neurorazvojnim
karakteristikama Vilijamsovog sindroma. Sistematski pregled literature
objavljene u akademskim publikacijama izvršen je pretraživanjem elektronskih baza podataka koje su dostupne preko servisa Konzorcijuma biblioteka Srbije za objedinjenu nabavku – KOBSON, kao i korišćenjem pretrage
uz Research Gate, Academia i Google Scholar. Rezultati ovako načinjene
analize ukazuju da kombinacija intelektualne ometenosti, medicinskih
problema, poremećaja u ponašanju, psiholoških i adaptivnih deficita dovodi do značajnih ograničenja kvaliteta života kod osoba sa Vilijamsovim
sindromom. Zato se u radu naglašava važnost psihoedukacione evaluacije
jedinstvenog kognitivnog i bihevioralnog profila u službi pravilnog kreiranja
odgovarajućeg obrazovnog plana.Williams syndrome is a genetic and developmental disorder characterized
by numerous anomalies and reduced quality of the developmental set.
Structuring (re)habilitation treatment regarding this clinical picture is
still challenging. The aim of this paper is to analyze data on the phenotypic
determination and neurodevelopmental characteristics of Williams syndrome.
A systematic review of the literature published in academic publications was
carried out by searching electronic databases that are available through the
service of the Serbian Library Consortium for Coordinated Acquisition –
KOBSON, as well as by using searches with Research Gate, Academia and
Google Scholar. The results of this analysis indicate that the combination of
intellectual disabilities, medical problems, behavioral disorders, psychological and adaptive deficits leads to significant limitations in the quality of life of people
with Williams syndrome. That is why the paper emphasizes the importance of
psychoeducational evaluation of a unique cognitive and behavioral profile in
the service of the proper creation of an appropriate educational plan
Psychometric evaluation of the Serbian version of the Stigma Scale of Epilepsy (SSE)
No full textObjective:
To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Serbian-language version of the Stigma Scale of Epilepsy (SSE).
Methods:
The sample consisted of 108 patients with epilepsy (PWE) (60.2 % were female, age range: 19–67 years) and 102 students (86.3 % were female, age range: 18–47 years). The study encompassed two phases: (1) translation of the SSE into Serbian using the back-translation technique, and (2) evaluation of reliability and construct validity of the Serbian-language version of SSE. In addition to the SSE, the PWE filled out a Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory for Epilepsy (NDDI-E), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). The socio-demographic and clinical variables were noted for each patient by the semistructured interview. Besides completing the SSE, the students were asked if they knew anyone with epilepsy. The reliability of the questionnaire was tested by assessing the internal consistency of the scale (Cronbach’s α), while construct validity was assessed by factor analysis, method of known-groups validation, and correlation analysis.
Results:
SSE demonstrates a satisfactory level of reliability in both samples, with Cronbach's α of 0.86 in the PWE sample and 0.90 in the student sample. Using exploratory factor analysis, four factors were identified in both samples, corresponding relatively well with the scale domains originally produced, with a few exceptions described. Adverse effects (AEs) of antiseizure medications (ASMs) and driving ability significantly influenced SSE scores, but there were no significant effects of other socio-demographic and clinical variables on epilepsy-related stigma in the PWE sample. In addition, depression severity significantly influenced SSE scores (based on NDDI-E cut-off score), with the SSE showing a positive association with PHQ-9 (r = 0.42, p < .001) and GAD-7 (r = 0.35, p < .001) as well. Regarding the student sample, the effects of personal knowledge of someone with epilepsy on SSE scores were found to be significant. Besides, students (M = 46.28, SD = 16.43) reported higher epilepsy-related stigma than patients (M = 40.66, SD = 17.01), t(208) = 2.43, p < .05, d = 0.34.
Conclusion:
The Serbian version of the SSE has good psychometric properties and represents a useful tool for assessing epilepsy-related stigma in both patients and the general population
The relationship between reading skills and fine motor abilities in younger school-age children
Get PDFUvod: Uloga motorike u veštini čitanja nije toliko očigledna, te je i znatno ređe proučavana. Rezultati pojedinih istraživanja ukazuju na to da je veza između motorike i čitanja prisutna i da zavisi od ispitivane motoričke komponente. Cilj: Cilj istraživanja je da se utvrdi povezanost vizuomotoričke koordinacije i vizuomotoričke integracije sa tehnikom čitanja kod učenika mlađeg školskog uzrasta. Metode: Uzorkom je obuhvaćeno 103 ispitanika uzrasta od devet do 11 godina. Za procenu tehnike čitanja korišćena je skala Likertovog tipa sa četiri deskriptora, kojima su obuhvaćeni najčešći tipovi problema tokom čitanja. Fina motorika je procenjena subtestovima Akadija testa razvojnih sposobnosti – Vizuomotorička koordinacija i mogućnost sleda i Crtanje oblika. Kao kovarijati odabrani su inteligencija, radna memorija i inhibitorna kontrola. Inteligencija je procenjena Ravenovim progresivnim matricama, radna memorija zadatkom Raspon cifara unazad, a inhibitorna kontrola Kreni/stani zadatkom. Rezultati: Primenom hijerarhijske regresione analize utvrđeno je da su vizuomotorička koordinacija i radna memorija nezavisni prediktori tehnike čitanja. Vizuomotorička koordinacija objašnjava 5.2% varijanse, nakon što je uklonjen uticaj inteligencije i bazičnih egzekutivnih funkcija. Vizuomotorička integracija nije razmatrana kao prediktor tehnike čitanja pošto je utvrđeno da sa njom nije statistički značajno povezana. Zaključak: U razmatranju značaja fine motorike potrebno je analizirati pojedinačne komponente, jer rezultati ovog, kao i prethodnih istraživanja, ukazuju na to da nisu svi aspekti fine motorike podjednako značajni činioci razvoja veštine čitanja. U kontekstu prevencije teškoća u usvajanju čitanja bilo bi poželjno primenjivati aktivnosti kojima bi se stimulisao razvoj fine motorike i radne memorije već od predškolskog uzrasta.Introduction. The role of motor skills in reading seems counter-intuitive, and thus it has played a minor role in studies on predictors of reading skills. The results of some studies indicate that the connection between motor skills and reading is present and that it depends on the examined motor component. Objective. The aim of this research was to determine the relation between visuomotor coordination and visuomotor integration with reading skills in younger school-age students. Methods. The sample included 103 participants aged 9 to 11 years. A Likert-type scale with four descriptors covering the most common types of problems during reading was used to evaluate reading skills. Fine motor skills were assessed with the subtests of the Acadia Test of Developmental Abilities – Visuomotor Coordination and Sequencing and Figure Copying. Intelligence, working memory, and inhibitory control were selected as covariates. Intelligence was assessed by Raven’s Progressive Matrices, working memory by the Digit Span Backward task, and inhibitory control by the Go/NoGo task. Results. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that visuomotor coordination and working memory are independent predictors of reading skills. Visuomotor coordination explains 5.2% of the variance after removing the influence of intelligence and basic executive functions. A statistically significant relationship between visuomotor integration and reading skills was not found, so visuomotor integration was not considered a predictor in further analysis. Conclusion. When considering the importance of fine motor skills, it is necessary to analyze its individual components, because the results of this, as well as previous studies, indicate that not all aspects of fine motor skills are equally important factors in the development of reading skills. In the context of preventing difficulties in learning to read, it would be desirable to apply activities that would stimulate the development of fine motor skills and working memory from preschool age
The Necessity of Application of Control Measurement in Therapy of Persons with Brain Injury
Get PDFIntroduction. Control measurement is common in experimental situations, while in practice it is often overlooked or just reduced to a conversation with the patient. It is obvious that we have to ask questions such as: is it necessary to perform a control measurement at all, when is it performed, with which instruments and how many control measurements should be performed? These questions go deep into the doctrine of any science and practice. Aim. In this paper, the eventual necessity of performing control measurements is considered from the theoretical and practical aspects. Methods. In this work, we dealt with the therapy of cognitive and motor functions, that is, the phenomena of memory, attention, orientation and practical functions. The sample consisted of 15 male and female respondents aged 15 to 20 years. We examined their cognitive and practical functioning using subtests from The Mental Status in Neurology (Strub, R., Black, W. 1983) and Cognitive Assessment Ability (Adamovich, B., Henderson, J., Auerbach, S., 1985). The choice of subtests was oriented towards acquired knowledge, experiences, semi-abstract and abstract thinking from the patient's immediate environment. Upon application of the experimental model, which lasted four weeks, we performed a control measurement. Results. The obtained results show the justification of the application of the control measurement in the tested subjects. The results indicate the importance of control measurement, which is reflected in the possibility of recording the progress of treated patients in the examined domains. By control measurement, therefore, we can determine progress or stagnation in the recovery of certain parts of the tested and treated functions. The research results unequivocally indicate a statistically significant difference (p<0.5 to p<0.1) between the first and second measurements in the examined functions. Conclusion. Based on the obtained results, we can conclude that control measurement is a necessary approach in confirming the correctness of using current therapeutic procedures, their modification and dosage
Inter-rater Reliability of Recidivism Risk Assessments of the High-risk Convicted
Get PDFПроцена ризика од рецидивизма у пеналном систему
у великој мери је напредовала, те су данас у употреби инструменти
за процену који треба да допринесу ефективнијем поступању са
осуђенима. Ипак, и поред напора уложених у развој и побољшање
тих инструмената, и даље постоје одређени проблеми у њиховој
примени, које истраживачи и практичари теже да отклоне или
сведу на најмању могућу меру. У складу са наведеним, циљ овог рада
је испитивање међупосматрачке поузданости Упитника за процену ризика, капацитета и потреба осуђеног у затворском систему
Републике Србије. Истраживање је реализовано у три казнено-поправна завода (Пожаревац, Сремска Митровица и Ниш) на узорку
од 54 осуђена лица код којих је у пријемном одељењу процењен висок
или изузетно висок ризик од рецидивизма, и 35 запослених стручних радника. Добијени подаци указују да на нивоу целог инструмента постоји умерена сагласност (0,637) мерена Коеновим капа
коефицијентом (Cohen’s Kappa), те да апсолутни споразум оцењивача постоји у 88,9% случајева. С друге стране, апсолутни споразум
оцењивача, када се посматра скор ризика од рецидивизма, постоји
у свега седам случајева. Установљено је да највећи број ајтема има
умерену сагласност, као и да су најдоследније оцењени статички
фактори ризика од рецидивизма. Налази нашег истраживања показују да инструмент има умерену сагласност оцењивача на
узорку преступника са високим ризиком, али и да постоје одређени
проблеми који утичу на међупосматрачку поузданост.Recidivism risk assessment in the penal system has
significantly advanced, and today assessment instruments are in use
that should contribute to more effective treatment of convicts. However,
despite the efforts invested in the development and enhancement of the
instruments, there are still certain problems in their application, which
researchers and practitioners strive to eliminate or minimize. In accordance
with the aforementioned, the aim of this paper is to examine the interrater reliability of the Questionnaire for Assessing Risk, Capacity and
Needs of convicts in the prison system of the Republic of Serbia. The study
was conducted in three penitentiaries (Požarevac, Sremska Mitrovica and
Niš) on a sample of 54 convicted persons who were assessed as having a
high or extremely high recidivism risk in the reception department and
35 employed professional staff members. The obtained data indicate a
moderate agreement (0.637) measured by Cohen’s Kappa coefficient, and
an absolute agreement among of the evaluators in 88.9% of cases. On the
other hand, absolute agreement of the evaluators, when looking at the
recidivsm risk score, exists in only 7 cases. It was found that the largest
number of items have a moderate agreement, as well as that the static
recidivism risk factors were most consistently evaluated. The findings of
our research show that the instrument has moderate rater agreement, on
a sample of a high recidivism risk offenders, but also that there are certain
problems that affect interobserver reliability
Barriers in the application of assistive technology for Communication
Get PDFUvod: Asistivna tehnologija obuhvata širok spektar uređaja, strategija i
usluga koji su prilagođeni ili posebno dizajnirani za održavanje ili unapređivanje
funkcionalnih sposobnosti korisnika. Upotreba ove tehnologije, posebno
dizajnirane za komunikaciju, ima pozitivan uticaj na socijalni i emocionalni
razvoj korisnika, uspostavljanje interakcije sa osobama iz neposrednog i šireg
okruženja, promene u ponašanju, kao i na povećanje motivacije za učenje, samopouzdanja,
radnog i društvenog angažovanja. S obzirom na to postoji potreba
da se utvrde, analiziraju i bolje razumeju faktori koji promovišu ili ometaju
prihvatanje, integraciju i upotrebu asistivne tehnologije za komunikaciju.
Cilj: Cilj ovog rada je da se sistematskim pregledom i analizom relevantnih
istraživanja prikažu barijere u primeni asistivne tehnologije za komunikaciju u
različitim domenima svakodnevnog života korisnika.
Metode: Prilikom uvida u dostupnu literaturu korišćeni su servis Konzorcijuma
biblioteka Srbije za objedinjenu nabavku, kao i pretraživači Google Scholar i
Research Gate.
Rezultati: Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da na integraciju asistivne tehnologije
utiče niz faktora, uključujući one iz socijalne sredine, kao i lične faktore koji
se odnose na korisnika. Barijere obuhvataju nedostatak finansijskih sredstava,
opreme, negativne stavove, tehnofobiju, kao i neadekvatnu procenu, zbog
čega dolazi do neusklađenosti između potreba korisnika i obezbeđenog uređaja
asistivne tehnologije. U obrazovnom okruženju identifikovani su nedostatak
odgovarajuće obuke, dostupnih alata i resursa, tehničke podrške, vremena za
istraživanje i proučavanje načina za integraciju tehnologije u nastavni plan i
program, kao i samoefikasnost nastavnog osoblja. Kada su u pitanju barijere
proistekle od vršnjaka i samih korisnika, pokazalo se da bi uređaji trebalo da
budu jednako privlačni vršnjacima tipičnog razvoja, da njihova upotreba bude
lako razumljiva, kao i da ne ugrožava, niti usložnjava socijalno učešće.Zaključak: Procena potreba korisnika, njihovih preferencija i sposobnosti,
okruženja u kojima će se tehnologija koristiti, kao i njenih karakteristika, neophodna
je za uspešnu integraciju asistivne tehnologije za komunikaciju.Introduction: Assistive technology encompasses a wide range of devices, strategies,
and services that are adapted or specifically designed to maintain or improve the user’s
functional abilities. The use of this technology, specially designed for communication, has
a positive impact on the user’s social and emotional development, establishing interaction
with people from the immediate and wider environment, changes in behavior, as well as
increasing motivation for learning, self- confidence, work, and social engagement. In view of
this, there is a need to identify, analyze, and better understand the factors that promote or
hinder the acceptance, integration, and use of assistive technology for communication.
Aim: The aim of this research was to show the barriers in the application of assistive
technology for communication in various domains of the user’s daily life through a systematic
review and analysis of relevant research.
Methods: The service of the Serbian Library Consortium for Coordinated Acquisition,
as well as the Google Scholar and Research Gate search engines, were used to review the
available literature.
Results: The analysis of the results showed that the integration of assistive technology
is influenced by a number of factors, including those from the social environment, as
well as personal factors related to the user. Barriers include lack of financial resources,
equipment, negative attitudes, technophobia, as well as inadequate assessment, which
leads to a mismatch between the needs of the user and the provided assistive technology
device. In an educational environment, lack of appropriate training, available tools and
resources, technical support, time to research and study ways to integrate technology into
the curriculum, and self-efficacy of teachers were identified. When it comes to barriers arising
from peers and the users themselves, it was shown that devices should be equally attractive to
peers of typical development, that their use should be easy to understand, and that it should
not endanger or complicate social participation.
Conclusion: Assessing the needs of users, their preferences and abilities, the
environment in which the technology will be used, as well as its characteristics, is necessary
for the successful integration of assistive technology for communication